DEPARTMENT OF CSC

CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

LAB MANUAL

III B.TECH – I SEM (R18)

A.Y: (2022-23)

___________________________________________________
_
MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE & MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUH, Kistapur (V), Medchal (M),

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 Medchal-MalkajgiriDist. -501401

B.TECH III YEAR I SEM

Subject Code:

Course Objectives:

 The objectives of information security

 To understand the importance and application of each of confidentiality, integrity,
Authentication and availability
 To understand various cryptographic algorithms.
 To understand the basic categories of threats to computers and networks
 Understand Describe public-key cryptosystem.
 Understand Describe the enhancements made to IPv4 by IPSec
 Understand Intrusions and intrusion detection
 Understand Discuss the fundamental ideas of public-key cryptography.
 To Generate and distribute a PGP key pair and use the PGP package to send an encrypted
 E-mail message.
 To Discuss Web security and Firewalls

Course Outcomes:

 Student will be able to understand basic cryptographic algorithms, message and web
 Authentication and security issues.
 Ability to identify information system requirements for both of them such as client and
server.
 Ability to understand the current legal issues towards information security.

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List of Experiments:

S.No. Experiment Name Page No.

1. Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value ‘Hello world’. 4
The program should XOR each character in this string with 0 and displays the
result.

2. Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value ‘Hello world’. 5
The program should AND or and XOR each character in this string with 127 and
display the result.

3. Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using the following 7
algorithms.

a. Ceaser cipher

b. Substitution cipher 11

c. Hill Cipher 13

4. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the DES algorithm logic. 18

5. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic. 22

6. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic. 24

7. Write the RC4 logic in Java Using Java cryptography; encrypt the text “Hello 26
world” using Blowfish. Create your own key using Java key tool.

8. Write a Java program to implement RSA algorithm. 28

9. Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and 31

JavaScript.

10. Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA. 34

11. Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA. 37

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EXPERIMENT NO.1

XOR each character in this string with 0.

Aim: Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello World’. The
program should XOR each character in this string with 0 and display the result.

PROGRAM:

#include<stdlib.h>

main()

char str[]="Hello World";

char str1[11];

int i,len;

len=strlen(str);

for(i=0;i<len;i++)

str1[i]=str[i]^0;

printf("%c",str1[i]);

printf("\n");

}
Output:

Hello World

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EXPERIMENT NO.2

XOR a string with a 127

AIM: Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello World’. The
program should AND or and XOR each character in this string with 127 and display the result.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

void main()

char str[]="Hello World";

char str1[11];

char str2[11];

int i,len;

len = strlen(str);

for(i=0;i<len;i++)

str1[i] = str[i]&127;

printf("%c",str1[i]);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<len;i++)

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{

str2[i] = str2[i]^127;

printf("%c",str2[i]);

printf("\n");

Output:

Hello World

Hello World

Hello World

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EXPERIMENT NO. 3

Encryption & Decryption using Cipher Algorithms

AIM: Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using the following
algorithms:

a) Ceaser Cipher

b) Substitution Cipher

c) Hill Cipher

PROGRAM:

a) Ceaser Cipher

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class CeaserCipher {

static Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

// TODO code application logic here

System.out.print("Enter any String: ");

String str = br.readLine();

System.out.print("\nEnter the Key: ");

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int key = sc.nextInt();

String encrypted = encrypt(str, key);

System.out.println("\nEncrypted String is: " +encrypted);

String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);

System.out.println("\nDecrypted String is: " +decrypted); System.out.println("\n");

public static String encrypt(String str, int key) { String encrypted = "";

for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

int c = str.charAt(i);

if (Character.isUpperCase(c))

c = c + (key % 26);

if (c > 'Z')

c = c - 26;

else if (Character.isLowerCase(c)) {

c = c + (key % 26);

if (c > 'z')

c = c - 26;

encrypted += (char) c;

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}

return encrypted;

public static String decrypt(String str, int key)

String decrypted = "";

for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

int c = str.charAt(i);

if (Character.isUpperCase(c)) {

c = c - (key % 26);

if (c < 'A')

c = c + 26;

else if (Character.isLowerCase(c)) {

c = c - (key % 26);

if (c < 'a')

c = c + 26;

decrypted += (char) c;

return decrypted;

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}

Output:

Enter any String: Hello World

Enter the Key: 5

Encrypted String is: MjqqtBtwqi

Decrypted String is: Hello World

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b) Substitution Cipher

PROGRAM:

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

public class SubstitutionCipher {

static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

// TODO code application logic here

String a = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

String b = "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";

System.out.print("Enter any string: ");

String str = br.readLine();

String decrypt = "";

char c;

for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)

c = str.charAt(i);

int j = a.indexOf(c);

decrypt = decrypt+b.charAt(j);

}
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System.out.println("The encrypted data is: " +decrypt);

