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    Argentina

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    Argentina is a large South American country with a population of over 47 million. It has a long history dating back to pre-Columbian civilizations and was later colonized by Spain in the 16th century. After declaring independence in the early 19th century, Argentina experienced civil wars and instability before establishing itself as a federation. It developed into one of the wealthiest countries in the world in the early 20th century through mass immigration and agricultural exports. However, it later suffered economic troubles and political turmoil. Today it has a developing economy and is a regional power in South America.

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    Argentina

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    Argentina is a large South American country with a population of over 47 million. It has a long history dating back to pre-Columbian civilizations and was later colonized by Spain in the 16th century. After declaring independence in the early 19th century, Argentina experienced civil wars and instability before establishing itself as a federation. It developed into one of the wealthiest countries in the world in the early 20th century through mass immigration and agricultural exports. However, it later suffered economic troubles and political turmoil. Today it has a developing economy and is a regional power in South America.

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    Argentina is a large South American country with a population of over 47 million. It has a long history dating back to pre-Columbian civilizations and was later colonized by Spain in the 16th century. After declaring independence in the early 19th century, Argentina experienced civil wars and instability before establishing itself as a federation. It developed into one of the wealthiest countries in the world in the early 20th century through mass immigration and agricultural exports. However, it later suffered economic troubles and political turmoil. Today it has a developing economy and is a regional power in South America.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views6 pages

    Argentina

    Uploaded by

    blank hamada
    Argentina is a large South American country with a population of over 47 million. It has a long history dating back to pre-Columbian civilizations and was later colonized by Spain in the 16th century. After declaring independence in the early 19th century, Argentina experienced civil wars and instability before establishing itself as a federation. It developed into one of the wealthiest countries in the world in the early 20th century through mass immigration and agricultural exports. However, it later suffered economic troubles and political turmoil. Today it has a developing economy and is a regional power in South America.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Argentina

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    Jump to navigationJump to search
    For other uses, see Argentina (disambiguation).
    "The Argentine" redirects here. For other uses, see Argentine (disambiguation).
    "República Argentina" redirects here. For the metro station, see República Argentina
    (Madrid Metro).
    Coordinates: 34°S 64°W

    Argentine Republic[A]
    República Argentina (Spanish)

    Flag

    Coat of arms

    Motto:

    • "En unión y libertad"


    • ("In Unity and Freedom")

    Anthem:

    • Himno Nacional Argentino


    • ("Argentine National Anthem")

    • 3:27

    Sol de Mayo[2]
    (Sun of May)
    Argentine territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled
    territory in light green.

    Capital Buenos Aires


    and largest city 34°36′S 58°23′W

    Official languages Spanish[a]


    Recognized • Guaraní in Corrientes[3]
    regional languages • Quechua in Santiago del Estero[4]
    • Qom, Mocoví,
    and Wichí in Chaco[5]
    • Welsh in Chubut[6]

    Religion • 58.9% Christianity


    (2022) [7]
    • —48.9% Roman Catholic
    • —10.0% Other Christian
    • 39.8% No religion
    • 1.3% Other

    Demonym(s) • Argentine
    • Argentinian
    • Argentinean (uncommon)

    Government Federal Presidential Republic

    • President Alberto Fernández


    • Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
    • Chief of the Cabinet of Juan Luis Manzur
    Ministers
    • President of the Cecilia Moreau
    Chamber of Deputies
    • President of Supreme Horacio Rosatti
    Court

    Legislature National Congress

    • Upper house Senate


    • Lower house Chamber of Deputies
    Independence
    from Spain

    • May Revolution 25 May 1810


    • Declared 9 July 1816
    • Constitution 1 May 1853

    Area
    • Total 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi)[B] (8th)
    • Water (%) 1.57

    Population
    • 2022 census 47,327,407[9] (32nd)
    • Density 14.4/km2 (37.3/sq mi)[8] (214th)

    GDP (PPP) 2022 estimate


    • Total $1.207 trillion[10] (29th)
    • Per capita $26,074[10] (63th)

    GDP (nominal) 2022 estimate


    • Total $630.698 billion[10] (24th)
    • Per capita $13,622[10] (62th)

    Gini (2020) 42.9[11][12]


    medium

    HDI (2021) 0.842[13]


    very high · 47th

    Currency Argentine peso ($) (ARS)

    Time zone UTC−3 (ART)

    Date format dd/mm/yyyy (CE)

    Driving side right[b]

