COMPARATIVE

1 MODELS IN POLICING

Prepared by Prof. ROY E. ESTILLERO, JD, MPA, RCrim, CCS, CSP, CSI, CST, CSMS

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each
item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY
NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

MULTIPLE CHOICE: CHOOSE THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE.

1. A court system where the accused is guilty until proven innocent.

A. Adversarial B. Inquisitorial
C. Common Law D. Civil law

2. A court system where the accused is innocent until proven guilty.

A. Adversarial B. Inquisitorial
C. Common Law D. Civil law

3. Formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
A. Stamford Raffles B. Lee Hsien Loong
C. Francis James Bernard D. Halimah Jacob

4. In Japan Police Force, it is the highest rank in the system, the chief of Metropolitan Police
Department.
A. Commissioner General B. Superintendent General
C. Chief Superintendent D. Corporal

5. Sometimes referred to as mutual assistance or judicial assistance, is the formal process by

which States or jurisdictions seek and provide assistance in the investigation or prosecution of
criminal offenses, and in judicial proceedings related to criminal matters
A. Extradition B. Mutual Legal Assistance
C. evaluation system D. Transfer of Sentenced Persons

6. Created pursuant to Republic Act No. 2705

A. Philippine Central Bank B. Central Authority
C. Philippine Central Authority D. Philippine Central Authorization

7. In the Hong Kong Police Force we have the Commissioner General, how about the Philippine
National Police?
A. DILG Director B. Police General
C. Major General D. Secretary of Defense

8. It refers to a package of transnational flow of people, production, investment, information,

ideas and authority.
A. Transnationalization B. internationalization - making something international

C. inter-border D. globalization

9. It refers to specifically to transnational crime carried out by organized crime organizations.

A. Transnational crime B. Transnational Organized Crime
C. Organized crime gangs (mafia, syndicate, gang) D. Organized Criminal - profit illicit activity

10. In US, the country sheriff for each county is chosen through?
A. referendum B. at the general election
C. appointment by governor D. elimination

11. Policing in the United States is divided in these broad categories except
A. Federal agencies - FBI B. State agencies
C. County agencies D. City agencies.

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12. It is a type of policing that addresses problems concerning cultural relations, to mitigate
acts of discrimination and improve police officers’ understanding of racial and ethnic diversity in the
communities they serve.
A. Multicultural Policing B. Administrative Policing
C. Community Policing D. Cultural Policing

13. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing
system. It was formed on 1 May 1844.
A. Singapore Police B. Japan Police
C. Hong Kong Police D. Switzerland Police

14. Is an agency of the European Union dealing with judicial co-operation in criminal matters
among agencies of the member states. It is seated in The Hague, Netherlands.
A. Europe B. Eurojust European Union Agency for Criminal Justice

C. Europol D. Eurorasia

15. The head of PNP has a rank of Police General. What is the highest rank in Hongkong?
A. Police Chief B. Commissioner general
B. Police Inspector general D. Commissioner

16. The primary duty of this group is to protect the emperor of Japan and its family.
A. Imperial Police B. Imperial guard
C. Imperial security D. Imperial agency

17. Japan Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to 1945.
A. Junsa B. Keibu
C. Keishi D. Keihoryo

18. It is the law enforcement agency of the European Union (EU) formed in 1998 to handle criminal

intelligence and combat serious international organised crime and terrorism through
cooperation between competent authorities of EU member states
A. Europe Union B. EUROPOL
C. INTERPOL D. Eurasia

19. First woman President of the INTERPOL.

A. Lea Michelle B. Jurgen Stock
C. Mireille Ballestrazzi D. Mireille Mathieu

20. Organized the first formal policing in China.

A. Japanese Colonial Government B. Korean Colonial Government
C. Hongkong Colonial Government D. Taiwan Colonial Government

21. What is the highest rank in Indonesia police force

A. Police General B. Commissioner
C. Inspector General D. Commissioner General

22. What is the lowest rank in Hong Kong?

A. Police B. First Bhayangkara
C. Patrolman D. Police constable

23. What is the lowest rank in Indonesia police force?

A. Watch B. Second Bhayangkara
C. Constable D. Police constable

24. Which police organization applies the “iron fist, exercise of power in an oppressive or ruthless
way.
velvet glove” (gentleness and courtesy) in the enforcement of law?
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A. Switzerland Police B. Japan Police

C. Ireland Police D. Egypt Police

25. What type of democratic policing does Japan have compare to U.S?
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these

26. This is the type of system which is extremely decentralized and one of its characteristics is
having numerous police agencies.
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these

27. Which of the following country that both national and local governments share control:
A. Great Britain B. France
C. Belgium D. Philippines

