ah LO Class 12th 12. Atom Handwritten Notes UMESH RAJORIASCIENCE CAREER COACHING —yasannajecta Thomson Model of Atom Rutherford 's a- Scatterin: hited’: Big 3 Distance of Closest Approach Impact Parameter Rutherford'!s Atom Mockef Limi tation Ruther ford's Atom tonal f Bohr mock! of hydrogen Atom Radius of Bob's Stocionary Orbits Velocity of elechon fn Bohr's Stotionug orbit Frequency of eleehon in Bohr's St octionarsy Orbit Total energy ofy elector in Bohris Stodionory Lit Onigin OF Spectyal Lins Bohr's Explanation ef spectrod Series of Hydrogen citer Eneagy wel Liagram De. Brogtie’s Explancction Boln's Second “pastulede of Seadentiog Very Fmportomt Questions Near Navenigarh Bus Stand, Siker (Contact No.: $003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Ta Hy unit, we Shall discuss the models of atoms in seme cletall: The first Contribution in thy come from Dalton , who proposect thet matter 1s made of atoms, vohich are indivisible IJ. Thomson preposect a shuchue for te atom, which is moalifiea) by Rutherford and Later by Niels Bohv- Umesh Rajoria Themson Model of Atom - Accor to the Thomsen moole) event ator Consiat ofa ggg sphere ob yadius of the oroler of Io!?m in which endive mars ema pesitive change of He outtm axe Uniformly aistibutid. Tnsiole this sphanrg, the electrons ane embeded Like seads in a watamelbn.or Uke plums ina proloting, The number of electron is such thet their 1 (ve. eh 4k eguol do the positive. ch of the +» Thus the atom a elechically neutral. Limitations of Thomsen Atom moolel - (1) Tt Coukd not explain He ovigin of Spectrol series of legen and ether atoms, observecal experimentally. Ci) Tt Could not explain the ange angle scattering of a podices”: ™m thin ontded foils, a observed by Rutherford. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, ssos0ssasa «(OLSCIENCE CAREER COACHING aa apart Rutherfovel's a-ray Scattering Experiment : The experi méntal setup used by Ruther ford and his Collaborators, Gelger and Marsclen is Shown in Fe - COLLIMATOR [jj XN ‘ . LD FOIL > (10-%m thick) 4—» MOST-o fei a> __ PASS ABOUT 1in8000-a 1+” * (ROTATABLE IS REFLECTED BACK SETECTOR) S Js a piece of radioactive source (eaBi) Centorned in a ead “cavity. The cx- particles ennifed by the source Qhe Callimated info a narra beam with the help of @ Lead slit ( Collimodor)- The Collimated beam Js allowed to fall om a thin gold foil of thickness of the oxder of 21x10m. The a- partides Stottered in olifferut clivections are. observed tH & rotatable oletector Consisting of a zine sulbli Screan and a microscope: The A- ticles luce bx} lashes on the ZnS screan. ene 5 Prue gat Ee microsce and Countes! at Hi angles from the olirectin of incidence of the beam. The angle © of cteviation of an a- particle from tts original ‘clivection is cabled JAs Scattering angle. 8. Near Newalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: so0s0z4131, 930g068059 (22)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajorta Observations - ——————__ # eh 4d plolted betwen the Scotterimg angle 8 and the number of - Particles N, Scatterrd at 20 for a lange rumber of a particle, we find thot - Ci) Most of the a- cles. stra os set Hong the gold fa. It ne Huy: alo not suffer Collision with ‘oa wai. (ii) about 014% of a- Particles Statler inci * 20 40 @0 80 100 120 140 160 100 by more than YL. ‘SCATTERING ANGLE (0?) Gi) About one A- particle in ev Booo x portieles Aeftects by move than ao. wd Explanation - An particle is over To00 oon quarts than an sleaal, and in this pie particle is travelling at a high speed te (itp we Aton prea alone could have Ubge angles » Tris Led Shell do felkte that te Kea positive the atom ena be Cmeantottd In a tiny centred ee of the atm This dingy central Core of each atom was Called atomic Hudens. An a-Particle Carries two units of positive. and has mass of a helium atom, c om gold “nucleus = ze , ohne Z of gold ds 79, As gold nudeus 46 about So times heavier than an «- particle, we arsume thed at wotld remain stable. in the Seadtering Process. