The country has a land mass of 30 million hectares, 52.

7 percent of which was classified as

forestlands. The country was identified as a megadiverse area in terms of tropical forests and
biodiverse ecosystems. Laws and policies were laid since CY 1975 in order to reform forest
management strategies. The forestry sector recently banked its future in two landmark
executive orders in CY 2011 which were E.O. No. 23 and E.O. No. 26, the former declaring a
moratorium on logging, and the latter implementing a National Greening Program

(NGP). The significant reduction in forest cover may have been brought about by decades of
lax legislations promoting extractive industries. It can be said that the policy landscape for the
said sector experienced shifting priorities which resulted to overlapping priorities and
implementation delays on the ground and across regions. The causes of illegal logging are
varied and complex.

For many decades, part of the reason why illegal logging and associated trade continued was
that consumers did not, and usually could not, distinguish between legally and illegally sourced
forest products. This is now changing, as a number of consumer countries take steps to
encourage the trade of legal wood and to support the enforcement of forest laws in wood-
producing countries. Overall, it lacked provisions in enforcement and institutionalization.

Demographic, economic, technological, institutional, and cultural factors were still

predominant in the sector in the form of upland encroachment, multiple land uses, ineffective
initiatives, and prevalence of non-complying extractive industries. The country among the
countries that are losing their forest cover fast, ranking 4th in the world's top 10 most
threatened forest hotspots.

Applicable Legal Bases

The legal bases related with the activation of the Forest Management Bureau, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (FMB, DENR), are as follows: P.D. No. 389, entitled
"Codifying, Revising and Updating all Forestry Laws and for Other Purposes the Forestry
Reform Code of the Philippines; and P.D. No. 705, otherwise known as "The Forestry Reform
Code of the Philippines. Providing for the Reorganization of the Department of Environment,
Energy and Natural Resources, and Renaming it as the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources and for Other Purposes."

E.O. No. 193, "Expanding the Coverage of the National Greening Program;" R.A. No. 10690,
"An Act Regulating the Practice of Forestry in the Philippines and Appropriating Funds
therefor." repealing for the purpose R.A. No. 6239, known as "The Forestry Profession Law."
Proclamation No. 2013-663, Repealing Proclamation No. 2057 and Transferring the
Administration of the Busuanga Pasture Reserve to the Forest Management Bureau,
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (FMB, DENR).
E.O. No. 23, "Declaring a Moratorium on the Cutting and Harvesting of Timber in the Natural
and Residual Forests and Creating the Anti-Illegal Logging Task Force;" E.O No. 26,
"Declaring an Inter Departmental Convergence Initiative for a National Greening Program;"
and P.D. No. 330, entitled "The Law Penalizing Timber Smuggling or Illegal Cutting of Logs
from Public Forests and Forest Reserves as Qualified Theft."

Historical Evolution

During the Spanish regime, on June 1863, the "Inspeccion General de Montes" was
inaugurated under the Spanish Government pursuant Administracion Civil" whose function
was to determine, through data to a Spanish Royal Decree under the "Direccion General de
collection, the extent of the country's forest resources and oversee their proper utilization. On
September 3, 1863, the Forestry Service was allowed by the Superior Civil Government to
intervene in all matters pertaining to cutting, extracting timber, resins, etc., and to open up
virgin lands to give concessions over mountain lands and transact business related to lands and
forests.

On February 1874, the government authorized the free use of timber under the gratuitous
license. Then, on November 30, 1894, the Royal Decree promulgated in Spain approved the
definite Forest Laws and Regulations for the Philippine Forest Service, which was drafted by
"Ministro de Ultimar." The regulations contained 138 Articles under nine Titles.

On August 13, 1898, the Land Law of the Islands was created to designate, inventory, and
mark the boundary of the forests belonging to the state, which shall constitute the forest zones
of the Governor-General under the General Dictorale of Civil Administration. On January 18,
1899, Gen. Emilio F. Aguinaldo made a decree combining the of Forests in Bureau of Public
Works and the Division of Mines in the Bureau of Agriculture and Industry as "General
Inspeccion of Forests and Mines.

During the American regime, on April 14, 1900, the "Inspeccion," was renamed into Forestry
Bureau by the U.S. Military Governor in the Philippines with the issuance of General Order
No. 50., Captain George P. Ahern, of the 96th U.S. Infantry, was named as its first Director.
On September 6, 1901, the Forestry Bureau was changed to Bureau of Forestry and was placed
under the newly created Department of Interior (DI) by virtue of Act No. 222.