28. This is a country that has a single system of law administration of justice and servants of the
republic rather than local governments.
A. Philippines B. Germany
C. France D. United States

29. The oldest police agency in France.

A. Police Nationale B. Gendarmerie
C. Police Judiciare D. Surete - Safety

30. In the system of the Public Safety Commissions of Japan, The person who has the
jurisdiction over the National Public Safety Commissions is the?
A. Minister of state B. Prime Minister
C. Commissioner General D. Prefectural Governor

31. Canada’s intelligence gathering policy involving the stopping, questioning, and documenting of
individuals when no particular offence is being investigated.
A. Intelligence-led policing B. De-policing
C. Community policing D. Carding or Community Contacts Policy

32. A progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the
fight against 21st century crime.
A. German Police B. Australian Federal Police
C. Singapore Police D. Switzerland Police

33. Police Brigadier General is the rank of the head of Manila Police District while the head of the
Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
A. Superintendent Colonel B. Chief Superintendent
C. Superintendent General D. Lieutenant General

Commissioner General - highest rank of police in Japan

34. The motto of Royal Malaysian Police

A. Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah B. To Protect and To Serve
C. Tegas Selamat Datang D.We Serve with Pride and Care

35. This is the kind of policing system where police control is under direct control of the
national government:
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these

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36. It is the police association in South East Asia

A. ASEAN B. INTERPOL
C. ASEANAPOL D. APEC

37. They are distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate or retrain people into fulfilling
their responsibilities to the state.
A. common law system B. civil law system
C. islamic system D. socialist system or Marxist-Leninist

38.  Is an agency of the European Union dedicated to training law enforcement officials. The
institution was founded in 2000 and adopted its current legal mandate on 1 July 2016. It is based in
Budapest, Hungary.
A. Europian Union B. CEPOL or European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training
C. Europol D. OLAP

39. Conflicts are resolved by a tribunal council, and there are no jails and prisons. This type of
society is an excellent example of the folk-communal or informal justice system.
A. Congo Police B. Egypt Police
C. Ireland Police D. Switzerland Police

40. In India it is a society that has few laws and has special law enforcement officials that
specifically enforce religious regulations. It is referred as what?
A. urban–commercial society B. folk-communal society
C. urban-industrial society D. bureaucratic society

41. First woman President of the INTERPOL.

A. Olive Dressler B. Jürgen Stock
C. Johann Schober D. Mireille Ballestrazzi

42. Progress comes along with rising expectations. People at the bottom develop unrealistic
expectations while people at the top don’t see themselves rising fast enough. What theory
describes this?
A. demographic theory B. deprivation theory
C. modernization theory D. anomie theory

43. A community driven policing strategy designed that aims to bridge the gap between the police
force and the citizens.
A. Predictive policing B. De-policing
C. Problem oriented policing D. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS)

44. Crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and overpopulation in urban areas
such as slums. What theory best describes this?
A. modernization theory B. alertness to crime theory
C. economic theory D. opportunity theory

45. It is the world’s largest international police organization

A. ASEANAPOL B. Worldwide Police
C. INTERPOL D. Global Police

46. It is a subfield of the study of criminal justice that compares systems worldwide. Such study can
take a descriptive, historical, or political approach. It studies the difference and similarities in the
structures, goals, punishment, and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political
structure of different system.
A. International Criminal Justice B. Criminal Justice System
C. Comparative Criminal Justice D. Criminal Procedure

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47. The largest police force in the United States

A. Boston Police Department B. Pennsylvania State Police
C. Los Angeles Police Department D. New York Police Department

48. When poor person commits a crime, the government goes to work analyzing the family,
education and employment needs of everyone in that poor person’s family. It is referring to?
A. Congo Police B. Egypt Police
C. Ireland Police D. Switzerland Police

49. Police forces have formed a unit solely for covert policing operations. One of the forces that
makes extensive use of surveillance-led policing is Greater London's Metropolitan Police.
A. Predictive policing B. Covert policing in the United Kingdom
C. Problem oriented policing D. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS)

50. The sense of hope and confidence among the people towards their local authorities that they
are doing everything they can in crime control. It is referring to?
A. Congo Police B. Egypt Police
C. Ireland Police D. Switzerland Police

51. Consist of all the United Nations conventions which seeks to safeguard life and human dignity
in a global scale.
A. union of domestic concerns for global governance
B. Universal convention
C. universal protections and safeguards
D. universal declarations

52. INTERPOL stands for?

A. International Police B. International Criminal Police Organization
C. International Reformed Police D. International Police League

53. In the Philippines the minimum age requirement for police officers is 21 years old, what is the
minimum age requirement in the Australian Federal Police?
A. 17 B. 18
C. 19 D. 21

