en | | | | l | Moo CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE Torben Dahl Emai “Sbpannow eee ect Architects have always tried to mediate the natural environment and create comfortable spaces. CTD omere um enn ee Me Denner Nien ost Pear Mnen CMs m a ret uel ams han enc Rec I CANS explore the physiology and psychology of light, heat, ventilation and comfort. A central theme is Mie necromancer eae tens eRe Marois Oca one ae ose Meee eeu chee Ree Beautifuly illustrated and deeply insightful, this critical overview presents new perspectives on the power of climate to shape human habitation. Setting out the environmental basis for sustainable design, this is an essential guide for students and practitioners of architecture and urban design meee tgs Dc Rem gsc renePa a eSroeR eoCNS o-ULe ee ea SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTUREClimate and Architecture The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts School of Architecture, Institute of Architectural Technology Editor: Torben Dahl R Routledge224 64S, Climate and Architecture or: Toon Dat ‘Ths publication hasbeen tiated trowah suneart (Cae: ne Fs Maer fr Tre Danich Misty of Cue unr 25009 Ent Danelsns Fond Nanna Aton Somtenaen Teton Dat VILLUMIKANN RASMUSSEN FONDEN sa Tin stars Marta og Pal Ketrespesens Font net Manson Ku Heian Ford ‘Wins Malar he Rol Dich Acad of Fr A, Gear Rare Schon of eitaciee Nina voslan (ls Wedstrnn Insite of Architect Techoboy ‘The pees wos ora unshe by ‘ho laePatesrr So inde Gras Reteces thy and Coralie Coking oop ei Jn Maen Darinivaton the Fc Festpblahed nba by: “he yal Onis dey Fee SthootofAchitecire bias, 2008 (©The Rot Dah Academy of Fie is Seroo of Aches, int of ‘Nehtacte Tet 2008 Fist ptzohes 2010 by Rontedge 2 Pak que Miton Pak, Aengde, Oven, O14 ARN ‘Siultancous publihadin he USK and Cand by Raterae 270 Maris Avrue, Hew Yok, HY 10016 auieage san ein of he avr Fane Gove an ‘nso usinase {© 2010 Torban Dat an Tefal Dann Acdy Fae Ara, Stoo Arie Paiters "Yposot in ier by Ax Lazsou Prado Sngapare by Marono Pint Meda Pie Lis Allright recor, Nop of his book may be raped "eprouied er utisa n any fom orby ay e=tone. ‘mechancalo ohare, da know a eae information soge eto ya, what parson wet om the piers i Ltr Cataloguing Paton xa ‘atop eco forthe Baa eal om he Bish Liban, Lis of Congress Ctagingin Aubin Data ‘catalog reer has non requests bok ISBNS sTe0415.569086 es) ISBNs 2760415562093 oH)Contents Pretece Texbon Dab ‘THE ARCHITECTURAL POTENTIAL OF CLIMATE Torbon Dah ‘CLIMATE AND COMFORT Pace and Cimate Petar Serensen and Winns Fis Maller Human Comfort Tarben Dahl and Peter Sorensen ADAPTATION AND CONTROL Taditions| Clmateadapted Archtocture Georg Rotne and Nanna Abjorg Large Climate Secons Georg Rome ‘CUIMATE THEMES. Hot and Cold Torben Dahl and Eva Tina Kristensen Hurity and Prciptation Petor Sorenson Wind and Ventilation Potor Sorensen Gant and Shadow [Nanot Mathisen and Nina Votan PHYSIOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE ‘la Wedebrann Bibliography Index 13 at 37 6 a 118 12 154 157 160Preface ‘Many architecture books boast innumerable examples of now construc: ‘ion projects which in their efferent wos address tha isua of energy ‘saving and thus the highly topical issue of ciate change, The subject of loveonorgy bullings, passive solar houses, soir energy utsation and superinsuation is well documented in architectural journals and books, However, very few ate besed on an analysis of local climatic conditions 6 sc0k 19 explain tho silent knowledge accumulated over generations in ‘he may citferentarchitectual wediions ara adapted 1 climate, ‘Tho negloct of clmato as one of the Key divers in giving fry to sachitoctur has resitedin buildings today being charactased by conflict between glbalsstion’s universal architectural expression and the con- ‘textual imporatwos based on loca! cultural and climatic cantons. The edoption ofthe language ofthe ubiquitous steel er concrete framed lass box does not vary much whether the projects hotel or efie buling in London ot Kuala Lumpur. Whether looted in trical elimates where shade and cooling re desired, or in arctic