In 1910s, the establishment of the Forester's Training School in Los Baños, Laguna, gave
opportunity for Filipinos to be trained and educated with Forestry Science. The first generation
of graduates assumed the position of the Bureau of Forestry. On November 18, 1916, the
Department of Interior (DI) was abolished and transferred all its functions and authority to the
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR). Under the Act, the DANR took
"direct executive control, direction, and supervision of the Bureau of Agriculture, Bureau of
Forestry, Bureau of Lands, Bureau of Science and the Weather Bureau, and all matters
concerning hunting, fisheries, sponges and other sea products, and such others as may be
hereafter assigned to it by Act No. 2666.

On January 1, 1933, the Division of Forest Fauna and Grazing of the Bureau of Forestry, the
Division of Zoology and the Division of Fisheries of the Bureau of Science were fused into one
special Division known, as the Fish and Game Administration, which was placed under the
direct administrative jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce (DAC) by
virtue of General Order No. 4 dated December 5, 1932. The period January 1, 1937, signaled
the Filipinization of the country's forest service by appointing Forester Florencio R. Tamesis,
as Director, Bureau of Forestry. On June 8, 1939, the jurisdiction by the Bureau of Forestry
over pasture areas and grazing lands was provided under Commonwealth Act No. 452.

During the Japanese occupation, on July 1, 1941, the functions of the Division of Forest Fauna
and Grazing was returned to the Bureau of Forestry and those of the Division of Zoology to the
Bureau of Science under the reorganization plan of the Fish and Game Administration under
the Department of Agriculture and Commerce (DAC) and was renamed as Division of
Fisheries. On January 30, 1942, the office became the Bureau of Forestry and Fishery under
the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce by virtue of Administrative Order No. 1 as
approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces in the country.

On February 1945, after the Second World War, the Bureau of Forestry was reopened with
Forester Carlos Sulit as Officer-in-Charge to continue the management of the country's
resources. On April 24, 1945, the Bureau of Forestry was reconstituted with five (5) divisions
and 44 district offices. The responsibilities of the bureau soon expanded requiring the creation
of additional functional divisions and units in the central office and in the field was separated
from the College of Forestry as provided by the During the Independence period, on 1957, the
Bureau of Forestry Reorganization Plan No. 30-A. Before, the Director of the Bureau serves as
ex-officio Dean, School of Forestry, University of the Philippines. The Forest Products
Institute was created from the merger of the Forest Products Laboratory and the Forest
Products Section of the Bureau of Forestry by virtue of Reorganization Plan No. 77.

On June 18, 1960, the Reforestation Administration was created to reforest and afforest bare
and denuded forest lands, especially critical watersheds by virtue of R.A. No. 2706. On
November 1, 1972, the Bureau of Forest Development (BFD) was created by virtue of P.D.
No. 1 wherein the Bureau of Forestry, the Parks, and Wildlife Office and the Reforestation
Administration were merged.

On December 18, 1974, the Forest Research Institute (FRI), was created with the Forest
Research Division (FRD) of the Bureau of Forest Development (DFD) as a nucleus, by virtue
of P.D. No. 607. It is now known as Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB),
under E.O. No. 192. On May 19, 1975, the Bureau of Forest Development (BFD) was formally
organized as a result of a merger of the Bureau of Forestry, Parks, and Wildlife Office.
Reforestation Administration and the Southern Cebu Reforestation Project, as provided in the
provisions of P.D. No. 705, revising P.D. No. 389, otherwise known as the "Forestry Reform
Code of the Philippines."

On July 10, 1985, the Wood Industry Development Authority (WIDA) was created to regulate,
control, supervise, and develop the wood industry of the Philippines in all aspects. The WIDA
absorbed the functions of the Presidential Committee on Wood Industry Development
(PCWID), and all the functions and powers of the BFD pertaining to forest utilization as
provided for by E.O. No. 1039.

During the post-EDSA revolution, June 10, 1987. on the Forest Management Bureau (FMB)
was created by virtue of E.O. No. 192, known as the "Reorganization Act of the DENR." The
FMB integrated and absorbed the powers and functions of the Bureau of Forest Development
(BFD) and the Wood Industry Development Authority (WIDA), except those line functions
and powers which were transferred to the Regional Field Offices (RFOS).