54. In Sri Lanka, the constitution establishes a government that is a mixture of presidential system
and parliamentary system, such government is called;
A. Hegemony government B. messianic democracy
C. communist democracy D. democratic, socialist republic

55. It is the Philippine Law on Extradition.

A. Presidential Decree No. 1066 B. Presidential Decree No. 1069
C. Presidential Decree No. 1067 D. Presidential Decree No. 1068

56. It is a special higher police in Japan which is equivalent to the FBI, combining both criminal
investigation and counter- espionage functions.
A. Toku B. Tokko
C. Japan Police Force D. Keisatsu-chō

57. Is the primary law enforcement, investigative agency, and largest disciplined service under

the Security Bureau of Hong Kong.
A. Hong Kong Police College B. Hong Kong Police Training School
C. Hong Kong Police School D. Hong Kong School of Police

58. The first state police agency established in United States

A. New York Police Department B. Pennsylvania State Police

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C. Los Angeles Police Department D. Boston Police Department

59. Based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions.
A. Common Law System B. Civil Law System
C. Socialist System D. Islamic System

60. First local modern police department established in the United States
A.Boston Police Department B. Pennsylvania State Police
C. Los Angeles Police Department D. New York Police Department

61. Police force originally created in response to colonization

A.Boston Police Department B. California Trooper
C. Los Angeles Police Department D. Texas Ranger

62. The collation of international covenants and treaties on war crimes and for the protection of
the rights of women and children;
A. International bill of human rights
B. Geneva Conventions
C. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

63. Are modern post-industrial societies where the emphasis is upon technique of the
“technologizing” of everything, with the government has a system of laws who tend to keep busy
handling political crime and terrorism, and a system of punishment characterized by over
criminalization and overcrowding.
A. Folk-communal society B. Urban-commercial society
C. Urban-industrial society D. Bureaucratic society

64. This kind of society has little codification of law, no specialization among police, and a system
of punishment that just let things go for a while without attention until things becomes too much,
and then harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to.
A. Folk-communal society B. Urban-commercial society
C. Urban-industrial society D. Bureaucratic society

65. Is a modification of counter-insurgency methods used by U.S. Army Special Forces and

adapted for use by civilian law enforcement agencies.
A. Predictive policing B. C3 policing or Counter Criminal Continuum Policing

C. Problem oriented policing D. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS)

66. What type of police system which is distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate or
retain people into fulfilling their responsibilities to the state?
A. Common law system B. Civil law System
C. Socialist system D. Islamic system

67. Which one below is NOT a benefits that the Philippines derive as Member of the INTERPOL?
A. Access to police information on international Criminal Cases.
B. Access to International Summaries of Criminal Cases.
C. Access to funds against transnational Crimes
D. Access to information dealing with economic and financial crime in an international level.

68. The type and form of government in Northern Asia (Russia) consist of composite systems which
includes federal state, semi-presidential and republic. Which type of government which is
characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central
government?
A. Republic state B. Federal state
C. Semi-presidential state D. Presidential state

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69. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization.

A. NATO B. INTERPOL 195 countries
C. United Nations -193 countries D. APEC

70. Is the usage of mathematics, predictive analytics, and other analytical techniques in law
enforcement to identify potential criminal activity.
A. Intelligence-led policing B. De-policing
C. Community policing D. Predictive policing 

71. Help governments bring criminals who have fled their country to justice.
A. Historic treaty B. Extradition treaty
C. Modern treaty D. Numbered treaty

72. Under the rules and function of Australian Federal Police, the AFP falls under the portfolio of:
A. Home Affairs Ministry B. Attorney-General
D. Minister for Home Affairs D. Minister for Justice and Customs

73. Is a policing strategy that involves the identification and analysis of

specific crime and disorder problems, in order to develop effective response strategies.
A. Predictive policing B. De-policing
C. Problem oriented policing D. Community policing

74. The practice of deterring criminal activity by showing police presence. It includes activities such
as the use of police powers by both uniformed and plain-clothes officers, engaging the public to learn
their concerns, and investigating and discovering offences and conspiracies to commit crimes so that
the crimes cannot be committed.
A. Intelligence-led policing B. De-policing
C. Community policing D. Proactive policing 

75. Is an approach to policy making and tactical decision-making for police departments. It has

its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices.
A. Predictive policing B. Evidence-based policing (EBP)
C. Problem oriented policing D. Community policing

76. As a nation develops, people’s alertness to crime is heightened. They report more crime to police
and demand the police to become more effective in solving crime problems. What theory best
describes this situation?
A. modernization theory B. alertness to crime theory
C. economic theory D. opportunity theory

77. This system uses measurement of crime control efficiency and effectiveness based on absence
of crime or low crime rate?
A. continental policing B. modern policing
C. modernization D. colonization

78. Motto of London Metropolitan Police

A. To Serve and Protect B. We Care We Dare
C. Total Policing D. We Save Lives and Property

79. Who is the FIRST secretary general of the INTERPOL?

A. Oskar Dressler B. Jürgen Stock
C. Johann Schober D. Mireille Ballestrazzi

80. While aiming at accomplishing the ends of justice, the Convention is primarily intended to facilitate
the social rehabilitation of prisoners by giving foreigners convicted of a criminal offence the
possibility of serving their sentences in their own countries.

