Defense

White Paper
Livro Branco de Defesa Nacional

Brazil — 2012
Summary

CHAPTER 1 — THE BRAZILIAN STATE AND NATIONAL DEFENSE 15

Basic Principles of State....................................................................................................... 16

Territory................................................................................................................................. 17
Population............................................................................................................................. 21
National Symbols............................................................................................................. 23
Population Growth............................................................................................................ 24
National Defense.................................................................................................................. 26

CHAPTER 2 — 21st CENTURY STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT 31

Strategic Environment.......................................................................................................... 33
International System........................................................................................................ 35
Regional Systems............................................................................................................ 37
South Atlantic................................................................................................................... 38
Defense Related Treaties..................................................................................................... 39
Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Treaties.................................................................... 40
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.................................................................................. 41
International Treaties on Waters, Antarctica and Outer Space......................................... 45
International Treaties on the Environment........................................................................ 50
Foreign and Defense Policies.............................................................................................. 51

CHAPTER 3 — DEFENSE AND THE MILITARY INSTRUMENT 55

The Ministry of Defense....................................................................................................... 57

Organizational Structure.................................................................................................. 57
Defense Military Council (CMiD)................................................................................. 58
Armed Forces Joint Staff (EMCFA).............................................................................. 59
Directorate of Joint Operations (CHOC).................................................................. 60
Directorate of Strategic Affairs (CAE)....................................................................... 61
Directorate of Logistics (ChLog)............................................................................... 61
Office of the Minister of Defense.................................................................................. 61
Office of Planning (ASPLAN)....................................................................................... 62
Office of Legal Affairs (CONJUR)................................................................................. 62
Office of Internal Audit (CISET).................................................................................... 62
Office of the Secretary-General (SG).......................................................................... 62
Office of Management (SEORI)................................................................................... 62
Office of Personnel, Education, Health and Sports (SEPESD).................................... 63
Office of Defense Matériel (SEPROD)......................................................................... 63
Center for the Management and Operation of the Amazon Protection System (CENSIPAM).. 64
Education in the Scope of Defense.................................................................................. 65
War College (ESG)...................................................................................................... 65
Institute for Joint Operations Doctrine (IDOC)............................................................. 67
Pandiá Calógeras Institute (IPC)................................................................................. 67
Training of Commissioned Officers............................................................................... 68
Training of Sergeants.................................................................................................... 69
Brazilian Joint Center for Peacekeeping Operations (CCOPAB)................................. 70
Defense strategic Sectors................................................................................................
70
Nuclear Sector............................................................................................................. 70
Cybernetic Sector........................................................................................................
71
Space Sector...............................................................................................................
72
Monitoring and Control Systems......................................................................................
73
Blue Amazon Management System (SisGAAz)...........................................................
73
Integrated Border Monitoring System 74 (SISFRON).......................................................
Brazilian Airspace Control System (SISCEAB)............................................................
75
Brazilian Aerospace Defense System 77 (SISDABRA)....................................................
National Mobilization........................................................................................................
77
National Mobilization System (SINAMOB).................................................................. 77
Military Service and Recruitment................................................................................
78
Defense Intelligence System (SINDE).............................................................................
80
Brazilian Navy.................................................................................................................. 81
Mission........................................................................................................................ 82
Organization and Equipment....................................................................................... 83
Chief of Naval Operations (ComOpNav)...................................................................... 84
Fleet’s Naval Aviation Resources................................................................................. 87
Naval Districts.............................................................................................................. 89
Naval Districts’ Resources............................................................................................ 89
Naval Districts’ Aviation Resources..............................................................................
94
Marine Corps (CFN).................................................................................................... 94
Organization............................................................................................................ 95
Directorate-General for Navigation (DGN)................................................................... 98
Organization............................................................................................................ 98
Capabilities.............................................................................................................. 100
Strategic Vision and Goals.......................................................................................... 101
Education — Main Training Centers............................................................................. 104
Naval Academy (EN)............................................................................................... 104
Admiral Wandenkolk Training Center (CIAW).......................................................... 105
Naval War College (EGN)........................................................................................ 106
Center for Academic Coordination in São Paulo (CCEMSP)................................... 106
Navy Enlisted Schools (EAM)................................................................................. 106
Admiral Alexandrino Training Center (CIAA)............................................................ 106
Admiral Sylvio de Camargo Training Center (CIASC).............................................. 107
Scientific and Technological Institutions....................................................................... 107
Navy Technological Center in São Paulo (CTMSP)................................................. 107
Admiral Paulo Moreira Institute of Marine Studies (IEAPM).................................... 107
 Navy Research Institute (IPqM)............................................................................... 108
Naval Systems and Analysis Center (CASNAV)....................................................... 108
Navy Hydrographic Center (CHM)........................................................................... 108
Foreign Exchange and International Cooperation.................................................... 108
Military Education..................................................................................................... 109
2010/2011 Military Exercises..................................................................................... 110
Women in the Navy...................................................................................................... 112
Brazilian Army.................................................................................................................. 113
Mission........................................................................................................................ 114
Organization and Equipment....................................................................................... 114
Land Force................................................................................................................... 116
Area Commands.......................................................................................................... 117
Equipment................................................................................................................... 119
Capabilities.............................................................................................................. 123
Strategic Vision and Goals........................................................................................... 124
Education — Main Training Centers............................................................................. 127
Army Academy (AMAN).......................................................................................... 127
Junior Officer School............................................................................................... 128
Army Command and Staff College (ECEME).......................................................... 129
Military Engineering Institute (IME)......................................................................... 129
Army Health School (EsSEx)................................................................................... 130
Army School of Administrative and Technical Studies (EsFCEx)............................. 130
Combat Sergeant School (EsSA)............................................................................ 131
Logistics Sergeant School (EsSLog)........................................................................ 131
Senior Combat Sergeant School (EASA)................................................................ 131
Scientific and Technological Institutions....................................................................... 131
Army Technology Center (CTEx)............................................................................. 131
Foreign Exchange and International Cooperation........................................................ 132
Military Education.................................................................................................... 132
2010/2011 Military Exercises........................................................................................ 134
Women in the Army..................................................................................................... 134
Brazilian Air Force............................................................................................................ 136
Mission........................................................................................................................ 137
Organization and Equipment....................................................................................... 138
Air Operations Command............................................................................................ 139
Equipment.................................................................................................................... 141
Capabilities.............................................................................................................. 146
Strategic Vision and Goals........................................................................................... 147
Education — Main Training Centers............................................................................. 149
Air Force Academy (AFA)........................................................................................ 149
Air Force University (UNIFA).................................................................................... 150
Air Force Command and Staff College (ECEMAR).................................................. 151
Air Force Junior Officer School (EAOAR)................................................................. 151
Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA)............................................................. 151
Air Force Training Center (CIAAR)........................................................................... 152
 Air Force Sergeant School (EEAR)......................................................................... 152
Scientific and Technological Institutions ..................................................................... 152
Aeronautics and Space Institute (IAE)..................................................................... 152
Advanced Studies Institute (IEAv)........................................................................... 152
Industrial Promotion and Coordination Institute (IFI)............................................... 153
Foreign Exchange and International Cooperation........................................................ 153
Military Education.................................................................................................... 153
2010/2011 Military Exercises........................................................................................ 154
Women in the Air Force................................................................................................ 155
General Principles of Military Force Employment................................................................ 156
Political and Strategic Conduct........................................................................................ 156
Joint Operations Doctrine................................................................................................ 157
Theater of Operations (TO)............................................................................................. 157
Interoperability for Joint Operations ........................................................................... 158
Armed Forces Ensuring Law and Order (GLO).............................................................. 159
Contemporary Examples of Military Force Employment...................................................... 160
Brazil’s Participation in the World Wars........................................................................... 160
Brazil’s Participation in Peacekeeping Missions.............................................................. 163
Number of Troops in Peacekeeping Operations in MINUSTAH and UNIFIL ............... 165
Brazilian Government Expenditure on MINUSTAH and UNIFIL...................................... 166
The Armed Forces’ Role in Ensuring Law and Order ...................................................... 166
Pacification Force Data................................................................................................ 167
Agata Operations – General Data............................................................................... 167