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 (0.3)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING iheseai tigi > the yecto of a-particde Gn be Corey eg uama. nendede Steg of motion and Coulomb force of repulsion between - particle and gold nucleus te. F 2-2, @5G4) ane ya dohwne 4s the distance 0f X- particle fom the certre of the nucleus. The mi ituole and olirecton of the force on an o- particle” cha Continuously ah ot approaches the nuctens first amd tren moves awey from dt. an 4 33 &2 a4 9<18Q ATOMIC oo a. NUCLEUS Bs" a g tt a Z a ‘ Link ts fn dliseriiption [Ss As shown in 7 on m- particle (1) tending Ato collide with the nucl! > Slow down clue to repulsive force of the nucleus, fin stops andl 43 then repelled back. This a- tele. 5 veto “ts path, Scottering ugh 180". ‘The d-particles 2 and 2! tenoling to Wit the nucdlews ot ths poraphery, experience -Shong vepulsive force ancl get sone through lange angles C8790). The &- particles Zand 2, which pass at a Aatance from the nucleus experience small repulsive forets amd get scattered trough smalt jes. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ieseot iegria > the yectory of ~-particde Gn be Corny hed uAing. eneates yoF of motion and Coulomb force of repulsion between o- particle and gold nucleus te. F 2-2 22)@4) aie ya dohne Y id the distanee of K- particle fom the certre of the nucleus. The mi ituole and olivecton of the force on an o- particle changes Continuously ah st approaches the nuctens fivat amd Hen moves awoy ag. an 3 3 —»—______>—-==--t--_-4 8<90° a & 4» Os18y ATOMIC 5 Po a. NUCLEUS a 1 2 tt a a Link Bs fe As shown in Te an m- particle (1) tending to Collide with the nuct! > Slew down clue to repulsive force of the nucleus, fin stops anal 4S then repelled back. This a- tele. 5 veto «ts path, Scottermg ugh 180". The d-particles 2 and 2! tenoling ao Wit the nudews oat ths poaphere, experience Shong vepuldive force. ancl get Monitored through lange angles C8790). The &- particles Zand 2, which pass at a Aatance from the nucleus experience small repulsive forts and get scattered through small les. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contacto. 8003028132, 9309068859 (OU)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Raforts The x-particles which pars at Lange distances fem the nucleus tr almost uncevieted. We Can Show that the number af o- Particles Scottersd per unit awa N10) eb Scattering angle @ varies Iwersely ar Sint (2): i NO) & sint(8) 2. Distance of Closest Approach- lohen %- particle id clisectec| towards He nucleus, tre Kinehc energy of a- particle gees on olccreaning and tn turn electrical p fod goes on increasing due 40 Coulomb's repulsive force between nucleus and o- particle» At a contain olatance fe from the nucleus, KE. af -pordicle reduces to cero. The particle Sto and st cannot qo. closer. 