FACTORS AFFECTING THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS OF

LA PATRIA COLLEGE IN HYBRID LEARNING: ONLINE CLASS VS FACE

TO FACE CLASS

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The advent of online education has made it possible for students with busy

lives and limited flexibility to obtain a quality education. As opposed to

traditional classroom teaching, Web-based instruction has made it possible to

offer classes worldwide through a single Internet connection. Although it boasts

several advantages over traditional education, online instruction still has its

drawbacks, including limited communal synergies. Still, online education seems

to be the path many students are taking to secure a degree.

Computer-assisted instruction is changing the pedagogical landscape as an

increasing number of students are seeking online education. Colleges and

universities are now touting the efficiencies of Web-based education and are

rapidly implementing online classes to meet student needs worldwide. One study

reported “increases in the number of online courses given by universities have

been quite dramatic over the last couple of years” (Lundberg et al., 2018). Think

tanks are also disseminating statistics on Web-based instruction. “In 2020, the

Sloan Consortium found a 17% increase in online students from the years

before, beating the 12% increase from the previous year” Assessment of
Students’ Learning is a three-unit professional education subject taken by

Education students. It involves concepts and principles on what and how our

future teachers assess their future learners. Though there are existing references

in this subject, there is a limited book that contains all the lessons stipulated in

the course design or learning program used in the University. As instructor of

this Assessment of learning for almost 8 years, the researcher had seen the

relevance of having a module in delivering the content of this subject. Aside

from the fact that it will offer individualized instruction, the module blends the

theory and practice which are vital to students’ learning experiences.

Online and traditional education share many qualities. Students are still

required to attend class, learn the material, submit assignments, and complete

group projects. While teachers, still have to design curriculums, maximize

instructional quality, answer class questions, motivate students to learn, and

grade assignments. Despite these basic similarities, there are many differences

between the two modalities. Traditionally, classroom instruction is known to be

teacher-centered and requires passive learning by the student, while online

instruction is often student- centered and requires active learning.

In teacher-centered, or passive learning, the instructor usually controls

classroom dynamics. The teacher lectures and comments, while students listen,

take notes, and ask questions. In student-centered, or active learning, the

students usually determine classroom dynamics as they independently analyze

the information, construct questions, and ask the instructor for clarification. In
this scenario, the teacher, not the student, is listening, formulating, and

responding (Salcedo, 2020).

In education, change comes with questions. Despite all current reports

championing online education, researchers are still questioning its efficacy.

Research is still being conducted on the effectiveness of computer-assisted

teaching. Cost-benefit analysis, student experience, and student performance are

now being carefully considered when determining whether online education is a

viable substitute for classroom teaching. This decision process will most

probably carry into the future as technology improves and as students demand

better learning experiences.

It is the primary goal of this study to determine the factors affecting the

effectiveness of hybrid learning namely online classes and face to face classes

to the electrical engineering students of La Patria College School Year 2022 –

2023.

Theoretical Framework

This study adheres to the Transactional Distance Theory (Moore, n.d.). It

states that distance education is not only the separation or the distance between

the teacher and the learner geographically but as well as the time or space. In

this theory, distance is a pedagogical phenomenon rather than geographical.

Transactional distance is a function of elements namely: (a) dialogue, (b)

learner’s autonomy, and (c) structure. Dialogue is the interaction between the

teacher and the learner. Learners’ autonomy is the capacity or the varying
capacity of learners to learn. The structure is the course design and programs

that can be delivered via various communication media.

In this study, dialogue represents the means that the teacher uses to

deliver education which is primarily the use of Self Learning Modules. Teacher

intervention will also be considered as the dialogue since teacher-learner

communication happens during the conduct of those activities to support the

learner to become more effective in modular distance learning. The SLM quality

and usability comprise the structure since the SLMs’ are created based on the

MELC which serves as the curriculum in the implementation of modular distance

learning in this time of the pandemic. While teacher and learner dialogue can be

facilitated using different communication media such as the internet that can be

used to facilitate synchronous or real-time interaction between teacher and

learner. Asynchronous activities can be facilitated thru various communication

platforms such as email, text, and instant messaging was used as well as to

provide interventions or instructional support. The implementation of distance

learning in this level, scale, and magnitude requires a combination or a selection

thereof to cater to various learners’ needs and capacities. While learner

autonomy at the elementary level is most likely be significant, teachers will be

the ones who will provide direction to the learning process. While the structure

of the program and delivery is standard and is done thru the use of the SLM, its

implementation will vary from learner to learner depending on their capacity,

resources, and other instructional provisions.

