RESONANCE - WEST MARREDPALY

SR-IPE CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

__________________________________________________________________________

SOLID STATE
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. How do you distinguish between crystal lattice and unit cell?
***2. What is Schottky defect?
***3. What is Frenkel defect?
4. Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point. Comment.
*5. What makes a glass different from quartz?
*6. How many lattice points are there in one unit cell of face-centered cubic lattice?
*7. How many lattice points are there in one unit cell of face-centered tetragonal lattice?
*8. How many lattice points are there in one unit cell of body centered cubic lattice?
*9. What are f-centres?
10. What is co-ordination number?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1. Derive Bragg’s equation.
2. Explain why iconic solids are hard and brittle.
3. A cubic solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atoms of Q are at the corners of the cube and P at the
body-centre. What is the formula of the compound? What are the coordination numbers of P and Q?
4. If the radius of the octahedral void is ‘r’ and radius of the atoms in close packing is ‘R’ derive relation
between r and R.
5. Calculate the efficiency of packing in case of a metal of body-centered cubic crystal?
6. Aluminium crystallizes in a cubic close packed structure. Its metallic radius is 125pm.
(i) What is the length of the side of the unit cell. [Ans: 354 pm]
(ii) How many unit cells are there in 1.00 cm3 of aluminium?

SOLUTIONS
VERT SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. Define the term solution.
*2. Define molarity.
*3. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5gm of NaOH in 450ml solution?
*4. Define molality.
*5. Calculate the molality of 2.5gm of ethanoic acid ( CH 3COOH ) in 75gm of benzene.
6. Give an example of solid solution in which the solute is solid.
7. Define mole fraction.
*8. Calculate the mole fraction of H 2 SO4 in a solution containing 98% H 2 SO4 by mass?
9. Define mass percentage of solution?
*10. What is ppm of a solution?
*11. What role do the molecular interactions play in solution of alcohol and water?
*12. State Raoult’s law and give its two limitations?
*13. State Henry’s law.
**14. Define osmotic pressure.
**15. What are isotonic solutions? Give example.
**16. What is relative lowering of vapour pressure?
*17. What are colligative properties, Give examples?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1. Define mole fraction. A solution of sucrose in water is labelled as 20% w/w. What would be the mole
fraction of each component in the solution?
***2. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law and how is the sign of  mix H related to positive
deviation from Raoult’s law?
***3. What is meant by negative deviations from Raoult’s law and how is the sign of  mix H related to
negative deviation from Raoult’s law?
***4. What is relative lowering of vapour pressure? How is it useful to determine the molar mass of solute?
*5. State Raoult’s law. Vapour pressure of water at 293K is 17.535 mmHg. Calculate the vapour pressure of
the solution at 293K when 25g of glucose is dissolved in 450g of water.
***6. State Raoult’s law. Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing 9g of glucose in 162g of water at
293K. The vapour pressure of water at 293K is 17.535 mmHg.
7. What is an ideal solution? Give suitable examples.
***8. Calculate the mass of non-volatile solute (molar mass 40g mol–1) which should be dissolved in 114g
Octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
*9. Define molality (m). Calculate molality (m) of 10 gm of Glucose( C6 H12O6 ) in 90 gm of water.
10. How is molar mass-related to the elevation in boiling point of a solution.
11. How is molar mass related to the depression in freezing point of a solution?
12. A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% W/W. What would be the molarity of the solution?
13. Define mass percentage, volume percentage and mass to volume percentage solutions.
14. Concentrated nitric acid used in the laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aqueous solution. What
should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if the density of the solution is 1.504 gm/L.
15. A solution is obtained by mixing 300g of 25% solution and 400g of 40% solution by mass. Calculate the
mass percentage of the resulting solution.
16. 45g of ethylene glycol ( C2 H 6O2 ) is mixed with 600g of water. Calculate (a) the freezing point depression
and (b) the freezing point of the solution.
17. 1.00g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by
0.40K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12K kg mol–1. Find the molar mass of the
solute.
18. 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic pressure of such a
solution at 300K is found to be 2.57 x 10–3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
 ELECTROCHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL KINETICS
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8M)
***1. (a) What is electrolysis? and State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.
(b) A solution of CuSO4 is electrolysed for 10 minutes with a current of 1.5 amperes. What is the mass of
copper deposited at the cathode?
***2. (a) State and Explain Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.
(b) Give the applications of Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.
*3. What is rate of reaction? Explain the effect of temperature and effect of catalyst on rate of reaction?
4. Explain the following terms with suitable examples.
(a) average rate of a reaction (b) slow and fast reactions
(c) order of a reaction (d) molecularity of a reaction
(e) activation energy of a reaction