4 the nucleus. It is repelled by the nucleus and therefore, it retrace bs pth, tuning throw Bo. Tau dishme re is Known a the distane of closest Opp roach - Electrical potentiat at olittanee Yo clue to nuclens v= .Ze ANE % Porentiol Energy K- particle at distance the nucleus = hE ee x Chenge fom > = _ze PE. ares *7° Kinetic Energy of o- particle of mass m moving ‘tm went ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 OS”SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria As at the distance of Closest approach - K-€. = PE. dmv? = _2ex2e_ > AT eo%s or % = ze x2ze & Fhe (gm) Impact Parameter ( b) - Tk ws ined AA the peepescealne distance of the initial ‘velocity “1 pedicle from the tenteod Mine of wt nu Poe the particle 3k fon awe promt, the nucleus. DISTANCE (fmm) mp TARGET NUCLEUS When the im cA parameter. iB Jonge > an A- particle will clues thro! @& much smaller angk- Bose whunr impact 4k Amal , foree experienced aa fk and the a- particle til scatter meg dango angle. a colculoted amalyti the rvelotion behweon the impact parameter b and Scatiering angle 8, which 4b given by b = gig Sette | fee dev] Near Nawaigarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859: 26SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Ruther forels frtom Model — CL.) Every atom Consist ofa ding Cembral Core, oe the Steen. Cle in which te entire positive. charge. o most entire mars of the atom ane Concentrateol. @) The size of the nucleus i of Hae ordi of 160m twohich Js Amal as Comparsol tr the size of the atom whith is of the ovolr of 1d!?’m. @) The ogfomic nucleus is a number of elechons. As etom iA electric: neutral, the toto} negocive change of electrons Aumounding the nucleus id equa} to tote positive change on the nucleus, Umesh Rajoria 4.) These elechons revolve around the nucleus in Various cireuler orbits. The cextripeted force required) by elechon for revolution Js provicled by the electrostecdic force of attraction between eechons and the nuclencs. Energy of the electron in ovbit Let Fe > Certripetal foree required) do Kup a reine electron im orbit Fe = electrostatic force of. athaction behwen the revolving elechon and the nucleus then for a namicolly stuble. orbit in @ hgcheogen ed eet Fe = OR mv>._e-e mae 2 + anes 7? = Shar KE» of the electron in the omit = Lmyv> ~ 2 Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, sikar Contact No.: 8003024132, 9309068859 (07)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Hence KE =e? BNE Y Potential energy of elechon in orbit— - €Ce) ~ _-e2 4nGyr 4Te.r + Total energy of elechon in huyohagen atom — E+ KE tU -e «_e _ er BlenY 4ILEoe “ anew BMEor Hence the sotal energy of election in orbit of dy! atom is Toby ores tre electon is boun do the nudeux “Le. the elechon +4 not free to Leave the orbit around the nucleus. Limitation ef Rutherford Atom Model- (ap) Accorcling Ao the Classical Em rg: the, saa Qleehens must ‘yaoliodr ensray in the fom of EM Woves. As venolving ekchon Loses energy Continuously . tt nnust is spivod inwards and finally falf into the nucleus» but as” mathr id Atable, we Cannot expect the atoms to Callapse- Gi) As the tenolving elections spiral inwards, Heir on velocities “amd hence their frequencies of vexplution wowld chemge Cordinuowaly » Therefore, fresieincy of EM Waves emitted must change Continuously. ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No sons24ia1, ssq006amsa (OO)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Jmesh Rajoria Thurefore , etoms should emit continuous spectrum but we observe ony a dine spechun. Bohy Model of Hyelvogen Atom - Trew ore three basje postulates of thig mod— (1) Every atom Consist of & cenhal core Calleol nucleus, In which entire positive charge and almost entive mass of the atom ane concentrated. A suitedble. number of -elechoons revolve anound the nucleus In cive ovbits. The cenhipetal fore required for revolution is provided by the Bechrostatic force of attraction between the Elect and the nucleus. Certripetel fore = Elechtstatic force of atfraction mv> =. 