CHAPTER 4 — DEFENSE AND SOCIETY 169

Ministry of Defense’s Social Programs................................................................................. 170

Citizen-Soldier Project .................................................................................................... 170
Northern Border Program ............................................................................................... 170
Armed Forces in Sports Program..................................................................................... 171
Rondon Project................................................................................................................ 172
Subsidiary and Complementary Actions.............................................................................. 174
Navy................................................................................................................................. 174
Army................................................................................................................................ 176
Air Force.......................................................................................................................... 177
Institutional Relations........................................................................................................... 179
Ministry of Defense and the Executive Branch................................................................ 179
Ministry of Defense and the Legislative Branch............................................................... 180
Ministry of Defense and the Judicial Branch.................................................................... 181
Defense and Human Rights................................................................................................. 182
Defense and the Access to Information Act......................................................................... 184
Defense and Academia........................................................................................................ 185
Pro-Defense Program....................................................................................................... 186
Strategy and Policy Studies Centers................................................................................ 186
Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR)....................................................................... 187
 Academic Congress........................................................................................................ 188
Other Initiatives................................................................................................................ 188
Civilian Staff in the Ministry of Defense............................................................................... 188
Defense and Industrial Development................................................................................... 189
National Board for Industrial Development...................................................................... 191
ABIMDE and Industrial Federations................................................................................ 191