 Transactional distance is the collection of perceived psychological,

cognitive, and affective distances between learners and instructors in the

distance learning environment. That distance can affect the learning engagement

as well as the attainment of intended learning outcomes. Since the

implementation of MDL relies heavily on the use of SLM to enable learners to

learn and for teachers to teach. This scenario explains the link that completes

the teaching and learning process is through the use of SLM which ensures the

amount of learning the learner gets. This study will look at the effectiveness of

the SLM in the implementation of modular distance learning focusing on factors

such as the SLM quality of content, usability, and teachers’ interventions.

In the implementation of modular distance learning, learners vary in

capacity and resources thus learning using the SLM will affect its effectiveness.

The teacher uses interventions to address these concerns and address learning

difficulties encountered in modular distance learning. In this study, teacher

intervention will be considered as a factor in the effectiveness of the SLM in the

implementation of modular distance learning at the elementary level.

The independent variables in the study were the SLM quality of content

and usability, and teachers’ implemented intervention and the dependent

variable was the Effectiveness of the Self-Learning Modules in the

Implementation of Modular Distance Learning in the Elementary Level based on

teachers and learners’ evaluation.

Quality of content and usability were evaluated by the teacher

respondents. The SLM quality of content and usability and teachers’

implemented intervention were correlated against the effectiveness of SLM

based on teachers’ and learners’ evaluation to determine if there is a significant

relationship between the variables. Multiple regression was conducted to

correlate variables to determine if those variables can predict the effectiveness

of SLM.

The effectiveness of the implementation of modular distance learning lies

primarily in the main tool used in the system which is the Self Learning Module.

Teacher interaction with the learner to support learning was limited and rely

only on available communication media or platforms available to both teacher

and learner. The learner is the main consumer of the SLM and at the same time,

the main tool of the teacher in delivering modular distance learning thus

determines its effectiveness. In this study, SLMs’ quality of content and

usability, and teacher implemented interventions are the focus since these

characteristics will greatly affect its effectiveness in the implementation of

modular distance learning. These factors greatly determine the effectiveness of

SLMs as a learning tool on the part of the learner and as a teaching tool for the

teacher.

Statement of the Problem

This research would like to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the student respondents in terms of their:

a. Age

b. Gender/Sex
 c. Year level

2. What is the perception of the respondents in the factors affecting the

hybrid learning program online class or face to face class in relation to:

a. Online Connectivity;

b. Knowledge on online applications;

c. Content;

d. Language Used; and

e. Evaluation Activities.

3. What are the possible ways to improve hybrid learning?

Research Paradigm

Input Process Output

Student-
Respondents profile:

- Age
Assessment of
- Gender
Modular Learning
- Year level
Assessment of the Program

factors affecting

online and face to

Improved Modular
face classes
Learning Program
effectiveness thru

questionnaires

FEEDBACK

Figure 1.

Paradigm of the Study

IPO Diagram (Input-Process-Output)

Scope and Delimitation

This research endeavor is delimited in assessing the Factors affecting the

hybrid learning of Electrical Engineering Students of La Patria College, S.Y.

2022-2023. Moreover, it also focused on assessing the perception of the

respondents on the condition of the learning environment and their attitudes and

goals toward learning.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study would provide an in-depth understanding on the

study habits of the respondents, which can be a ground of forming an insight on

the behavior of the respondents towards learning. The researchers as well

believed that the findings of this study is be useful to the following.

School Administrator . The results arrived at in this study will serve as a

basis on what kind of improvement can be done to make the learning process and

environment more conducive for learning especially with the new normal in the

current COVID-19 pandemic.

Faculty Members. The findings of this research endeavor may help the

faculty member in guiding their students towards the development of good

learning habits.

Students . Being the core of the education system, the results obtained in

this study will provide them an idea towards learning, which could serve as

motivating factor on them to develop such attitude which really benefit them

especially in understanding themselves and the world around through the

knowledge or information they acquired.

 Parents . Being an integral part of the educational process of the students

in school, it is then essential that parents should be aware on the attitude of

their children for them to provide the most appropriate guidance they really

needed for the development of a productive and better life.

Future Researchers. This study is not expected to provide final and

conclusive findings that is applicable to situation, thus further research may still

be conducted along this line and the idea gained by the researchers can be used

by future researchers as benchmark to further studies.

Definition of Terms

Assessment – evaluation: a judgment about something based on the understanding of the

situation (Encarta, 2020)

Habit – something done all the time: an action or behavior pattern that is regular repetitive, and

often unconscious (Webster, 2020)

Perception – is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in

order to present and understand the presented information, or the environment.

Profile – a representation of something in outline especially: a human head or face represented

or seen in a side view.

Respondents – a person who replies to something, especially one supplying information for a

survey or questionnaire or responding to a advertisement.

Reviewing – covering of learned material again: a brief discussion of subject matter already

learned, in preparation for a test (Grolier, 2020)

Student – person studying: somebody who is studying at a school, college or university

(Thesaurus, 2020)