1 (zedce) r 45 rt oo mv . Kzer k= Yaneo = a zeLl @) A ceorcling 4o Bohr, elechon can sevolve in certain “cliserets non radiating orbits , Stodionaty orbits, for Which trtal argubr momadun of the Awolvin eleetron Ib an integral mutfiple. of Wan, whe hb uu plank's Constant. Thus the @ momentum of 4 orbiting electron 44 Quantised; mur = nh n= 12,3... Here vl vd Calleol principle Puantum numba, * The ehecton, while revolving. in such ovbits, Shell not dose eng Ce. sts enngy woudl & Constant. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003026131, 9309068859. LE}SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘imesh tail (2) The emission / absorption of Ewe oceans when an electon jumps fom one Bs bys fed non - vacliating orbit 40° another . ai a the total enorpy of elechon Meter! loge absorbec| when’ the elechon jumps from an immer. 40 an outer, orbit and eau Gs eketon jumps —_ outer, to the inner orbit- racliohinn emitted on WAL VY Is the $reg equinty of 3a Jumping from outer do’ tamer orbit of enmgy E, ond — respectively. Radius of Gchr's stationary Orbits— We Know taf for Atodiona orbits - mvy = mh > Vv = th_ 27 2m mr By puting the value of v in mv> = Kze? d r = > mm we = Kze2 > 5 qicem r= Kee r= th for hydrogen atom 47 mke* ad om ran> It shows to} — Hence the raclius of Stodionarny orbits ane in the yatio 13 2:SF: and so on ie Liysg. Cleanly tine Stationary, orbits ane not equally spaced. @q SUBSCRIBE NOW (Near Nawatgarh Bus Stand, SikarSCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘tines jocia Velocity of electron in Gohy's Stationary Ovbit - As we Know that - _mv> = Kze? ¥v rh ov vy = Kze? — 1) my* and also y zonh_ —— 1G) amv by equation U) and @) we get- Kze> . nh 2 2tkzer mve army OY ERS for hyohagen atom, 2 =1 v =_2mke> nh As vows hence the orbital velocity of electron In outer orbits jy smaller as comparsol do ats value in the inner orbits Frequency of electron in Bohr's Statiomary orbit - Tt 48 the number of revolutions Complete! por. second by the ebecton in a station orbit, around. the nucleus. It ia represented by v. As vc rw = yr(anv) pe = 2Mkze% = Kzer Pad nh: 27r nhr > | ve Ke eel Th frequency of election in subsequent i. stodimary orbits is smalla as vi « Contact No.: 8003024131, sa09068e59 (11) Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, SikarSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Total Energy of electron in Gohr's Stationary Orbit Kinetic energy of election cevolving in a stationny orbit is - a a K€. of electron = dmv? = Kze [* ~~ kee Potential energy Of elechon = Potendial x Change P.E. of electron = Kze,x(-e) = —Kze> ¥ Tote enerey of electron tn the orbit ~ E = KE. + PE. Ee: Lkze? _ Rze* = ~Kze? 2° ¥ 2 by pubtti y= nth we - d "4 4m? m kee at Es - 20m 2e+ we by Substibating the. standarol valuss, we ge = -i16 Sew] eh Hence the tota) enngy of elechon in a -stati orbit a ive, Which means thet the electron Is to the Unuckus amd Js not free to Leave it: Ko when n=t then this sate of dowert enngy of the atom ub Coble! ground stoke. Tre enngy of this state i FE, = -13-6 ey: * Therefore, the minimum enngy required to free the electron from the ground Stak of hydrogen adm id itev. This 2 Called fonisoblon eneray of; hydrogen atom. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING iiesoail agora * As n imereases, the value of negative energy clecreases be energy Jd progresiv Joager rm the outer ovbits. sd 3 “Y Origin of Spectral Lines — At room Lumperotue, most of the hydrogen atoms one in und stot. When a vo “al Qeniver erurgy by proasses Auch as eléchi'n Collisions or heot, the St require. suffident to yaise the election Jo hegher @ state bee from nel do nea, 3,4,.