    Calling code +54

    ISO 3166 code AR

    Internet TLD .ar

    1. ^ Though not declared official de jure, the Spanish


    language is the only one used in the wording of
    laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and
    public acts thus making it the de facto official
    language.
    2. ^ Since 10 June 1945, but trains are still driven on
    left.
    Argentina (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾxenˈtina] ( listen)), officially the Argentine
    Republic[A] (Spanish: República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South
    America. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi),[B] making it
    the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in
    the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of
    the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered
    by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the
    South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is
    a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city,
    which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The
    provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal
    system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and
    the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica.
    The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to
    the Paleolithic period.[14] The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in
    Pre-Columbian times. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region
    during the 16th century.[15] Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of
    the Río de la Plata,[16] a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776.
    The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by
    an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's
    reorganization as a federation. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and
    stability, with several waves of European immigration, mainly Italians and Spaniards,
    radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook; over 60% of the population
    has full or partial Italian ancestry,[17][18][19] and Argentine culture has significant
    connections to Italian culture.[20]
    The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the
    seventh-wealthiest nation in the world by the early 20th century.[21][22][23] In 1896,
    Argentina's GDP per capita surpassed that of the United States[24] and was
    consistently in the top ten before at least 1920.[25][26] Currently, it is ranked 62nd in the
    world. Following the Great Depression in the 1930s, Argentina descended into
    political instability and economic decline that pushed it back into
    underdevelopment,[27] although it remained among the fifteen richest countries for
    several decades.[21] Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow
    and vice president, Isabel Perón, ascended to the presidency, before being
    overthrown in 1976. The following military junta, which was supported by the United
    States, persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists
    in the Dirty War, a period of state terrorism and civil unrest that lasted until the
    election of Raúl Alfonsín as president in 1983.
    Argentina is a regional power, and retains its historic status as a middle power in
    international affairs.[28][29][30] A major non-NATO ally of the United States,[31] Argentina is
    a developing country that ranks 46th in the Human Development Index, the second-
    highest in Latin America after Chile. It maintains the second-largest economy in
    South America, and is a member of G-15 and G20. Argentina is also a founding
    member of the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade
    Organization, Mercosur, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and
    the Organization of Ibero-American States.
    Contents

    • 1Etymology
    • 2History
    o 2.1Pre-Columbian era
    o 2.2Colonial era
    o 2.3Independence and civil wars
    o 2.4Rise of the modern nation
    o 2.5Peronist years
    o 2.6Revolución Libertadora
    o 2.7Perón's return and death
    o 2.8National Reorganization Process
    o 2.9Return to democracy
    • 3Geography
    o 3.1Biodiversity and environment
    o 3.2Climate
    • 4Politics
    o 4.1Government
    o 4.2Provinces
    o 4.3Foreign relations
    o 4.4Armed forces
    • 5Economy
    o 5.1Agriculture and natural resources
    o 5.2Industry
    o 5.3Tourism
    • 6Infrastructure
    o 6.1Transports
    o 6.2Energy
    o 6.3Science and technology
    o 6.4Media and communications
    • 7Demographics
    o 7.1Ethnography
    o 7.2Languages
    o 7.3Religion
    o 7.4Health
    o 7.5Education
    o 7.6Urbanization
    • 8Culture
    o 8.1Literature
    o 8.2Music
    o 8.3Theatre and cinema
    o 8.4Visual arts and architecture
    o 8.5Cuisine
    o 8.6Sport
    • 9See also
    • 10Notes
    • 11References
    • 12Bibliography
    o 12.1Legal documents
    o 12.2Articles
    o 12.3Books
    • 13External links
    Etymology
    The description of the region by the word Argentina has been found on
    a Venetian map in 1536.[32]
    In English, the name "Argentina" comes from the Spanish language; however, the
    naming itself is not Spanish, but Italian. Argentina (masculine argentino) means in
    Italian "(made) of silver, silver coloured", derived from the Latin "argentum" for silver.
    In Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a
    substantive and replaces it and it is said l'Argentina.
    The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venetian and Genoese
    navigators, such as Giovanni Caboto. In Spanish and Portuguese, the words for
    "silver" are respectively plata and prata and "(made) of silver"
    is plateado and prateado. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains
    legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin.[33]
    The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina,[C] a 1602
    poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region.[34] Although "Argentina"
    was already in common usage by the 18th century, the country was formally named
    "Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata" by the Spanish Empire, and "United Provinces of
    the Río de la Plata" after independence.
    The 1826 constitution included the first use of the name "Argentine Republic" in legal
    documents.[35] The name "Argentine Confederation" was also commonly used and
    was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853.[36] In 1860 a presidential decree
    settled the country's name as "Argentine Republic",[37] and that year's constitutional
    amendment ruled all the names since 1810 as legally valid.[38][D]
    In English, the country was traditionally called "the Argentine", mimicking the typical
    Spanish usage la Argentina[39] and perhaps resulting from a mistaken shortening of
    the fuller name 'Argentine Republic'. 'The Argentine' fell out of fashion during the
    mid-to-late 20th century, and now the country is referred to as "Argentina".

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