CHAPTER 5 — DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION 193

Defense Deployment and Equipment Plan (PAED)............................................................. 194

Brazilian Navy.................................................................................................................. 194
Recovery of Operational Capacity................................................................................ 195
Naval Nuclear Program (PNM).................................................................................... 195
Development of the Navy’s Core Capabilities.............................................................. 196
Blue Amazon Management System (SisGAAz)........................................................... 196
2nd Fleet Complex & 2nd Marine Force (2nd FFE)..................................................... 197
Personnel.................................................................................................................... 197
Navigation Security..................................................................................................... 197
Forecast of Project Completion and Estimated Global Value................................... 198
Brazilian Army.................................................................................................................. 198
Recovery of Operational Capacity................................................................................ 199
Cyber Defense............................................................................................................. 200
Guarani Project............................................................................................................ 200
Integrated Border Monitoring System (SISFRON)....................................................... 201
Integrated Strategic Land Structures Protection System (PROTEGER)...................... 201
Anti-Aircraft Defense System....................................................................................... 202
ASTROS 2020 Missiles and Rockets Defense System............................................... 202
Forecast of Project Completion and Estimated Global Value.................................. 202
Brazilian Air Force............................................................................................................ 203
Air Force Organizational and Operational Management.............................................. 204
Recovery of Operational Capacity................................................................................ 205
Airspace Control.......................................................................................................... 205
Air Force Operational Development............................................................................. 206
Air Force Scientific and Technological Development................................................... 207
Strengthening of the Brazilian Aerospace and Defense Industry................................. 207
Development and Construction of Aerospace Equipment............................................ 208
Support for Air Force Military and Civilian Personnel................................................... 208
Modernization of Training Systems............................................................................... 208
Forecast of Project Completion and Estimated Global Value................................... 209
Ministry of Defense Central Administration...................................................................... 210
Positive Effects of the PAED’s Implementation................................................................. 210
In the Military Field....................................................................................................... 210
 In the Political Field...................................................................................................... 210
In the Economic Field.................................................................................................. 211
In the Scientific Technological Field............................................................................. 211
In the Social Field........................................................................................................ 212
Management Modernization................................................................................................ 212
Defense Industrial Base (BID)............................................................................................. 212
Brazil Among the Ten biggest Conventional Weapons Exporters in 2011......................... 215
Science, Technology and Innovation............................................................................... 219

CHAPTER 6 — DEFENSE ECONOMICS 221

Defense Budget................................................................................................................... 221

General Rules..................................................................................................................
221
Budget Process................................................................................................................
222
Defense Budget Principles..............................................................................................
223
Defense Budget Programs..............................................................................................
223
Defense Expenditures.........................................................................................................
224
International Scope.........................................................................................................
224
National Scope................................................................................................................
227

APPENDIX
APPENDIX I........................................................................................................................
237
Personnel.........................................................................................................................
237
2012 Military Personnel...............................................................................................
237
2012 Military Personnel by Location............................................................................
238
2012 Military Personnel in Peacekeeping Missions..................................................... 239
2012 Military Attachés Abroad.....................................................................................
239
2012 Civilian Personnel in the Ministry of Defense...................................................... 240
Defense Equipment.........................................................................................................
241
2012 Fleet Resources..................................................................................................
241
2012 Fleet Aviation.......................................................................................................
241
2012 Naval Districts’ Resources...................................................................................
242
2012 Naval Districts’ Aviation Resources....................................................................
242
2012 Marine Corps Resources.....................................................................................
243
2012 Hydro-oceanographic and Beaconing Resources............................................... 243
2012 Army Resources..................................................................................................
243
2012 Air Force Resources............................................................................................
244
Defense Budget...............................................................................................................
245
Budget Endowment (2011R$ Million Allocated)............................................................ 245
Expenditure by Organization (2011 R$ Million Liquidated)........................................... 246
Expenditure by Type of Expense (2011 R$ Million Liquidated).................................... 247
Personnel and Social Services Expenditure (2011 R$ Million Liquidated)................... 247
Debt Expenditure (2011 R$ Million Liquidated)............................................................ 248
Administrative Expenditure (2011 R$ Million Liquidated)............................................. 248
Investment Expenditure (2011 R$ Million Liquidated).................................................. 249
Tax collection (2011 R$ Million)....................................................................................
249
APPENDIX II....................................................................................................................... 250
Defense Deployment and Equipment Plan (PAED)......................................................... 250
Priority Projects of the MoD......................................................................................... 250
Priority Projects of the Navy........................................................................................ 251
Priority Projects of the Army........................................................................................ 256
Priority Projects of the Air Force.................................................................................. 258

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY........................................................................................................................... 261
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS....................................................................... 267
CONTRIBUTING INSTITUTIONS....................................................................................... 277
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................... 279