--- The atom Sb Phen Said tv be in an excited Stoke - Ez —> PHOTON Y Ay From ture excited stata, the elechon can fall back 40 a state of Lower and emitting a photon Cr. enagy (= difference in entagicn of the Let E, and €, ane the otal enw ga ob elechon in the Inner ond ater orbit respectively. when an elechon jumps pom an outer to an inner orbit , the enrgy of radiation emitted sa Giren by - hv = €,-6, hv = _27?mkK et Fa [ae ne he = _2anmeetet Fi a r nro om ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Slikar Contact No.: 8003024131, ssosnesas3 (1>]SCIENCE CAREER COACHING a bx A . _antmeete® Ti _ A ch nro Now K=d, where VY Us the wave numba of yadiation emitted i-e- number of Complete wave in unit Langth. ond arimie® = R — (Rydberg Constant ) ca or R = 1.087 x10" mt rn] Above. equation Js called Rydberg formula for the Spectrum of hychogen odem. Hence For buydrogen BL * By above formula ut 4a clan that wovelength / Sfouneies joie numbers of radiations emitted by the excited hychogan atom one net Continuons. Tag have. specific valu chpending upon the Vdd of Sn; and no. * Frequancy of radiation emitted chen te atom maker transition from he higher enn gy Stote rd to the Lower energy Atods (ni) —SCIENCE GAREER COACHING mesh Rajora [Q) Find the watio of enngies af photons procuad SE due. 0 tramition ef am ekcton of huphogen oct from ths (4) Setond pamittess nara Level 40 the first Luvel (62 the helghust peumittesl’ enegy, Ave] to He fivst permitted Level. . Sel. (ad Energy of Phot releasred = E,-E; = -3y4 — (-13-6) =lo.2ev (©) The heighest permitted energy Lue fo the fivat peemrtt Lovet = Ex- € = © - (-136) = IBéev Rodkko °k energies + Phot = 102 = 3 13-6 4 @ What 4s the ratio of racius of the ovhits eee Corresponeling to pest excited stots and ground State in a hyelrogen otem 7 Sol for fivst excited Stile n a a Stok occurs for n 2 1 non y an® Hence Tt cfm S (2) tT a L Hie = 4:1 TRe radius of innermost efecto orbit of cee yeh atom is S.3K1e im, What is the meius of it in He Second excited stot 7 Sel The radius of atm whose Principle quantum number Gd v1, Gs given Y= nt Hoe % Gs Yadius of Pnermost (n=!) orbrt . Fer second exdted state n=2 Y= (3% %5-3x10! = 4.77 x10! m, ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Stkar ‘Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 1SSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Bohr's Explanation of spectral series of Hydvegen Atom - lohen an atomic. ov vapour at tow Pressure 4s excited us bg ing. on electric. camer tree ob, the / we emits yadiations of cerlain Specific wa only. This Kind of spectum Js calla “Line emission Spectrum" and it consists of 4 few bright Aunts on @ clark background. Hydrogen gas discharge tube 410nm = =434nm 468m 656nm when the white Li 44 parsed though the Same [Vapour we observe @ ‘bri i ka une crossecf by a dark Lina sit ing the missi pa ora twavelensth s oe absocbest by gas: They form a& “Line absoption spechum’ It wars foun that mi'ssi wavelengths dee the Some se wavelength palsert in“ the emission spectrum of the. gas / vapour. Bohr ve hid theory 0 Ahm about spectral cote which he oh Marhegen experimentally by. voriows Acientists. Bohr offers a tHeoreticas expkration of thee. spectro} series a follows : Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 Ce)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ideas pin 1. Lyman Series — Bohr postulatis that Lyman seriet ia obtained when an electron jumps do the first orbit (n,=1) from ang outer orbit (nas 2,3,4....) Wave numbers © ctral Jinw o an Series were Calculated 4 fe “mn There values oF ye Lie in the “ultra violet region” of the Spectrum. 