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. What is standard hydrogen electrode?
2. What is Nernst equation? Write the equation for an electrode with electrode reaction M naq   ne ⇌ M  s 

3. How is Gibb’s energy (G) related to the cell emf (E) mathematically?
4. Define molar conductivity  m and how is it related to conductivity (K)?
5. State Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.
6. State Faraday’s first law of electrolysis.
7. State Faraday’s second law of electrolysis.
8. What are the product obtained at the platinum anode and the platinum cathode respectively in the electrolysis of
fused or molten NaCl?
9. Give the products obtained at the platinum electrodes (cathode and anode) when aqueous solution of K2SO4 is
electrolysed.
10. What is a primary battery? Give one example.
11. Give the electrode reactions occurring at the anode and at the cathode in H 2  O2 fuel cell?

12. Write the cell reaction takin place in the cell Cu S  / Cuaq2  / / Ag aq

/ Ag S  .

13. Write the Nernst equation for the EMF of the cell Ni  S  / Ni 2   aq  / / Ag   aq  / Ag .
0
14. How is Ecell related mathematically to the equilibrium constant KC of the cell reaction?
15. Give one example for a secondary battery. Give the cell reaction.
16. Define conductivity of a material. Give its SI units.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
**1. Give the construction and working of a standard hydrogen electrode with a neat diagram.
*2. State and explain Nernst equation with the help of a metallic electrode and non-metallic electrode.
3. What is Metallic corrosion? Explain it with respect to iron corrosion.
4. What are the products obtained at the cathode and the anode during the electrolysis of the following when
platinum electrodes are used in the electrolysis?
(a) Molten KCl (b) Aq.CuSO4 (c) Aq.K2SO4 Solution
 NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1
*1.  0m for NaCl, HCl and CH3COONa are 126.4, 425.9 and 91.0 S cm mol respectively calculate  0m for
2

CH3COOH.
*2. Calculate the emf of cell at 25C Cr / Cr 3  0.1M  / / Fe 2  0.01M  / Fe
0
Given that ECr 3
/ Cr
 0.74V and EFe
0
2
/ Fe
 0.44V
3. Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction
Cu S   2 Agaq   Cuaq
2
 2 Ag  S  given E0cell   0.46V

*4. The standard emf of Daniel cell is 1.1V. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy for the cell reaction
2
Zn S   Cuaq  Zn2aq   Cu S  .