The Parks and Wildlife Division and the Marine Parks Program of the Bureau of Forest
Development (BFD) were absorbed by the newly created Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
(PAWB). Likewise, the Land Classification Teams (LCT) of the Bureau of Forest
Development (BFD) was integrated to the National Mapping and Resource Information
Authority (NMRIA), as an attached agency of the DENR.

On June 30, 1990, the "Master Plan for Forestry Development" was prepared to guide the long-
term development of the forestry sector in the Philippines. On October 29, 1991 and on July
19, 1995, community-based forest management was adopted as the national strategy to ensure
the sustainable development of the country's forestland resources and providing mechanisms
for its implementation due to the enactment of E.O. No. 263.

The forest service in the New Millennium, on October 2003, the "Revised Master Plan for
Forestry Development" was drafted as a result of the review and revision of the "1990 Master
Plan for Forestry Development." On May 11, 2005, the Forest Management Bureau (FMB)
was reconstituted into four divisions by virtue of E.O. No. 366. On January 2015, the
"Philippine Master Plan for Climate Resilient Forestry Development" was prepared taking into
consideration the potential impacts of climate change to the forestry sector.

Mandates, Vision and Mission

The mandates of the Forest Management Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (FMB, DENR), is read as follows: "to provide technical guidance to the central and
field offices for the effective protection, development, and conservation of forestlands and
watersheds. It shall recommend policies and programs towards the achievement of sustainable
forest management, based on science and principles of good forest governance."

The vision of the FMB, DENR is read as follows: "a forest that creates wealth for the nation as
the cradle of life, nurtured by the people's aspiration for a just, humane, and progressive
society, guided by the ideals of the ancestors, and the blessings of God Almighty." While the
mission of the FMB, DENR is read as follows: "a responsive government forest service
organization of competent professionals providing quality service and leadership in the
sustainable managemen of forest resources."

Framework for Sustainable Management

As a framework for implementing sustainable forest management, the forest instrument

includes a set of 25 national policies and measures, which are designed to bring the country
closer to the goal or achieving sustainably managed forest ecosystems all over the archipelago.
Although on voluntary basis, each member state of the United Nations Forum on Forests
(UNFF), is responsible for the sustainable management of its forests and enforcement of its
forest. related laws.

Importantly, in addition to the government's forest service units, all relevant stakeholders,
including Local Government Units (LGUs), local and indigenous communities, non-
government, civic society, academe, and media organizations will be involved through
transparent, participatory constructive engagements, dialogues, and consultations.

The set of 25 national policies and measures is wide ranging and covers diverse areas, such as
SFM policy development, strengthening forest legislation, promoting good governance,
increasing participation and strengthening partnerships, incorporating the results of science and
research, protecting traditional forest knowledge, developing financing strategies, promoting
private sector investments, enhancing the value of forest products and services, enhancing
access to forest resources and markets to support livelihood, and sharing of benefits equitably.

Implementation of Forest Instrument

The country has been making a concerted effort to reverse the downward trend in its forest
cover, enhancing forest ecosystems services, notably supplying water, mitigating and helping
various sectors to adapt to climate change, conserving biodiversity, reducing poverty in the
uplands, and meeting domestic needs for timber and non timber forest products.

The country has a rich history with active and participatory approaches toward stakeholders'
debate and involvement in forestry. However, stakeholders are grappling to find a common
perspective and strategy toward sustainable forest management. New national policies have
recently been promulgated imposing a moratorium on a National Greening Program (NGP)
that will require domestic investments of about Two Billion US Dollars to establish 1.5 million
hectares of additional forests within six years.

Support to the Forest Instrument

The country is receiving technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO-UN), for implementing the forest instrument with fundings provided by
the Government of Germany. The Forest Management Bureau, Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (FMB, DENR), is coordinating the efforts of forestry sector's
stakeholders in conducting an inventory of, and assessing sustainable forest management or
SFM related initiatives, identifying gaps, and assessing priority actions for putting SFM on the
ground all over the archipelago. It is envisaged that upon completion of the two-and-half year
project, the forestry stakeholders will be on a clear path towards sustainable management of all
types of forests, and will have the necessary capabilities to implement actions, monitor
progress, and share the lessons learned.