Output:

Enter any string: aceho

The encrypted data is: zxvsl

C) Hill Cipher
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PROGRAM:
import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;

public class HillCipher {

static float[][] decrypt = new float[3][1];

static float[][] a = new float[3][3];

static float[][] b = new float[3][3];

static float[][] mes = new float[3][1];

static float[][] res = new float[3][1];

static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

// TODO code application logic here

getkeymes();

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<1;j++)

for(int k=0;k<3;k++)

res[i][j]=res[i][j]+a[i][k]*mes[k][j];

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System.out.print("\nEncrypted string is : ");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

System.out.print((char)(res[i][0]%26+97));

res[i][0]=res[i][0];

inverse();

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<1;j++)

for(int k=0;k<3;k++) {

decrypt[i][j] = decrypt[i][j]+b[i][k]*res[k][j];

System.out.print("\nDecrypted string is : ");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

System.out.print((char)(decrypt[i][0]%26+97));

System.out.print("\n");

public static void getkeymes() throws IOException

System.out.println("Enter 3x3 matrix for key (It should be inversible): ");

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for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

a[i][j] = sc.nextFloat();

System.out.print("\nEnter a 3 letter string: ");

String msg = br.readLine();

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

mes[i][0] = msg.charAt(i)-97;

public static void inverse()

floatp,q;

float[][] c = a;

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

//a[i][j]=sc.nextFloat();

if(i==j)

b[i][j]=1;

else b[i][j]=0;

for(int k=0;k<3;k++) {

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
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p = c[i][k];

q = c[k][k];

for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {

if(i!=k) {

c[i][j] = c[i][j]*q-p*c[k][j];

b[i][j] = b[i][j]*q-p*b[k][j];

}
}
}
}

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

b[i][j] = b[i][j]/c[i][i];

System.out.println("");

System.out.println("\nInverse Matrix is : ");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

System.out.print(b[i][j] + " ");

System.out.print("\n");

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 }

Output:

Enter a 3 letter string: hai

Encrypted string is :fdx

Inverse Matrix is :

0.083333336 0.41666666 -0.33333334

-0.41666666 -0.083333336 0.6666667

0.5833333 -0.083333336 -0.33333334

Decrypted string is :hai

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EXPERIMENT NO. 4

Write a C/JAVA program to implement the DES algorithm logic.

AIM: To Write a Java program to implement the DES algorithm logic.

PROGRAM:

import java.util.*;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.security.spec.KeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;

import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;

import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class DES {

private static final String UNICODE_FORMAT = "UTF8";

public static final String DESEDE_ENCRYPTION_SCHEME = "DESede";

privateKeySpecmyKeySpec;

privateSecretKeyFactorymySecretKeyFactory;

private Cipher cipher;

byte[] keyAsBytes;

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private String myEncryptionKey;

private String myEncryptionScheme;

SecretKey key;

static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

public DES() throws Exception

//TODO code application logic here

myEncryptionKey = "ThisIsSecretEncryptionKey";

myEncryptionScheme = DESEDE_ENCRYPTION_SCHEME; keyAsBytes =

myEncryptionKey.getBytes(UNICODE_FORMAT);

myKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(keyAsBytes);

mySecretKeyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(myEncryptionScheme);

cipher = Cipher.getInstance(myEncryptionScheme);

key = mySecretKeyFactory.generateSecret(myKeySpec);

public String encrypt(String unencryptedString)

String encryptedString = null;

try

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);

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byte[] plainText = unencryptedString.getBytes(UNICODE_FORMAT);

byte[] encryptedText = cipher.doFinal(plainText);

BASE64Encoder base64encoder = new BASE64Encoder();

encryptedString = base64encoder.encode(encryptedText); }

catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace(); }

returnencryptedString; }

public String decrypt(String encryptedString)

String decryptedText=null;

try

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);

BASE64Decoder base64decoder = new BASE64Decoder();

byte[] encryptedText = base64decoder.decodeBuffer(encryptedString);

byte[] plainText = cipher.doFinal(encryptedText); decryptedText= bytes2String(plainText);

}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
returndecryptedText;
}
private static String bytes2String(byte[] bytes)
{
StringBufferstringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

for (int i = 0; i <bytes.length; i++)

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{
stringBuffer.append((char) bytes[i]);
}
returnstringBuffer.toString();
}
public static void main(String args []) throws Exception
{
System.out.print("Enter the string: ");

DES myEncryptor= new DES();

String stringToEncrypt = br.readLine();

String encrypted = myEncryptor.encrypt(stringToEncrypt);

String decrypted = myEncryptor.decrypt(encrypted);

System.out.println("\nString To Encrypt: " +stringToEncrypt);

System.out.println("\nEncrypted Value : " +encrypted);

System.out.println("\nDecrypted Value : " +decrypted);

System.out.println("");

OUTPUT:

Enter the string: Welcome

String To Encrypt: Welcome

Encrypted Value : BPQMwc0wKvg=

Decrypted Value : Welcome

EXPERIMENT NO. 5
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Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic.