5. Calculate  0m for CaCl2 and MgSO4 (given Ca

0
2  119,    76.3 
0
Cl
0
Mg 2
 106, SO
0
2  160 )
2

CHEMICAL KINETICS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. Define the speed or rate of a reaction?
2. What are the units of rate of reaction ?
3. What is rate law? Illustrate with an example.
4. Define order of a reaction? Illustrate your answer with an example.
5. What are elementary reactions?
6. What are complex reactions? Give one example.
7. Give the units of rate constants for Zero, first order and second order reactions?
8. Define molecularity of a reaction? Illustrate with an example.
9. Give two examples for zero order reactions?
10. Write the integrated equation for a first order reaction in terms of [R], [R]0 and ‘t’?
11 Give two examples for gaseous first order reactions?
12. What is half-life of a reaction? Illustrate your answer with an example?
13. Write the equation relating the half-life (t1/2) of a reaction and the rate constant ‘k’ for first order reaction?
14. Write the equation useful to calculate half-life (t1/2) values for zero and first order reactions?
15. What are pseudo first order reactions? Give one example?
16. Write the Arrhenius equation for the rate constant (k) of a reaction?
17. Write the equation which relates the rate constants k1 and k2 at temperatures T1 and T2 of a reaction?
18. What is the effect of temperature on the rate constant?
19. What is rate determining step in a complex reaction?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1. Define and explain the order of a reaction. How is it obtained experimentally?
***2. What is “molecularity” of a reaction? How is it different from the ‘order’ of a reaction? Name one bimolecular
and one trimolecular gaseous reactions.
3. What is half-life  t1/2  of a reaction? Derive the equations for the ‘half-life’ value of zero and first order
reactions.
*4. What is Arrhenius equation? Derive an equation which describes the effect of rise of temperature (T) on the rate
constant (k) of a reaction.
5. Discuss the effect of catalyst on the kinetics of a chemical reaction with suitable diagram.
*6. Derive the integrated rate equation for a first order reaction.
7. Explain the terms
(a) Activation energy (Ea) (b) Collision frequency (Z) (c) Probability factor (P)
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
*1. A reaction is 50% completed in 2hours and 75% completed in 4 hours. What is the order of the reaction?
*2. A reaction has a half life of 10 minutes. Calculate the rate constant for the first order reaction.
3. In a first order reaction, the concentration of the reactant is reduced from 0.6 mol/L to 0.2 mol/L in 5min.
Calculate the rate constant.
*4. Show that in the case of first order reaction, the time required for 99.9% completion of the reaction is 10 times
that required for 50% completion. (log2 = 0.3010)
*5. For the reaction R  P , the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03M to 0.02M in 25 minutes.
Calculate the average rate of reaction using units in seconds.
3 1
*6. A first order reaction has a rate constant of 1.15 10 s . How long will 5.0g of this reactant take to reduce to
3.0 g?
7. From the rate expression for the following reactions determine their order of reaction and the dimensions of the
rate constants:

 N 2O  g   NO2  g  , Rate = k  NO 
(i) 3 NO  g  
2

 2 H 2O  l   I 3 , Rate = k  H 2O2   I  
(ii) H 2O2  aq   3I   aq   2 H   aq  

 CH 4  g   CO  g  , Rate = k CH 3CHO 

(iii) CH 3CHO  g  
3/ 2

8. for a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the time required for the
completion of 90% of reaction.
9. Identify the reaction order from each of the following rate constants.
4 1
(i) K  2.3 105 L mol 1 s 1 (ii) k  3 10 s