Adoption of State Policies

As provided for by Section 2, P.D. No. 705, the state hereby adopts the following policies:

1. The multiple uses of forest lands shall be oriented to the development and progress
requirements of the country, the advancement of science and technology, and the public
welfare;

2. The protection, development, and rehabilitation of forest lands shall be emphasized, so as to

ensure their continuity in productive condition.

3. The establishment of wood-processing plants shall be

encouraged and rationalized; and

4. Land classification and survey shall be systematized and hastened.

Jurisdictions of the FMB

As provided for by Section 5, P.D. No. 705, the bureau shall have jurisdiction and authority
over all forest lands, grazing lands, and all forest reservations, including watershed
reservations presently administered by other government agencies or instrumentalities. The
bureau shall regulate the establishment and operations of sawmills, veneer and plywood mills
and other wood processing plants, and conduct studies on domestic and world markets of forest
products.

It shall be responsible for the protection, development, management, regeneration, and

reforestation of forest lands; the regulations and supervision of the operations of licensees,
lessees, and permittees for the taking, or use of forest products there from, or the occupancy, or
use thereof; the implementation of multiple use and sustained yield management in forest
lands; the protection, development, and preservation of national parks, marine parks, game
refuges, and wildlife; the implementation of measures and programs to prevent "kaingin," and
managed occupancy of forest and grazing lands; in collaboration with other bureaus, the
effective, efficient, and economic classification of lands of the public domain; and the
enforcement of forestry, reforestation, parks, game, and wildlife laws, and rules and
regulations.

Organizational Structure

As provided for by E.O. No. 366, otherwise known as "The Government Rationalization
Program," the Forest Management Bureau (FMB) is headed by the Director, FMB, and assisted
by the Assistant Director, FMB. It is composed of the following divisions, namely: Forest
Policy, Planning, and Knowledge Management Division (FPPKMD); Forest Resources
Management Division (FRMD); Forest Resources Conservation Division (FRCD); and Forest
Investment Development Division (FIDD).

The Director and the Assistant Director, shall be appointed by the President. No person shall
be appointed Director or Assistant Director of the bureau unless he or she is a natural born
citizen of the Philippines, at least 30 years of age, a holder of at least a Bachelor's Degree in
Forestry, or its equivalent, and a Registered Forester (RF).

As provided for by Section 7, P.D. No. 705, the bureau shall be directly under the control and
supervision of the Secretary, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
hereinafter referred to as the Department Head.

Divisions and Regional Offices

As provided for by Section 10, P.D. No. 705, all positions in the merged agencies are
considered vacant. Present occupants may be appointed in accordance with a staffing pattern,
or plan, or organization to be prepared by the Director, FMB and approved by the Secretary,
DENR. Any appointee who fails to report for duty in accordance with the approved plan within
30 days upon receipt of notification shall be deemed to have declined the appointment, in
which case the position may be filed by any other qualified applicant.

The Secretary, DENR may, upon recommendation of the Director, FMB reorganize or create
such other divisions, sections, or units as may be deemed necessary, and to appoint the
personnel. Provided, that an employee appointed, or designated as Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of
a newly created division, section, or unit, or to an existing vacant position with a higher salary,
shall receive, from the date of such appointment, or designation until he or she is replaced, or
reverted to his or her original position, the salary corresponding to the position temporarily
held by him or her.

region, there shall be as many Forest Districts (FD) as may be There shall be created at least 17
Regional Offices (ROS). In each region there shall be as many Forest Districts(FD) as may be
necessary, in accordance with the extent of forest area, workloads, need for forest protection,
fire prevention and other factors, and the provisions of any law to the contrary
notwithstanding. Provided, that the boundaries of such districts shall follow, whenever
possible, natural boundaries of watersheds under the river-basin concept of management.

Manpower Policy Development

As provided for by Section 11, P.D. No. 705, the bureau shall establish and operate an in-
service training center for the purpose of upgrading and training its personnel and new
employees. The bureau shall also set aside adequate funds to enable personnel to obtain
specialized education and training in local or foreign colleges, or institutions.

There shall be established in the College of Forestry, University of the Philippines, Los Baños,
Laguna, in coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
and the wood industry, a Forestry Development Center (FDC), which shall conduct basic
policy researches in forestry policy formulation and implementation. To help defray the cost of
operating the said center, it is authorized to receive assistance from the wood industry and
other sources. It is provided for by P.D. No. 1559.