AIM: Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic.

PROGRAM:

import java.io.*;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.security.Key;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream;

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;

import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class BlowFish {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

// TODO code application logic here

KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish");

keyGenerator.init(128);

Key secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();

Cipher cipherOut = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish/CFB/NoPadding");

cipherOut.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();

byte iv[] = cipherOut.getIV(); if (iv != null)

{
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System.out.println("Initialization Vector of the Cipher: " + encoder.encode(iv));
}
FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("inputFile.txt");

FileOutputStreamfout = new FileOutputStream("outputFile.txt");

CipherOutputStreamcout = new CipherOutputStream(fout, cipherOut);

int input = 0;

while ((input = fin.read()) != -1)

{
cout.write(input); }

fin.close(); cout.close();

}
}

OUTPUT:

Initialization Vector of the Cipher: dI1MXzW97oQ=

Contents of inputFile.txt: Hello World

Contents of outputFile.txt: ùJÖ˜ NåI“

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EXPERIMENT NO. 6

Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic.

AIM: Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic.

PROGRAM:

import java.security.*;

import javax.crypto.*;

import javax.crypto.spec.*;

import java.io.*;

public class AES {

public static String asHex (byte buf[]) {

StringBuffer strbuf = new StringBuffer(buf.length * 2);

int i;

for (i = 0; i < buf.length; i++)

if (((int) buf[i] & 0xff) < 0x10)

strbuf.append("0");

strbuf.append(Long.toString((int) buf[i] & 0xff, 16));

return strbuf.toString();

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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String message="AES still rocks!!";

// Get the KeyGenerator

KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");

kgen.init(128); // 192 and 256 bits may not be available

// Generate the secret key specs.

SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey();

byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded();

SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");

// Instantiate the cipher

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);

byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal((args.length == 0 ? message : args[0]).getBytes());

System.out.println("encrypted string: " + asHex(encrypted));

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);

byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);

String originalString = new String(original);

System.out.println("Original string: " + originalString + " " + asHex(original)); } }

OUTPUT:
Initialization Vector of the Cipher: dI1MXzW97oQ

encrypted string: Hello World

Original string: as Hex

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EXPERIMENT NO. 7

Using Java cryptography; encrypt the text “Hello world” using Blowfish. Create your own
key using Java key tool.

AIM: Write the RC4 logic in Java Using Java Cryptography, encrypt the text “Hello world”
using Blowfish. Create your own key using Java key tool.

PROGRAM:

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class BlowFishCipher {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

// create a key generator based upon the Blowfish cipher

KeyGeneratorkeygenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish");

// create a key

// create a cipher based upon Blowfish Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish");

// initialise cipher to with secret key cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretkey);

// get the text to encrypt

String inputText = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Input your message: ");

// encrypt message

byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(inputText.getBytes());

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// re-initialise the cipher to be in decrypt mode

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretkey);

// decrypt message

byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);

// and display the results

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(JOptionPane.getRootFrame(), "\nEncrypted text: " + new

String(encrypted) + "\n" + "\nDecrypted text: " + new String(decrypted));

System.exit(0);

}}

OUTPUT:

Input your message: Hello world

Encrypted text: 3ooo&&(*&*4r4

Decrypted text: Hello world

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EXPERIMENT NO. 8

Write a Java program to implement RSA algorithm.

AIM: Write a Java program to implement RSA Algoithm.

PROGRAM:

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.math.*;

import java.util.Random;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class RSA {

static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO code application logic here

System.out.print("Enter a Prime number: ");

BigInteger p = sc.nextBigInteger();

// Here's one prime number..

System.out.print("Enter another prime number: ");

BigInteger q = sc.nextBigInteger(); // ..and another.

BigInteger n = p.multiply(q);

BigInteger n2 = p.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE));

BigInteger e = generateE(n2);

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BigInteger d = e.modInverse(n2); // Here's the multiplicative inverse

System.out.println("Encryption keys are: " + e + ", " + n);

System.out.println("Decryption keys are: " + d + ", " + n);

public static BigIntegergenerateE(BigIntegerfiofn) {

int y, intGCD;

BigInteger e;

BigInteger gcd;

Random x = new Random();

do {

y = x.nextInt(fiofn.intValue()-1);

String z = Integer.toString(y);

e = new BigInteger(z);

gcd = fiofn.gcd(e);

intGCD = gcd.intValue();

while(y <= 2 || intGCD != 1);

return e;

OUTPUT:
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Enter a Prime number: 5

Enter another prime number: 11

Encryption keys are: 33, 55

Decryption keys are: 17, 55

EXPERIMENT NO. 9
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Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and JavaScript.