SURFACE CHEMISTRY
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
*1. What is Gold number?
*2. What is the general difference between soap and detergent chemically ?
*3. What is autocatalysis? Give one example.
*4. What is Tyndal effect?
*5. What is Brownian movement?
*6. What is protective colloid?
*7. What is Hardy-Schulze’s law ?
*8. What is adsorption ? Give two applications.
*9. Why is adsorption always exothermic?
*10. Define “promoters” and “poisons” in the phenamenon of catalysis.
*11. Easily liquifiable gases are readily adsorbed on solids. Why?
*12. Why zeolites are treated as shape selective catalysts?
13. What is critical mecelle concentration (CMC) and Kraft temperature (TK)?
14. What is peptization and dialysis?
15. What is electrokinetic potential or zeta potential?
16. Sky appears blue in colour. Explain.
*17. What is electro osmosis and electrophoresis?
*18. Define flocculation value.
19. Define occlusion?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M^
***1. What are different types of adsorption? Give any four differences between characteristics of the different types.
2. What are micelles? Discuss the mechanism of micelle formation and cleaning action of soap.
**3. How are colloids classified on the basis of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium?
**4. Name the dispersed phase and dispersion medium in the following colloidal systems
(i)fog (ii) smoke (iii)milk (iv) cloud (v) blood (vi) gold sol.
5. What is coagulation? Explain with suitable examples.
6. What are colloidal solutions? How are they classified? Give examples.
7. Explain the following terms
(a) Electrophoresis (b) coagulation (c) Tyndall effect
8. What is an adsorption isotherm? Discuss the phenomenon of adsorption of gases on solids with the help of
Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
GROUP 15 ELEMENTS
*1. Nitrogen molecule is highly stable- why ?
*2. Why are the compounds of bismuth more stable in +3 oxidation state ?
*3. What is inert pair effect ?
*4. Arrange the hydrides of group -15 elements in the decreasing order of basic strength and increasing order of
reducing character ?
*5. What happens when white phosphorus is heated with conc. NaOH solution in an inert atmosphere of CO2 ?
*6. NH3 forms hydrogen bonds but PH3 does not -why ?
*7. How do calcium phosphide and heavy water react ?
*8. Ammonia is a good complexing agent explain with an example ?
*9. A mixture of Ca3P2 and CaC2 is used in making Holme’s signal -explain ?
*10. Which chemical compound is formed in the brown ring test of nitrate ions?
*11. How is nitric oxide (NO) prepared?
*12. NO is paramagnetic in gaseous state but diamagnetic in liquid and solid states why?
*13. Which of the following is more covalent-SbCl5 (or) SbCl3?
*14. Write the chemical reactions that occur in the manufacture of nitric acid?
*15. Iron becomes passive in conc. HNO3 why?
*16. Give the uses of (a) Nitric acid (b) Ammonia?
 GROUP 16 ELEMENTS
*17. Why is dioxygen a gas but sulphur a solid?
18. What happens when
a) KClO3 is heated with MnO2 b) O3 is passed through KI solution
19. Give two examples each for amphoteric oxides and neutral oxides?
*20. Why is H2O a liquid while H2S is a gas
*21. H2O is neutral while H2S is acidic – explain.
22. Name the most abundant element present in earth’s crust.
*23. Give the hybridization of sulphur in the following.
a) SO2 b) SO3 c) SF4 d) SF6
*24. Give one example each for
a) neutral oxide b) peroxide c) super oxide
**25. What is tailing of mercury ? How is it removed ?
*26. SO2 can be used as an anti-chlor. Explain
*27. How does ozone react with ethylene ?
*28. Out of O2 and O3, Which is paramagnetic ?
*29. Write any two uses each for O3 and H2SO4.
*30. Why are group -16 elements called chalcogens ?

GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
*31. Which halogen produces O2 and O3 on passing through water?
32. What is the use of ClF3?
33. Why are halogens coloured?
*34. Write the reaction of “F2” and “Cl2” with water ?
*35. With which neutral molecule, ClO– is isoelectronic ? is that molecule a lewis base ?
*36. Electron gain enthalpy of fluorine( F2) is less than that of Cl2-explain?
*37. HF is a liquid while HCl is a gas explain ?
38. Bond dissociation enthalpy of “F2” is less than that of “Cl2” -explain ?
39. Write two uses of hydrogen chloride ?
40. Chlorine acts as an oxidising agent-explain with two examples ?
*41. What is Aqua regia ? Write it’s reaction with gold and platinum ?
*42. How is chlorine manufactured by Deacon’s method ?
*43. Chlorine acts as a bleaching agent only in the presence of moisture explain ?
*44. The decreasing order of acidic character among hypohalous acids is.