Performance Evaluation System

As provided for by Section 12, P.D. No. 705, the bureau shall devise a Performance Evaluation
System (PES), to be approved by the Secretary, DENR, to evaluate the performance of its
employees. The PES shall measure accomplishment in quantity and quality of performance as
related to the funded program of work assigned to each organizational unit. There shall be
included a system of periodic inspection of the Regional Offices (ROS) and District Offices
(DOs) by the Central Office (CO) in both functional fields, and in the overall assessment of
how each administrative unit has implemented the laws. regulations, policies, programs, and
practices relevant to such unit. The PES shall provide the information necessary for annual
progress reports and determination of employee training, civil service awards and transfer, or
disciplinary action.

Department Head's Power

As provided for by Section 44, P.D. No. 705, the Secretary, DENR may, by himself or herself,
or thru the Director, FMB, or any qualified person duly designated by the Secretary, DENR,
investigate, inspect and examine records, books, and other documents relating to the operations
of any holder of a license agreement, licensee, lease, or permit, and its subsidiary, or affiliated
companies to determine compliance with the terms and conditions thereof, provisions of the
decree, pertinent laws, policies, and rules and regulations.

Authority of Forest Officers

As provided for by Section 45, P.D. No. 705, when in the performance of their official duties,
forest officers, or other government officials, or employees duly authorized by the Secretary,
DENR or Director, FMB, shall have free entry into areas covered by a license agreement,
license, lease, or permit.

Forest officers are authorized to administer oath and take acknowledgment in official matters
connected with the functions of their office, and to take testimony in official investigation
conducted under the authority of the provisions of P.D. No. 705, and its implementing rules
and regulations.

Criminal Prosecution

As provided for by Section 53, P.D. 705, as amended by P.D. No. 1559, "kaingineros,
squatters, indigenous people, and other occupants, who entered into forest lands and grazing
lands before May 19, 1975, without permit or authority, shall not be prosecuted. Provided, that
they do not increase their clearings. Provided, further, that they undertake, within two months
from notice thereof, the activities to be imposed upon them by the bureau in accordance with
management plan calculated to conserve and protect forest resources in the area. Provided,
finally, that, "kaingineros, indigenous people, and other occupants, shall whenever the best
land use of the area so demands as determined by the Director, FMB be ejected and relocated
to the nearest accessible government resettlement area. squatters,

Offenses and Penalties

As provided for by Section 78, P.D. No. 705, any person who shall cut, gather, collect, remove
timber, or other forest products from any forestlands, or timber from alienable or disposable
public land, or from private land, without any authority, or possess timber or other forest
products without the legal documents as required under existing forest laws and regulations,
shall be punished with the penalties imposed under Articles 309 and 310, Revised Penal Code
(RPC). Provided, that in the case of partnership, association, or corporation, the officer who
ordered the cutting, gathering, collection, or possession shall be liable, and if such officer is
alien, he or she shall, in addition to the penalty, be deported without further proceedings on the
part of the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID).

The court shall further order the confiscation in favor of the government of the timber, or any
forest products cut, gathered, collected, removed, or possessed, as well as the machinery,
equipment, implements, and tools illegally used in the area where the timber, or forest products
are found. This is amended by P.D. No. 1559, and by E.O. No. 277, promulgated on July 25,
1987, and published on Official Gazette No. 31 on August 3, 1987.

As provided for by Section 78-A, P.D. No. 705, as amended by E.O. No. 277, in all cases of
violations of the decree, or other forest laws, rules, and regulations, the Secretary, DENR or his
or her duly authorized representative, may order the confiscation of any forest products
illegally cut, gathered, removed, or possessed, or abandoned, and all conveyances used either
by land, water, or air in the commission of the offense, and to dispose the same in accordance
with pertinent laws, regulations, or policies on the matter.

As provided for by Section 83, P.D. No. 705, the imprisonment of not less than two years nor
more than four years, in addition to the confiscation of the implements used in the violation of
this Section including the cancellation of the license, if any, shall be imposed upon any person
who shall, without permit to survey from the Director, FMB enter any forestlands, whether
covered by a license agreement, lease, license, or permit, or not, and conduct, or undertake a
survey for whatever purpose.