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A. Mutual Legal Assistance B. Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons

C. Peace preservation law D. Extradition

81. Who has the Administrative Supervision over Japanese National Police Agency?
A. Commissioner of Japan B. Prime Minister
C. Commissioner General D. National Public Safety Commission

82. The FIRST president of the INTERPOL?

A. Oskar Dressler B. Jürgen Stock
C. Johann Schober D. Mireille Ballestrazzi

83. There is strong adversarial or involving system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the
public trial is a main focal point. Also known as “Anglo-American Justice”.
A. Common Law System B. Civil Law System
C. Socialist System D. Islamic System

84. It is in charge of research statistics and the investigation of nationally important and
international cases in Japan.
A. Traffic Bureau B. Criminal Investigation Bureau
C. Security Bureau D. Regional Public Safety Bureau

85. They are concerned with police personnel, education, welfare, training, and unit inspections
in Japan Police Force.
A. Personnel Administration B. Police Administration Bureau
C. Bureau of Administration D. Police Records and Administration

86. It is a term for police disengaging from active police work, generally as a reaction to external
scrutiny or negative publicity
A. Intelligence-led policing B. De-policing
C. Community policing D. Proactive policing 

87. The the largest of the police services that operate in Greater London
A. London Police Force B. Britain Police Force
C. Metropolitan Police Force D. Metropolitan Police Force of Greater London

88.  About any threat or potential threat to the national security and stability of the Republic which
falls within the functions of a department of State, and includes intelligence needed by such
department in order to neutralize such a threat;
A. Strategic intelligence B. Departmental intelligence
C. Counter intelligence D. Under cover intelligence

89. French term which claimed to be the origin of the term Police Officer
A. Police Officer B. Officer de la Paris
C. Officer de la Pais D. Officer de la Paix

90. The first police department in the United States was established in?
A. Boston Police Department B. New York Police Department
C. Pennsylvania State Police D. Los Angeles Police Department

91. Is a form of intelligence-led policing that serves to protect the national government or a

conglomerate of national governments from internal threats; that is, any policing operations integrated
into domestic intelligence gathering, national security, or international security operations for the
purpose of protecting government.
A. Intelligence-led policing B. De-policing
C. High policing D. Proactive policing 

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92. Distinguished by strong inquisitorial or inquire system where less right is granted to the
accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation. Also known as
“Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice”
A. Common Law System B. Civil Law System
C. Socialist Sytem D. Islamic System

93. Has little codification law, no specification among police, and a system of punishment that just lets
things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then harsh, barbatic
punishment is resorted to.
A. folk-communal society B. urban-industrial society
C. Urban commercial D. bureaucratic

94. Society not only has codified (statutes that prohibit) but laws that prescribe good behavior, police
become specialized in how to handle property crimes, and the system of punishment is run on
market principles of creating incentives and disincentives.
A. folk-communal society B. urban-industrial society
C. Urban-mercial society D. bureaucratic

95. What country practiced the “shame-based” rather than “guilty-based” approach because of
the shame it would bring to the family if such member of a Family commits crime.
A. China B. India
C. Japan D. Egypt

96. Police force that hired the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells
A. Boston Police Department B. New York Police Department
C. Pennsylvania State Police D. Los Angeles Police Department

97. Colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The Force”. It is the national police force of
Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world being a national, federal, provincial
and municipal policing body.
A. Royal Northwest Mounted Police
B. Dominion Police
C. Royal Canadian Mounted Police
D. Royal Canadian Police

98. Is a strategy of policing that focuses on developing relationships with community members. It

is a philosophy of full-service policing that is highly personal, where an officer patrols the same area
for an extended time and develops a partnership with citizens to collaboratively identify and
solve problems
A. Intelligence-led policing B. Reassurance policing
C. Community policing or COP D. Predictive policing

99. The Philippine National Police motto is To Serve and Protect while the motto of Hong Kong
Police force.
A. Law and Order B. We Serve with Pride and Care
C. Safer Communities together D. None of these

100. What is this law that gives Japanese police the authority to arrest people with “wrong
thoughts”.
A. Peace process law B. Peace talk law
C. Peace preservation law D. Preserved peace law

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