AMP Syllabus

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MASTER of SCIENCE in PHYSICS

Semester IV
Course Code: PH-CT503
Course Name: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Marks: 100 Duration: 60 Hrs (45L+ 15T)

Course Objectives
The main objective is to teach the students the basic atomic and molecular (diatomic)
structures with quantum mechanical approach leading to their fundamental spectroscopies.
The fundamentals and properties of a coherent light source as Laser (various types) will
also be taught.

Contents:
Unit I (13 lectures)
Atomic Physics : Fine structure of hydrogenic atoms, Mass correction, spin-orbit term,
Darwin term. Intensity of fine structure lines. Effect of magnetic and electric fields:
Zeeman, Paschen-Bach and Stark effects. The ground state of two-electron atoms –
perturbation theory and variational methods. Many-electron atoms – Central Field
Approximation-LS and jj coupling schemes, Lande interval rule. The Hartrec-Fock
equations. The spectra of alkalis using quantum defect theory. Selection rules for electric
and magnetic multipole radiation. Auger process.

Unit II (10 lectures)


Molecular Structure : Born-Oppenheimer approximation for diatomic molecules, rotation,
vibration and electronic structure of diatomic molecules. Spectroscopic terms. Centrifugal
distortion. Electronic structure-Molecular symmetry and the states. Molecular orbital and
valence bond methods for H 2 and H2. Morse potential. Basic concepts of correlation
diagrams for heteronuclear molecules.

Unit III (11 lectures)


Molecular Spectra : Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules-rigid and non-rigid rotors,
isotope effect, Vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules- harmonic and anharmonic
vibrators, Intensity of spectral lines, dissociation energy, vibration-rotation spectra,
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules- vibrational structure of electronic transitions (
coarse structure)-progressions and sequences. Rotational structure of electronic bands (Fine
structure)-P,Q,R branches. Fortrat diagram. Intensities in electronic bands-The Franck-
Condon principle.The electron spin and Hund’s cases. Raman Effect. Electron Spin
Resonance. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Unit IV (11 lectures)


Lasers : Life time of atomic and molecular states. Multilevel rate equations and saturation.
Coherence and profile of spectral lines. Rabi frequency. Laser pumping and population
inversion. He-Ne Laser, Solid State laser, Free-electron laser. Non-linear phenomenon.
Harmonic generation. Liquid and gas lasers, semiconductor lasers.

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Course Learning Outcomes
Students will learn the details of atomic and diatomic molecular (diatomic) structures in
terms of quantum mechanical treatment elaborately beyond the basic models. It will give
the descriptions of fine structure of atoms and rotational, vibrational and electronic energies
of molecules manifesting in their respective spectroscopies.
The details of these spectroscopies would serve as the fundamentals for various concerned
experimental results. The basic principles of light coherence as laser with their types and
variants will also be covered exposing the students to the important modern spectroscopic
tool.

Suggested Readings
1. Physics of Atoms and Molecules, B. H. Bransden and C. J. Jochain (2nd Ed., Pearson
Education, 2003)
2. Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure, G. Herzberg (Dover Publications, 2003)
3. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, G. Herzberg (Van Nostrand, 1950)
4. Atoms, Molecules and Photons, W. Demtroder (Springer, 2006)
5. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, C. N. Banwell (McGraw Hill, 1983)
6. Basic atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy, J. M. Hollas (Royal Society of Chemistry,
2002)
7. Principles of Lasers, O. Svelto ( 5th Ed., Springer, 2010)
8. Laser Spectroscopy, W. Demtroder (3rd Ed., Springer, 2003)
9. Molecular Quantum Mechanics, P Atkins & R. Friedman (Oxford Univ. Press,
2005)
10. Quantum Chemistry, I. N. Levine (7th Ed., Pearson, 2016)
1.

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