As provided for by Section 86, P.D. No. 705, any person who coerces, influences, abets, or
persuades the public officer or employee referred to in Sections 74 and 75, P.D. No. 705,
commits any of the acts mentioned therein, shall suffer imprisonment of not less than one (1)
year and to pay a fine of Five Hundred Pesos (P500.00) for every hectare, or a fraction thereof
so improperly surveyed, classified, or released.

In all other cases, any person who coerces, influences, abets, or persuades the public officer, or
employee by using power and influence in deciding any pending case, or matter in his or her
favor shall be punished by a fine of not more than Five Thousand Pesos (P5,000.00), and
imprisonment of not less than one year. It is amended by P.D. No. 1559.

As provided for by Section 89, P.D. No. 705, a forest officer, or employee of the bureau, or
any personnel of the Philippine National Police (PNP), shall arrest even without warrant any
person who has committed, or is committing in his or her presence any of the offenses defined
in the decree. He or she shall also seize and confiscate, in favor of the government, the tools
and equipment used in committing the offense, and the forest products cut, gathered, or taken
by the offender in the process of committing the offense.

The arresting forest officer or employee shall thereafter deliver within six hours from the time
of arrest and seizure, the offender and the confiscated forest products, tools, implements, and
equipment, and to refer the proper complaint with the appropriate official designated by law to
conduct preliminary investigation, and the subsequent filing of information to the proper court.

If the arrest and seizure are made in the forest, far from the authorities designated by law to
conduct preliminary investigation, the delivery to, and filing of the complaint with the latter
shall be done within a reasonable time sufficient to the place of delivery. The seized products,
materials, and equipment shall be immediately disposed of in accordance with Forestry
Administrative Orders (FAOS) promulgated by the Secretary, DENR.

The Secretary, DENR may deputize any agency, barangay or barrio officials, or any qualified
person to protect the forest, and exercise the power or authority provided for in the preceding
paragraph.

Reports and complaints regarding the commission of any of the offenses defined in the decree,
not committed in the presence of any forest officer or employee, or any personnel of the
Philippine National Police (PNP), or any of the deputized officers or officials, shall be
immediately investigated by the forest officer assigned in the area, or any personnel of the
Philippine National Police (PNP), where the offense was allegedly committed, who shall
thereupon receive the evidence supporting the report or complaint.

If there is prima facie evidence to support the complaint or report, the investigating forest
officer, or personnel of the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall file the necessary complaint
with the appropriate official authorized by law to conduct a preliminary investigation of
criminal cases, and file an information in court. This is amended by P.D. No. 1775.

As provided for by Section 89-A, P.D. No. 705, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
shall organize a Special Force (SF) in every region to help enforce the provisions of the decree
under such rules and regulations as may be agreed upon by the Secretary, DND and Secretary,
DENR. This is inserted by P.D. No. 1559.

As provided for by Section 89-B, P.D. No. 705, in all cases of violations of the decree and
other forest laws, rules, and regulations where fine is the principal penalty, the Director, FMB,
is hereby authorized to impose administratively the penalty consisting of the fine. This is
inserted by P.D. No. 1559.

CHAPTER REVIEW

Identification: Write the answer on the blank or space provided before each number.

1. P.D. No. 389

2. P.D. No. 705

3. E.O. No. 193

4. R.A. No. 10690

5. R.A. No. 6239

6. E.O. No. 23

7. E.O No. 26,

8. P.D. No. 330
9. Inspeccion General de Montes
10. Ministro de Ultimar
 Enumeration:

List the four (4) divisions of the BFAR.

11. Forest Policy, Planning, and Knowledge Management Division (FPPKMD);

12. Forest Resources Management Division (FRMD);
13. Forest Resources Conservation Division (FRCD)
14. Forest Investment Development Division (FIDD).

Essay (15-20): Explain in brief the authority of forest officers.

The entry of forest officers or other government officials who have been approved by the
Secretary, the Department of Environmental Protection, or the Director of the Forest
Management Bureau into an area covered by a license agreement; license; lease; or permit shall
be permitted without charge.
Forest officers are authorized to administer oaths and take acknowledgments in official matters
pertaining to their duties, as well as to testify in official investigations conducted under the
authority of P.D. No. 705, in accordance with the provisions of P.D. No. 705, and its
implementing rules and regulations.