Check Your Understanding

2π(40.0)−0 rad/s
10.1 a. 40.0 rev/s –
= 2π(40.0) rad/s α = , Δω

Δt
=
20.0 s
= 2π(2.0) = 4.0π rad/s
2
;
b. Since the angular velocity increases linearly, there has to be a constant acceleration throughout
the indicated time. Therefore, the instantaneous angular acceleration at any time is the solution to
4.0π rad/s .
2

7000.0(2π rad)
10.2 a. Using Equation 10.11, we have 7000 rpm =
60.0 s
= 733.0 rad/s,
733.0 rad/s
;
ω−ω0 2
α = = = 73.3 rad/s
t 10.0 s

b. Using Equation 10.13, we have

2 2 2
ω −ω 0−(733.0 rad/s)
2 2 0
ω = ω + 2αΔθ ⇒ Δθ = = 2
= 3665.2 rad
0 2α 2(73.3 rad/s )

(5.0−0)rad/s
10.3 The angular acceleration is α =
20.0 s
= 0.25 rad/s
2
. Therefore, the total angle that
the boy passes through is
2 2 2
ω −ω (5.0) −0
Δθ =
2α
0
=
2(0.25)
= 50 rad .
Thus, we calculate
s = rθ = 5.0 m(50.0 rad) = 250.0 m .

10.4 The initial rotational kinetic energy of the propeller is

.
1 2 1 2 2 5
K0 = Iω = (800.0 kg-m )(4.0 × 2π rad/s) = 2.53 × 10 J
2 2

At 5.0 s the new rotational kinetic energy of the propeller is

Kf = 2.03 × 10 J .
5

and the new angular velocity is

−−−−−−−−−
5
2(2.03 × 10 J)
ω = √ 2
= 22.53 rad/s
800.0 kg-m

which is 3.58 rev/s.

10.5 Iparallel-axis = Icenter of mass + md

2
= mR
2
+ mR
2
= 2mR
2

10.6 The angle between the lever arm and the force vector is 80°; therefore,
r⊥ = 100m(sin80°) = 98.5 m . The cross product τ ⃗ = r ⃗  × F
⃗ 
gives a negative or clockwise
torque. The torque is then τ = −r⊥ F = −98.5 m(5.0 × 10
5
N) = −4.9 × 10 N ⋅ m .
7

20.0(2π)rad/s−0
10.7 a. The angular acceleration is α =
10.0 s
= 12.56 rad/s
2
. Solving for the torque,
we have ∑ τi 2
= I α = (30.0 kg ⋅ m )(12.56 rad/s ) = 376.80 N ⋅ m
2
; b. The angular
i
0−20.0(2π)rad/s
acceleration is α =
20.0 s
= −6.28 rad/s
2
. Solving for the torque, we have
2 2
∑ τi = I α = (30.0 kg-m )(−6.28 rad/s ) = −188.50 N ⋅ m

10.8 3 MW

Conceptual Questions
1. The second hand rotates clockwise, so by the right-hand rule, the angular velocity vector is
into the wall.

3. They have the same angular velocity. Points further out on the bat have greater tangential
speeds.

5. straight line, linear in time variable

7. constant

9. The centripetal acceleration vector is perpendicular to the velocity vector.

11. a. both; b. nonzero centripetal acceleration; c. both

13. The hollow sphere, since the mass is distributed further away from the rotation axis.

15. a. It decreases. b. The arms could be approximated with rods and the discus with a disk. The
torso is near the axis of rotation so it doesn’t contribute much to the moment of inertia.

17. Because the moment of inertia varies as the square of the distance to the axis of rotation. The
mass of the rod located at distances greater than L/2 would provide the larger contribution to
make its moment of inertia greater than the point mass at L/2.

19. magnitude of the force, length of the lever arm, and angle of the lever arm and force vector

21. The moment of inertia of the wheels is reduced, so a smaller torque is needed to accelerate
them.

23. yes

25. |r|⃗  can be equal to the lever arm but never less than the lever arm

27. If the forces are along the axis of rotation, or if they have the same lever arm and are applied
at a point on the rod.

Problems
29. ω =
2π rad

45.0 s
= 0.14 rad/s

2
2 (3.0 m/s)
31. a. θ =
s

r
=
3.0 m

1.5 m
= 2.0 rad ; b. ω =
2.0 rad

1.0 s
= 2.0 rad/s ; c. v

r
=
1.5 m
2
= 6.0 m/s .

0 rad/s−10.0(2π) rad/s
33. The propeller takes only Δt =
Δω

α
=
−2.0 rad/s
2
= 31.4 s to come to rest, when
the propeller is at 0 rad/s, it would start rotating in the opposite direction. This would be
impossible due to the magnitude of forces involved in getting the propeller to stop and start
rotating in the opposite direction.