Aim: To i mplement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and
JavaScript.

PROGRAM:

import java.math.BigInteger;

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.SecureRandom;

import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;

import javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec;

public class DiffeHellman {

public final static int pValue = 47;

public final static int gValue = 71;

public final static int XaValue = 9;

public final static int XbValue = 14;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception

{
// TODO code application logic here

BigInteger p = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(pValue)); BigInteger g = new

BigInteger(Integer.toString(gValue));
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BigIntegerXa = new

BigInteger(Integer.toString(XaValue));

BigIntegerXb = new

BigInteger(Integer.toString(XbValue));

createKey();

intbitLength = 512; // 512 bits

SecureRandomrnd = new SecureRandom();

p = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitLength, rnd);

g = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitLength, rnd);

createSpecificKey(p, g);

public static void createKey() throws Exception {

KeyPairGeneratorkpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

kpg.initialize(512);

KeyPairkp = kpg.generateKeyPair();

KeyFactorykfactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

DHPublicKeySpeckspec = (DHPublicKeySpec) kfactory.getKeySpec(kp.getPublic(),

DHPublicKeySpec.class);

System.out.println("Public key is: " +kspec);

public static void createSpecificKey(BigInteger p, BigInteger g) throws Exception

{
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KeyPairGeneratorkpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

DHParameterSpecparam = new DHParameterSpec(p, g);

kpg.initialize(param);

KeyPairkp = kpg.generateKeyPair();

KeyFactorykfactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DiffieHellman");

DHPublicKeySpeckspec = (DHPublicKeySpec) kfactory.getKeySpec(kp.getPublic(),

DHPublicKeySpec.class);

System.out.println("\nPublic key is : " +kspec);

OUTPUT:

Public key is: javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec@5afd29

Public key is: javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec@9971ad

EXPERIMENT NO. 10

Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.
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AIM: Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.

PROGRAM:

import java.security.*;

public class SHA1 {

public static void main(String[] a)

try {

MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");

System.out.println("Message digest object info: ");

System.out.println(" Algorithm = " +md.getAlgorithm());

System.out.println(" Provider = " +md.getProvider());

System.out.println(" ToString = " +md.toString());

String input = "";

md.update(input.getBytes());

byte[] output = md.digest();

System.out.println();

System.out.println("SHA1(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abc";

md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest();

System.out.println();

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System.out.println("SHA1(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest();

System.out.println();

System.out.println("SHA1(\"" +input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

System.out.println(""); }

catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("Exception: " +e);

public static String bytesToHex(byte[] b) {

char hexDigit[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

StringBufferbuf = new StringBuffer();

for (int j=0; j<b.length; j++) {

buf.append(hexDigit[(b[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]);

buf.append(hexDigit[b[j] & 0x0f]); }

returnbuf.toString(); }

OUTPUT:

Message digest object info:

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Algorithm = SHA1

Provider = SUN version 1.6

ToString = SHA1 Message Digest from SUN, <initialized> SHA1("") =

DA39A3EE5E6B4B0D3255BFEF95601890AFD80709 SHA1("abc") =

A9993E364706816ABA3E25717850C26C9CD0D89D

SHA1("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")=32D10C7B8CF96570CA04CE37F2A19D8424

0D3A89

EXPERIMENT NO. 11

Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA.

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AIM: To Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.

PROGRAM:

import java.security.*;

public class MD5

public static void main(String[] a)

// TODO code application logic here

try .

MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");

System.out.println("Message digest object info: ");

System.out.println(" Algorithm = " +md.getAlgorithm());

System.out.println(" Provider = " +md.getProvider());

System.out.println(" ToString = " +md.toString());

String input = "";

md.update(input.getBytes());

byte[] output = md.digest();

System.out.println();

System.out.println("MD5(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abc";

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md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest();

System.out.println();

System.out.println("MD5(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest();

System.out.println();

System.out.println("MD5(\"" +input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output)); System.out.println("");

catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("Exception: " +e); }

public static String bytesToHex(byte[] b) {

char hexDigit[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

StringBufferbuf = new StringBuffer();

for (int j=0; j<b.length; j++)

buf.append(hexDigit[(b[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]);

buf.append(hexDigit[b[j] & 0x0f]);

return buf.toString();
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}

OUTPUT:

Message digest object info:

Algorithm = MD5

Provider = SUN version 1.6

ToString = MD5 Message Digest from SUN, <initialized> MD5("") =

D41D8CD98F00B204E9800998ECF8427E MD5("abc") =

900150983CD24FB0D6963F7D28E17F72 MD5("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") =

C3FCD3D76192E4007DFB496CCA67E13B

MREM CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY LAB Page 39