GROUP 18 ELEMENTS
45. Why do noble gases have comparatively large atomic sizes?
*46 List out the uses of Neon?
*47. In modern diving apparatus, a mixture of He & O2 is used - Why?
*48. Noble gases are inert. Explain?
*49. Write the name & formula of the first noble gas compound prepared by Bertlett?
*50. Explain the shape of XeF4 on the basis of VSEPR theory?
51. Why do noble gases form compounds with Fluorine and Oxygen only?
*52. How is XeOF4 prepared ? Describe its molecular shape ?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 M)

GROUP 15 ELEMENTS
1. Complete the following

a) NH 4 NO3  

b) HNO3  P4O10  c) Pb  NO3 2 

673k


d) Zn  dil HNO3  e) P4  Conc. HNO3  f) HgCl2  PH 3 

GROUP 16 ELEMENTS
*2. Write a short note on the allotropy of sulphur
3. Which oxide of sulphur can act as both oxidizing and reducing agent ? Give one example each
**4. Explain the structures of SF4 and SF6.
5. How does SO2 react with the following ?
a) Na2SO3(aq) b) Cl2 c) Fe+3 ions d) KMnO4
6. Complete the following
a) KCl  H 2 SO4  conc   b) Sucrose 
Conc. H SO
2 4

c) Cu  H 2 SO4  conc   d) C  H 2 SO4  conc  

7. Describe the structures of SO42 and SO3

GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
*12. How can you prepare Cl2 from HCl and HCl from Cl2 ? Write the reactions ?
**13. Explain the structures of (a) BrF5 (b) IF7 ?
14. Write balanced equations for the following ?
(a) NaCl is heated with conc H2SO4 in the presence of MnO2
(b) Chlorine is passed into a solution of NaI in water
***15. What are interhalogen compounds ? Give some examples to illustrate the definition how are they classified ?
16. Write the names and formulae of the oxoacids of chlorine explain their structures and relative acidic nature.
17. How is CIF3 prepared ? How does it react with water ? Explain it’s structure ?
18. Compare the bleaching action of Cl2 and SO2
*19. Write a short note on hydrides of halogens ?

GROUP 18 ELEMENTS
***20. How are XeF2 and XeF4 are prepared? Give their structures.
***21. How are XeO3 and XeOF4 prepared? Give their structures.
***22. Explain the structure of a) XeF6 b) XeOF4
***23. Explain the reaction of the following with water a) XeF2 b) XeF4 c) XeF6
24. Complete the following
a) XeF2  H 2O  b) XeF2  PF5 

c) XeF4  SbF5  d) NaF  AsF5 

e) XeF4  O2 F2  f) NaF  XeF6 

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8M)

GROUP 15 ELEMENTS
***1. How is ammonia manufactured by Haber’s process ? Explain the reactions of ammonia with
(a) ZnSO4(aq) (b) CuSO4(aq) (c)AgCI(s)
***2. How is nitric acid manufactured by Ostwald’s process ? How does it react with the following?
(a) Copper (b)Zn (c) S8 (d) P4
GROUP 16 ELEMENTS
***3. How is ozone prepared from oxygen ? Explain its reaction with
a) C2H4 b) KI c) Hg d) PbS e) Ag
GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
***4. How is chlorine prepared in the laboratory ? How does it react with the following ?
a) Iron b) NaOH c) Acidified FeSO4 d) Iodine e) H2S f) Na2S2O3
***5. How is chlorine prepared by electrolytic method ? Explain it’s reaction with
(a) NaOH (b) NH3 under different conditions (c) NaI (d) Slaked lime
GROUP 18 ELEMENTS
***6. How are XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 prepared? Explain their reaction with water?
Discuss their structures

d & f-BLOCK ELEMENTS & CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
*1. CuSO4.5H2O is blue in colour where as anhydrous CuSO4 is colourless. Why?
*2. How many moles of AgCl is precipitated when 1 mole of CoCl3.5NH3 is treated with AgNO3 solution?
3. [Cr(NH3)6]+3 is paramagnetic while [Ni(CN)4]2– is diamagnetic. Why?
4. [Fe(CN)4]2– and [Fe(H2O)6]2+ are of different colours in dilute solutions. Why?
**5. Calculate the ‘spin only’ magnetic moment of Fe2aq  ion.

