Article Review 2, GULRA KARABIYIK

Entrepreneurship & Innovation
Innovation
Innovation is the recognition, production and development of new thoughts and possibilities with a
different and new perspective. Innovation covers all the processes carried out to develop a new or
improved service or production method and to make it commercially profitable. It is the development of
an already existing product or idea, or the fulfillment of people's needs and the implementation of
studies towards these goals. New or improved product or service development arises from new
thinking. Innovation is an ongoing activity. Therefore, these ideas and their results, which are put
forward, developed and marketed as a result, need to be re-evaluated and used for new returns. If we
have noticed, all these definitions and sentences used for innovation always contain the word `new`.
The essence of innovation is actually 'original and different'.
Common characteristics of innovative people; They are forward-thinking, observant, sensitive, open to
learning, curious, dreamy, solution-oriented, courageous, and have a spirit that loves to explore.
In summary, we can explain innovative thinking as the meeting of bright ideas with commercial
intelligence.
Types of Innovation
 Product Innovation: In addition to producing a new product, it is presenting the existing
products to the market by replacing them with better and higher quality versions.
 Service Innovation: To offer any initiative directly or indirectly to benefit customers or
businesses. For example: Bring, BiTaksi
 Process Innovation: It is the application of a new technology method in products or services that
helps a company stay competitive in the market, customer satisfaction and meet customer
demands.
 Marketing Innovation: It is the study of marketing strategies to increase the market share of an
already existing product or service by acquiring new customers in order to increase the
satisfaction of existing customers.
Entrepreneurship
We can describe a well-designed idea as making money by marketing a product or service.
Entrepreneurship is a way to implement innovation; We can also describe it as providing a buyer for a
product or service that you have purchased for a certain price at an uncertain price, and marketing the
product or service in accordance with its target audience. However, it is important to remember that the
risk in entrepreneurship is very high compared to innovation. An entrepreneur is someone who
innovates by taking risks. In other words, an entrepreneur is one who looks for opportunities and tries
to realize his idea by taking all kinds of risks when he finds them. Generating ideas is essential for
entrepreneurship. Although entrepreneurship is a very broad subject, it is divided into many types such
as creative entrepreneurship, women's entrepreneurship, internal/foreign entrepreneurship, social
entrepreneurship, internet entrepreneurship.
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION?
Entrepreneurship and innovation are complementary concepts. Innovation is actually the source of
entrepreneurship. While innovation takes steps towards what the current market needs, money can be
made with entrepreneurship. If you want an innovative idea to exist in the current market, you can
achieve this with entrepreneurship. If you want to put something forward and achieve success in the
name of entrepreneurship, you must make a difference and continue to work towards the needs of
people. At this point, innovative thoughts should accompany you on your way. In short, it is not possible
to talk about one without the other.
Basically, we can say that entrepreneurship and technology combine to form innovation, and innovation
and entrepreneurship combine to form economic development.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION?
* While innovation has a short durability, entrepreneurship has a long durability.
* There is no great risk in innovation. However, great risks are taken in entrepreneurship compared to
innovation.
* While innovation is the result of new thinking, entrepreneurship is the process of innovating a
business opportunity.
* While innovators lose interest after the idea stage, entrepreneurs fail but do not give up. They rethink
and work hard to make their venture more successful.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND TURKEY
Intentional Entrepreneurs
People who have the desire/intention to become an entrepreneur but have not taken any concrete
steps for this are defined as Persons with Entrepreneurial Intention. These individuals are intentional
entrepreneurs with the potential to start a business in the future (within the next three years).
The rate of intentional entrepreneurs in Turkey is 35.54%, with European countries (14.2%), Brazil
(26.23%), China (17.56%) and the United States (17.28%) participating in the research. rate is
considerably higher. Turkey ranks first among European countries.
Entrepreneurs in the Establishment Stage
The Foundation Stage Entrepreneurs Index (KAGE) is an index that shows the proportion of people who
have been preparing for a job they have been considering for the last year (such as starting to save
money, looking for a place, forming a foundation staff, and working on a business plan) in the adult
population. Truck. The Entrepreneurship Index at the Establishment Stage in Turkey was 7.41% in 2018.
The European average is 4.38%.
Entrepreneurs with a New Business
The Entrepreneurs Having a New Business Index (YİSGE) is an index showing the proportion of
entrepreneurs who have not paid salaries to themselves and/or their employees for less than three
months and more than three and a half years, among the adult population.
While one out of every fourteen people between the ages of 18 and 64 in Turkey owns a new business,
this ratio is one person out of every twenty-nine people in European countries, and is in the first place in
the list of eighteen European countries.
Early Entrepreneurs
Early Entrepreneurship Activity consists of Entrepreneurs at the Establishment Stage and Entrepreneurs
Who Own a New Business. This rate decreased to 14.24% in 2018.
In-House Entrepreneurs
GEM research defines intrapreneurs as individuals who, as part of their normal job for their employer:
take an active role in one of the stages of development of a new idea and/or preparation and
implementation of a new activity. When evaluated in terms of Turkey, the ratio of people who have
been engaged in entrepreneurial activities as part of a normal job for their employer in the last three
years among the adult population between the ages of 18-64 is 3.2%. This rate is lower than the average
of the European Countries participating in the survey (4.94%).
 https://webdosya.kosgeb.gov.tr/Content/Upload/Dosya/Giri%C5%9Fimcilik/GEM_K
%C3%BCresel_Giri%C5%9Fimcilik_Monit%C3%B6r%C3%BC-2019_T%C3%BCrkiye_Raporu.pdf
SOME QUESTIONS FOR MYSELF AT THE END OF THIS LESSON

 Why does the government support entrepreneurship?
- Because the contribution of entrepreneurship and small businesses to the state economy is too great
to be underestimated. we can even say that it forms the backbone of the economy. Almost half of the
gross national product produced is realized by small enterprises.
 Does the financial support given by the government to small businesses (KOSGEB etc.) work?
- I think it did. My sister, who graduated from the pharmacy department 3 years ago, was able to open
her own pharmacy thanks to KOSGEB. Without KOSGEB support, this process would have been much
more difficult and long.
 Why is small business and entrepreneurship important?
- There are many reasons. The most important of these is the resilience of small enterprises in the face
of crises compared to large enterprises. Even when we look at the historical process, it is seen that small
businesses are not affected by economic crises, on the contrary, they contribute to overcoming crises. In
addition, thanks to their flexible structures, they produce products of much higher quality and much
cheaper. this is why they have become the backbone of the economy. they also contribute to the
reduction of unemployment and increase of employment.
 What are the challenges of entrepreneurship?
- Financial difficulties, inadequacy of production technology, lack of resources, lack of qualified
personnel, inability to make sales plans.
 Why don't we take a step when we have ideas for entrepreneurship?
- The thought that we are always late to start because we do not have enough experience, because
cultural problems such as family and relatives pressure us, fear of failure, perfectionism, not being able
to quit the current job, that is, not taking.
Articles:
1. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/389584
2. https://books.google.com.tr/books?
hl=tr&lr=&id=6AFREAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=entrepreneurship+innovation&ots=2XvhyE1
9bV&sig=fSDp7eFVhOWmDVuXRK_0O3L1Dyc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=entrepreneurship
%20innovation&f=false
3. https://www.oberlo.com/blog/what-is-entrepreneurship
4. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/9283
21942848/ Gülra Karabıyık

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Entrepreneurship & Innovation

SOME QUESTIONS FOR MYSELF AT THE END OF THIS LESSON

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