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Class 7 Light Notes

This document provides an overview of light and optics concepts taught in Class 7. It defines light and its propagation, as well as luminous and illuminated objects. It describes reflection of light off surfaces like plane mirrors, and discusses the characteristics of images formed by plane mirrors including lateral inversion. It also covers spherical mirrors like concave and convex mirrors, the types of images they form, and their uses. The document concludes by defining lenses, the types of images formed by convex and concave lenses, and common uses of lenses.

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133 views

Class 7 Light Notes

This document provides an overview of light and optics concepts taught in Class 7. It defines light and its propagation, as well as luminous and illuminated objects. It describes reflection of light off surfaces like plane mirrors, and discusses the characteristics of images formed by plane mirrors including lateral inversion. It also covers spherical mirrors like concave and convex mirrors, the types of images they form, and their uses. The document concludes by defining lenses, the types of images formed by convex and concave lenses, and common uses of lenses.

Uploaded by

chotu bhanu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APEEJAY SCHOOL, NOIDA

CLASS 7
LIGHT NOTES
Light
Light is the form of energy that makes things visible to us.
Propagation of light in a straight line is known as rectilinear propagation of light.

Luminous and illuminated objects:


Any object that generates light is called a luminous object.
Most objects around us are illuminated. They appear bright because light falls on
them.

When do you see things:


When you look into a plane mirror, we see a reflection of yourself. This happens
because light passes from you to the mirror and reflects back to your eyes.

Reflection of light:
When light falls on a surface, a part of it hits the surface and returns like a ball that
bounces back. This phenomenon in which light falling on a surface of the object is
sent back by the surface of the object is called the reflection of light.

Image:
 An image is an optical representation of an object. An image can be either
real or virtual.
 The images that can be formed on a screen or called real images.
 The images that cannot be formed on the screen are called virtual images.
 The human eyes and eyes of other animals produce images with the help of
lens.
Plane Mirror
Characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror:

 The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual and erect.


 The image undergoes lateral inversion.
 The size of the image formed by a plane mirror is the same as that of the
object.

The distance of the object from the mirror is equal to the distance of the image
from the mirror, that is, image distance is equal to object distance.

Lateral inversion:
A plane mirror reverses an image. This means that when we see our image in a
plane mirror, our right side appears on the left and our left side seen on the right side
of the mirror. Only the sides are interchanged, the image does not appear upside
down. This is known as lateral inversion of the object.
The word 'ambulance' on an ambulance is written in mirror writing laterally, so that
other drivers ahead of it can see the word the right way when they look in their rear -
view mirrors.
Uses of plane mirror:

 The regular reflection caused by plane mirrors can be used to record pictures
for television shows.
 Plane mirror is used in making a Periscope.
 Plane mirrors are used in a microscope to illuminate the object you want to
observe.

Spherical Mirrors:

Unlike plane mirrors that are flats, spherical mirrors have curved surfaces. Spherical
Mirrors are of two kinds:

 Concave mirror
 Convex mirror

Concave mirror: A concave mirror is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is on the
inner side. It is also known as a converging mirror, as a parallel beam of light after reflection
from a concave mirror converges at a point.
Convex mirror: A convex mirror is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is on the
outer side. It is also known as a diverging mirror, as the parallel beam of light after reflection
from a convex mirror diverges.

Concave Mirrors form real images:


The image formed by a concave mirror can be a real image and captured on a screen. The
image is also inverted.
Concave Mirrors also form virtual images when a candle is close to the mirror a virtual image
is formed.
Uses of concave mirror:

 Concave mirrors of large focal lens are used as shaving mirrors.


 Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in headlights of vehicles, searchlights
etc.
 Concave and convex mirrors are used in reflection telescopes.
 Concave mirrors are used in devices such as solar cookers.

Convex Mirrors form only virtual images:


It is not possible to project the image formed by a convex mirror on a sheet of paper.
A convex mirror does not form a real image, it only form virtual images.
Uses of convex mirrors:

 Convex mirrors are used in buses to help the driver see the whole bus.
 Convex mirrors are used as rear view Mirrors of vehicles.
 Convex mirrors are used as field view Mirrors in supermarkets as they cover a
wider range of vision.
Lenses:
A lens is a transparent material such as glass, with two surfaces out of which at least
one is a spherical surface.
There are two types of lenses:
Convex lens and
Concave lens
Convex lenses:

 Convex lenses are also called converging lenses since they converge a given
parallel beam of light passing through them.
 They are thicker at the middle and thinner at the edges.

Concave lenses:

 Concave lenses are also called diverging lenses since they diverge a parallel
beam of light passing through them.
 They are thinner at the middle and thicker at the edges.

Image formed by concave lens:


A concave lens cannot produce a real image as the light rays passing through it do not
converge. It forms only a virtual, diminished and erect image.
A concave lens diverges light. This means it bends light outwards. That is why, a concave
lens is called a diverging lens.
Image formed by convex lens:
An image formed by a convex lens depend on the distance of the object from the convex
lens. When object is placed at far off distance from a convex lens, then the image formed by
the convex lens is real, inverted and much smaller than the object (or highly diminished).
When object is placed at a very close distance from a convex lens, then the image formed
by the convex lens is virtual, erect and enlarged

Light passing on a convex lens converges. This means the lens bends light inwards.
Convex lens also converges heat waves and therefore it can burn paper.
Uses of convex and concave lenses:

 Convex lenses are used as magnifying glasses (simple microscope).


 Convex and concave lenses are used for correcting defects of the eye.
 Concave lens is used as a peephole.
 Convex and concave lenses are used for cameras and projectors.
 Convex and concave lenses are used in Binoculars, telescopes and
microscopes.

 Dispersion of light:
 When a beam of white light is passed through a Prism, it splits into its
component colours. This phenomenon is called Dispersion of light. The band
of colours that is obtained is called a spectrum. White light is actually made up
of seven colours. The order of colours is violet, Indigo, blue, green, yellow,
orange and red. we can say it VIBGYOR.

 How the rainbow forms:


The different colours in a Rainbow are formed due to Dispersion of Sunlight as it
passes through small water droplets in the air after rain. The different colours thus
formed appear in the form of a large curve in the sky called a rainbow.
 Newton's disc can also be used to show how the seven colours can again be
combined to form white colour. The area of the disc is divided into 7 equal parts and
each part is coloured using each of the seven colours. If you rotate the disc fast it
appears white in colour.

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