35. a. ω ; b. α dω 2
= 25.0(2.0 s) = 50.0 rad/s = = 25.0 rad/s
dt
37. a. ω = 54.8 rad/s ;
b. t = 11.0 s

39. a. 0.87 rad/s2 ;

b. θ = 12,600 rad

41. a. ω = 42.0 rad/s ;

b. θ = 220 rad ; c.
vt = 42 m/s

2
at = 4.0 m/s

43. a. ω = 7.0 rad/s ;

b. θ = 22.5 rad ; c. at = 0.1 m/s

45. α = 28.6 rad/s

2
.

47. r = 0.78 m

49. a. α = −0.314 rad/s

2
,
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−
b. ac ; c. a
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 197.4 m/s = √ac + a = √197.4 + (−6.28) = 197.5 m/s
t

θ = tan
−1 −6.28

197.4
= −1.8° in the clockwise direction from the centripetal acceleration vector

51. ma = 40.0 kg(5.1 m/s2 ) = 204.0 N

The maximum friction force is μS N = 0.6(40.0 kg)(9.8 m/s2 ) = 235.2 N so the child does
not fall off yet.

vt = rω = 1.0(2.0t) m/s

2 2
v
53.
(2.0t)
t 2 2
ac = = = 4.0t m/s
r 1.0 m

dω 2
at (t) = rα(t) = r = 1.0 m(2.0) = 2.0 m/s .
dt

Plotting both accelerations gives

The tangential acceleration is constant, while the centripetal acceleration is time dependent, and
increases with time to values much greater than the tangential acceleration after t = 1s. For times
less than 0.7 s and approaching zero the centripetal acceleration is much less than the tangential
acceleration.

55. a. K = 2.56 × 1029 J;

b. K = 2.68 × 1033 J

57. K = 434.0 J

59. a. vf = 86.5 m/s;

b. The rotational rate of the propeller stays the same at 20 rev/s.

61. K = 3.95 × 10
42
J

63. a. I = 0.315 kg ⋅ m2 ;
b. K = 621.8 J

65. I =
7

36
mL
2

67. v = 7.14 m/s.

69. θ = 10.2°

71. F = 30 N

73. a. 0.85 m (55.0 N) = 46. 75 N ⋅ m ; b. It does not matter at what height you push.

75. m2 =
4.9 N⋅m

9.8(0.3 m)
= 1.67 kg

77. τnet = −9.0 N ⋅ m + 3.46 N ⋅ m + 0 − 3.38 N ⋅ m = −8.92 N ⋅ m

79. τ = 5.66 N ⋅ m

81. ∑ τ = 57.82 N ⋅ m

83. r ⃗  × ⃗ 
F = 4.0 î + 2.0 ĵ − 16.0k̂N ⋅ m

85. a. τ = (0.280 m)(180.0 N) = 50.4 N ⋅ m ; b. α = 17.14 rad/s

2
;
c. α = 17.04 rad/s2

87. τ = 8.0 N ⋅ m

89. τ = −43.6 N ⋅ m

91. a. α = 1.4 × 10−10 rad/s2 ;

b. τ = 1.36 × 1028 N-m; c. F = 2.1 × 10
21
N

93. a = 3.6 m/s

2
95. a. a = rα = 14.7 m/s
2
; b. a =
L

2
α =
3

4
g

97. τ =
P

ω
=
2.0 × 10 W

2.1 rad/s
= 9.5 × 10 N ⋅ m
5

99. a. K = 888.50 J ;
b. Δθ = 294.6 rev

101. a. I = 114.6 kg ⋅ m2 ;
b. P = 104,700 W
−−−
103. v = Lω = √3Lg

105. a. a = 5.0 m/s

2
; b. W = 1.25 N ⋅ m

Additional Problems
107. Δt = 10.0 s

109. a. 0.06 rad/s2 ; b. θ = 105.0 rad

111. s = 405.26 m

113. a. I = 0.363 kg ⋅ m2 ;
b. I = 2.34 kg ⋅ m2
−−− −− −
115. ω = √
6.68 J
2
= 1.23 rad/s
4.4 kgm

117. F = 23.3 N

119. α 190.0 N-m 2

= = 64.4 rad/s
2
2.94 kg-m

Challenge Problems
121. a. ω = 2.0t − 1.5t
2
; b. θ = t
2
− 0.5t
3
; c. θ = −400.0 rad ; d. the vector is at
−0.66(360°) = −237.6°

123. I =
2

5
mR
2

125. a. ω = 8.2 rad/s ; b. ω = 8.0 rad/s