climates where heating and light ae require the slutions are eeneraly dominated by the use of igh ‘energy. consuming climate contol systems, These provide fresh ai, aporo- priate levels of temperature and humidity, thereby ensuring comfrt, but {silo explit an ternative radtin basad upon mora responsive climatic design strated, Climate and Architecture addresses the architectural challenge of designing bulings, and especialy their fagaces or climate screens, in ‘1dr to xis the potential ot aal climatic condtions andthe asso lated constuction traditions, in order to save energy an give usar tho ‘means to conto! their ow inte envionment. Such an approach pro Vides the means to elevata climate a its primary poston as one ofthe ‘major influences on atchitectusl expression whist alo enriching the experience of occupying bulings. This book oxeleres the role eimate plays in shaping the architecture ‘ofthe wort, Through an examination of examples from diferent climatic regions and diferent historical periods, the authors presenta series of IMustrated and expertly argued chapters. Various themes are explored from ‘the physiology and psychology o light, hes, ventltion and comfort. The ‘emphasis upon the ‘clmata screen’ =the interactive facade between Fao. inside and out which adjusts o suit ferent weathers and seasons and personal tastes. ‘Tho book draws upon many contemporary nd historic examples to present naw perspectives on the power of clmata to shape human habitation, The aim isto provide an overview of climate a3 ons oF the primary generators in giving fm to architecture atts most fundamental level Thobookiswntton to appoato students of architect, ractisoners| {and the general public. It deals with principles andthe associated app cation in historic an contemporary erchitectura. The aim is a avoid pro- ‘somting too much techrical data this is availble elsewhere) sa thatthe encrng intraction batieen ciate andthe design of bing is uly exalored. Acknowledgements The project group wishes to express its gratitude to al the suthors and al the membors of staff who have patcpstedin the diferent stages of the project. A special word of thanks goes tour sponsors, Aase 09 Ejnar DDanilsone Fond, Begiatondon, VILLUM KANN RASMUSSEN FONDEN, ‘nud Hejgnerds Fond, Matha og Paul Kertn-Jaspeteens Fond the Danish Ministry of Culture and The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schoo! cf Architecture, fr ther supporto the project. ‘Thanks ae due to Wine Fis Maller and Comalus Coding forded ted editorial assistance, and to Jens V, Nilsen for mating Nis layout for ‘the Darish eon avaiable fr the English edition ‘Thanks are also de to Evian Edwards for his help in efning the txt after translation and fer adeing valuable views, facts and information, and 10 Alex Holingsworth at Routledge who fast-tracked the projact to completion, ‘Torben Daht ‘The Royal Danish Academy of Fire Arts, School of Architecture, Institute of Architectural TechnologyThe Architectural Potential of Climate Torben Dahl “his sinpleckmatezcee dios the worl inte ar curse, where you ae uptteted ans ‘Srpeed to cmstcerongs, naan aide wher youarerotseed ada entree ar aust {he scuretonens hat proud ron coo Human physiology enables us te determine the impact and assess the quality of ur climate suroundings. Our senses permit us ~ in en active interaction within individual parameters ~ to bath experience and interpret impressions of ciate and instantanoously contol the stato of eur bls in response to undasicd inf fences. Buldngs do net, howver, work inthis fashion. Ts highty developed human adeptability mechanism, which nits origina farm has ensurad man’s survival, good health, comfort and pleaure, isnot paid any particular attontion by the regulations, design and construction practices that con stitute the framework of modem architecture. Asa result, the indoor climates thoy ato exclude tho outside world rather than respond snd adapt to external con tions ina dynamic way. Contemporary construction legislation governs & number of aspects, based on certain extrema conditions. This apples to the laed-bearing structure, which is