2. Galmer Series - Accercling 40 Rohr, Balmer Aeries 13 obtameol when an elehon jumps to the seconel orbit (N,=2) from ony outer. orbit (M2 = 3,4,5,---. Wave number of thue spectyol Lines were Caleultedd ah - Berl a-& (ni= as----) TWA Set of Spectral lines Lie in the visible part of the spectrum. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, ssosossasa = [17]SCIENCE CAREER COACHING a 3. Paschen Series — According 40 Bohr, poschan series “a obtedned when an electron jumps to He Srl Orbit (m= 3) from any outer orbit (nz = 4,546,---)- Bohr calculated the wave number of spectra} Airer of Paschen series from the relotion: Gen) The value ok Lie in the infrared region of the spectrum. 4. Brackett Series- According 40 Bohr, Brackett Series is obtained when am elechon jumps Jo the 4th orbit C= 4) fom omy. outer, Orbit (= S)6,7---) Wave number] YF = r[ 4 ~#] (ue i615) Brackett series Wor Niscoverscl In the infrerved reqion of the Spectrum, S- Pfune Series - According. Ae Bohr Pfimdl senies- 44 obtained When om elechon jumps to the St! orbit (n,<25) from any outer. orbit (n= 6,7,8,---) Wave number ve =e[ Se = 4] Ng 6,7 Byer Pfund Seder Was chisceverd| in the infared region of the spettum, Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.; 8003024131, 9309088858 (LESCIENCE CAREER COACHING Energy Level Diagram — A hea which represents the doted foes of electron in different ghedienn orbits eof om atom ja Collect the energy eh obiageram In thu olla. m, total ies of elechon in various atectio my orbits ane represented by the poralle! horizontal Lines drawn according 46 Some Sutrtable energy scale Toted enngqy of electron in nth orbit of Wyoleogen wy AA Umesh Rajoria E Putting N= 1, 2\3,---- We gt the energies of elechrons in Various Ato oak Orbits as? e -I36 2 Ly, -I3- E| Se ieeevy 5 ete a6 = -sSyey Eye IBC. 2 oy = 136 = ~o. 3 az TSIEN > Ey = aS = -O-BS ev - 36 2.6. = 136 2 -o Ee = TEE =-os4 ew E, = HE = -oarev ch OS n increases’ Em becamea Ls negachive. until Nzo , Enso. f The ed devel cliagram Gs shown fn fer dio otom.~ The het £ enagy tee Beereipendal dp N= % and has aon Es 0u, This da the of the atom, when the dechon is wemoyed (r= 0) from the nucleus and the electron is at resl- Link ts fin cliseription Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Siar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 (19)' = 60 U 1 t U fl fl U Ul fl U 1 t it f Ht a t g i Bul $ H a3 A sla =| a|g t sit 3 23999 7 vane © bum -2-0;— Paschen series n=2 Balmer series Energy (eV) ——~> $ —10-0 |— 11-0 — 412-0 — ~13-0 -— -14-0 4 Lyman series ned * As n Increases enrrgies of the excited state Come Closer to : TQ) calculate Hur waveltnath of Ha Line (nz 3) ce in Bolmue series of hydro, atom, Gren Rydberg Constamt Rs 2-037 x107 mH Sel; For Galmer Acrles, wavelen 4s aiven by. re ey ath: Ak gto by 2 nm for Hx Ling 22-3, So that # 77h 4 + = 3.097 Alo ao ar 4: = os2y x10” a A s—4___ = ~esean® O1S2U K}o' Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Siar Contact No-: 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria A) Photons , with a Covciinupusr va: of es Ped ane made to par thro 91 Sample. of hyctogan The transitions = Shoum ihe, inclicoke. a oe the Spectyrol absorption Lines in the Continuous spectrum. ° neeo nes ney -2 = nea x n=2 (ev) ~4 —-<é -s I S18) m1 n=Lb (Ad Tolentify the ctral sextes the roger emacs gsc, 2 which ok onal ee Lints Covvesporeds. Ub) Which of these Lines Corresponds 40 the absorption of radiation ef maximum wavelength 2 sol. Sel Ca) Est spectrum Yepresent Lyman Series because. in this Spectrum, elechon jumps $M N=el so ne2. Dncl Spectrum epresent Balmar Serica because Inn this Spechum, electron jumps fem n=2 4 n=3. ' Tred Spectrum yveprssents foschen Series as the electon jumps prom n=% sto n=4 in this Spectrum. Cb) Spectred Line IE ( Paschen Series) © to ‘the absorption of radiation of Maximum punvelenpth. ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘ies tcipat 1G) GD The energy duvels of an atom ane Shown ae in Fig: vahich OF Haan will resutt Tn the > emission of a photon of wavelength 275 nm? Ub ) pdhich tramition Cervesponds to emission of Yadiation ef maximum wavelength ? A ow £ > -2ewv 45K Loew Sek (@) When A= 2ISNMmM = 27sxKioIM Hen es hy she = 66 x1534x 3x10% a 21S KIS? e&= aS ev + Transition B will reautt in the emission of photon of Az 2Isnm,. (6) Maximum wavelength has minimum Transition A provides @rengy of 2, cohicl Jd rimimoum,. De Brogtie's Expknation of Behr's Secord “postulate of Quantization The Second postulete of Bohr model says that Momerctum of electron orbiting aeound the nucleus 4s quartized le. mvy = th tohtre Me 1,2,3..4 Lowy Ae Broglie expainec! tis purele- Accoroling to de Broglie , the eledan inits arcu orbit, a propose! by” Bohr, must be Sean as a particle wave. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859 22)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria We Know thet cohen a Shing fixed at tuo ends Js plucked , a number of wavelen ane excited. But o those “waves Which have nodes ot the two erels fram the Stoncling waves and Survive. It means that in a sees standing weves po when fotol cistance trovellicol by a wave down the Ating and back is any. bndeger ‘musth ple. of the war Ss tutth oth wavi Ss inter} eve With them selves it reflection and ir antes vanish ot Hence, accoreling fo ole Bro gies @ station. orbrt is that which Cacia ats number oer “af de Broglie waves assouatecl with the ving. electron, For an electron revolving in nt cirewtar orbit of Yocius Y, for ‘the. Permissible oxbit , ane =m Aceordt ‘ = ceovding to ole Broglie A a dohtre V id Speecl of okctam revolving in ri orbit any = th > mv mvr = ah zt Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024134, 9309068859 (23)SCIENCE CAREER COACHING mash tain Hence om: momentum s} elechon revolving in nth orbit “must be an integral multiple. of her, which Js the quand Cencliton proposes by Bel in setond postulate. Limitation of Behv's Theory - C1.) Tria theory is icoble 40 only Simplest atom Like hydrogen, with 221. The thdty fails In Case of odoms of otttr elonunts for chic ze. @.) Tae theory ozs not explain tohy orbits of elechons ane. taken a4 circular, while ellipHeal orbits are also possible - @.) Bohr's theo eloes not si a ang about tHe relodive tadertabites of specttal “ge +) Bohr's theory dots not take into account the wave properties of electrons,SCIENCE CAREER COACHING eunaes Very Important Questions L Mev Questions- QL. Waite the expremsion fer Bhor's vackius hartengen avin: Cpetnt 2010, 01) Q@.2. Stede Bhor's quartisation cendition for aN hehe bits. afining -s adionory ones ous , avaresd -4-Sev -loev le) which of Ham unll reautt In the -hansition of a photon of wavelength 21s nm 2? ®) which transition Corresponds yo emission of radiation of maximum wav 2 Answer: (a) transition B Cease ool; 03) (> transition A. Qu (a) Using pestulotes of Bhor's theory of hyctrogen atom, shaw that — G) The taclius ef oxbits increase as n> Gi) The total energy of the elechon increases Ob Afm™ vohae n id the pAincipal quantum number of the atm. (b> Coleubte the wavelength of Ha dine in Balmer series of hydrogen atm, given that Ryclberg Constant = 4:097 «107 m™- AmAwer— (6) A = 6863 AY ‘(Case 2002, 06) Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024134, 9309068859 [OLY|