6. Among the first transition series (3d series) Chromium has highest melting point. Why?
*7. What is an ambidentate ligand? Give example.
*8. What is an alloy ? Give example.
9. What are coordination compounds? Give two examples.
10. What is the difference between a double salt and a complex compound?
*11. What is a ligand?
12. In its fluoride (or) oxide, in which a transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state and why ?
13. What is the oxidation state of cobalt in K[ Co(CO)4] and [CO(NH3)]+3 ?
14. Write the electronic configuration of chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu)
*15. What is a chelate ligand ? give example.
*16. What are complex compounds ? Give examples.
*17. Why Zn2+ is diamagnetic where as Mn2+ is paramagnetic ?
*18. Aqueous Cu2+ ions are blue in colour where as aqueous Zn2+ ions are colourless. Why ?
*19. Why do the transition metals readily form alloys ?
**20. What is misch-metal give its composition and uses
21. Why do transition elements exhibit more than one oxidation state (variable oxidation states)
22. Give one example each for ionic and neutral ligands
*23. What is lanthanoid contraction?
*24. Using IUPAC norms, write the systematic names of the following.

(i) K 4  Fe  CN 6  (ii) Cu  NH 3  4  SO4

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 M)

***1. Explain Werner’s theory of coordination compounds with suitable examples.
***2. Using IUPAC names write the formulae for the following:
(i) Tetrahydroxozincate (II) (ii) Hexaamminecobalt (lII) sulphate
(iii) Potassium tetrachloropalladate (II) and
(iv) Potassium tri(oxalato) chromate (III)
***3. Using IUPAC names write the systematic names of the following:
(i) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (ii) [Pt(NH3)2 Cl(NH2 CH3)]Cl
+3
(iii) [Ti(H2O)6] (iv) K2[PdCl4] (V) K3[Fe(CN)6]
(vi) [Fe4(CN)6]3
**4. Explain geometrical isomerism in coordination compounds giving suitable examples.
***5. What is lanthanoid contraction? What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction?
**6. What is spectro chemical series? Explain the difference between a weak field ligand and a strong field ligand.
**7. Write the characteristic properties of transition elements
**8. What is meant by chelate effect? Give example.
**9. Explain the terms (i) Ligand (ii) Coordination number (iii) Coordination entity (iv) Central metal atom/ion
10 Why do the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic colours in aqueous solutions explain giving examples.
11. Use Hund’s rule to derive the electronic configuration of Ce3+ ion and calculate its magnetic moment on the
basis of ‘spin-only’ formula.
12. Predict which of the ions Cu+, Sc3+, Mn2+, Fe2+ are coloured in aqueous solution? Give reasons.
13. Write a short note on metal carbonyls.
14. Account tor the zero oxidation state of Ni and Fe in [Ni(CO)4] and [Fe(CO)5] respectively.
15. What are homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes? give one example for each.

BIOMOLECULES
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
1. What are enzymes ? Give examples.
**2. Explain the classification of carbohydrates.
**3. Discuss the structure of glucose on the basis of its chemical properties.
***4. What is the DNA finger printing, mention its applications.
**5. Explain the denaturation with suitable examples.
 VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. Name the vitamin responsible for the coagulation of blood.
2. Define Carbohydrates ?
3. What are anomers ?
4. What is Zwitter ion ? Give an example .
**5. What are essential and non-essential amino acids ? Give one example for each.
6. Why cannot vitamin C be stored in our body ?
*7. What is the difference between nucleoside and nucleotide?
8. Name the different types of carbohydrates on the basis of their hydrolysis. Give one example for each.
9. What do you understand from the names (a) aldo pentose and (b) Keto heptose ?
10. Why are sugars classified as reducing and non-reducing sugars?
11. What do you understand by invert sugars ?
12. What type of bonding helps in stabilizing the  -helix structure of proteins ?
13. Temperature and pH effect the native proteins. Explain.
14. What are amino acids? Give two examples
15. What are proteins? Give an examples.
16. What are fibrous proteins? Give examples.
17. What are globular proteins? Give examples.
18. Write the names of three types of RNA.
19. Write the biological functions of nucleic acids.
20. What is glycogen? How is it different from starch?
21. What are the hydrolysis products of (i) sucrose and (ii) lactose
22. What is the basic structural difference between starch and cellulose.
23. What is denaturation? Give an example.
24. Write anyone method of preparation of glucose. Write the equation.

HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS(2M)
**1. What are the ambident nucloephiles?
**2. What is the stereochemical result of and S 1N and S N2 reactions ?
**3. What type of isomerism is exhibited by o, m, and p-chlorobenzenes ?
**4. Write the isomers of the compound having molecular formula C4 H 9 Br .
***5. What are Enantiomers ?
*6. Write the structures of the following compounds.
i) 2-chloro-3-methylpentane ii) 1 -Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
**7. Which one of the following has highest dipole moment?
i) CH2Cl2 ii) CHCl3 iii) CCl4

8. Which Compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with OH ?
i) CH3Br or CH3J ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
9. Explain why the alkyl halides though polar are immiscible with water?
10. Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH?
11. Treatment of alkyl halides with aq.KOH leads to the formation of alcohols, while in presence of alc. KOH what
products are formed?
*12. Find the A & B products in the following reactions
CH 3CH 2Cl 
Mg
ether
 A 
H 2O
B
13. Write the structures of the following compounds.
(i) 2-chloro-3-methyl pentane.
(ii) p-bromo chloro benzene.
14. Explain the Wurtz-fittig reaction.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 M)
1. Predict the alkenes that would be formed in the following reactions and identify the major alkene

ii) 2-Chloro -2- methyl butane 

NaOEt
ErOH
?
*2. How will you carry out the following conversions ?
1) Ethane to bromoethene.
2) Toluene to benzyl alcohol.
3. What is the criteria for optical activity? give two examples of chiral molecules?
4. Write the mechanism of the following reaction
n  Butylbromide  KCN 
E to H , H 2 O
n  butylcyanide
***5. Explain SN1 &SN2 reactions
6. A hydro carbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compund C5H9Cl in
bright sun light identify the hydrocarbon.
7. Explain why the dipolemoment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexylchloride.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 M)

1. Write the reactions showing the major and minor products when chlorobenzene is reacted with CH3Cl and
CH3COCl in presence of AlCl3.
***2. Explain the mechanism of Nucleophilic bimolecular substitution SN2 reaction with one example.
***3. Explain the mechanism of Nucleophilic unimolecular substitution SN1 reaction with one example.
**4. Define the following:
i) Racemic mixture ii) Retention of configuration iii) Enantiomers.
5. Write the mechanism of dehydro halogenation of 2-bromo butane?
6. Account for the following statements:
1) Arylhalides are extremely less reactive towards Nucleophilic substitution reactions.
2) p-Nitrochlorobenzene and o, p-dinitrochlorobenzene undergo Nucleophilic substitution readily compared to
chlorobenzene.
7. Explain how the following conversions are carried out:
 1) Propene to propanol 2) Ethanol to but-1 -yne 3) 1 -Bromopropane to Bromopropane
8. Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as primary, secondary, tertiary, vinyl
or aryl halides.
i) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3 ii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
iii) m-ClCH2C6H2CH2C(CH3)3 iv) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C, H & O

ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
*1. Compare the acidic strength of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, benzoic acid and phenol.
*2. Explain why propanol has higher boiling point than that of the hydrocarbon-butane.
*3. Alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. Explain
this fact.
*4. Give the reagents used for the preparation of phenol from chlorobenzene.
*5. Name the reagents used in the following reactions.
(i) Oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
(ii) Oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde
*6. Write the equations for the following reactions.
(i) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol
(ii) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid.
SHORT ANSWER OUESTIONS (4M)
*1. Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield ethanol.
***2. Explain the acidic nature of phenols and compare with that of alcohols.
*3. Illustrate hydroboration-oxidation reaction with a suitable example.
**4. Write the products formed by the reduction and oxidation of phenol.
5. Write the equations for the preparation of phenol using benzene, conc. H2SO4 and NaOH.
6. Ethanol with H2SO4 at 443K forms ethane while at 413 K it forms ethoxyethane.
Explain the mechanism.
*7. Write the structures of the following compounds whose IUPAC names are
(i) 2-methylbutan-l-ol, (ii) 2,3-diethylphenol, (iii) 1-ethoxypropane,
(iv) cyclohexylmethanol
LONG ANSWER QUEST1QNS (8M)
1. Explain why (i) Ortho nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol.
(ii) OH group attached to benzene ring activates it towards electrophilic substitution.
***2. With a suitable example write equations for the following:
(i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction. (ii) Williamsons ether synthesis.
***3. Write equations of the below given reactions:
i) Alkylation of anisole (ii) Nitration of anisole (iii) Friedel-Crafts acetylation of anisole.
***4. (a) Write any two methods of preparation of phenol.
(b) Explain the acidic nature of phenols and compare with that of alcohol.
 ALDEHYDES, KETONES & CARBOXYLIC ACID
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS(8M)
***1. Describe the following
1) Acetylation 2) Cannizaro reaction
3) Crossed aldol condensation 4) Decarboxylation
5) Aldol condensation
*2. Explain the following terms. Give an example of the reaction in each case.
1) Cyanohydrin 2)Acetal 3) Semicarbazone 4) Aldol 5) Hemiacetal
6) Oxime
*3. How are the following conversions carried in not more than two steps.
1) Ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal
2) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS(4M)
*1. How do you prepare the following?
i) N, N-dimethylpropanamine from Ammonia,
ii) Propanamine from Chloroethane
2. How do you carryout the following conversions?
i) N-ethylamine to N,N-diethylpropanamine,
ii) Aniline to BenzeneSulphonamide
3. How do you prepare ethyl cyanide and Ethyl isocyanide from a common alkylhalide?
4. Explain the following:
kb
i) p of aniline is more than that of methylamine.

*5. Compare the basicity of the following in gaseous and in aqueous state and arrange them in increasing order of
basicity. CH3NH2, (CH3)2 NH, (CH3)3N and NH3.
6. Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds
i) CH3CH2NHCH2CH2CH3 ii) PhCH2CN

7. Write the equation involved in the reaction of Nitrous acid with Ethylamine and aniline.
8. Explain with equations how methylamine, N,N-dimethylamine and N,N,N-trimethylamine react with
benzenesulphonyl chloride and how this reaction is useful to separate these amines.
9. Write the steps involved in the coupling of benzene diazonium chloride with aniline and phenol.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUEST1QNS(2M)
1. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis exclusively forms primary amines only. Explain?
*2. Give structures of A, B and C in the following reaction.

NH 3 , 
C6 H 5 N 2Cl 
CuCN
 A 
H 2O / H
 B  C
3. How do you carry out the following conversions:
i) Benzoic acid to Benzamide, ii) Aniline to p-bromo aniline

LIST OF NAMED REACTIONS:

***1. Grignard Reaction.
***2. SN1& SN2 Reactions,
***3. Aldol Condensation.
***4. Cross Aldol Condensation.
***5. Cannizaro’s Reaction.
***6. Clemmensen’s Reduction.
***7. Wolff-kishner Reduction.
***8. Reimer-Tiemann Reaction.
***9. Esterification.
***10. Sand Meyer Reaction.
***11. Gattermann Reaction.
***12. Williamson’s Ether Synthesis.
***13. Decarboxylation.
***14. H.V.Z, Reaction,
***15. Diazotisation.
***16. Wurtz-Fittig Reaction.
***17. Fittig Reaction,
***18. Wurtz Reaction,
***19. Kolbe’s Reaction,
**20. Hoffmann Bromamide degradation Reaction,

…….ALL THE BEST…….