EXAM 2 SOLUTIONS MANUAL

Problem 1 Perform the operation

(15 + 3i )(13 − 2i ) + 7i771 + ( 6 + 2i )2
(19 + 11i )
Take note that
771
i = −i ,
(15 + 3i )(13 − 2i ) = 201 + 9i , and
( 6 + 2i ) = 32 + 24i .
2

Substituting these,
( 201 + 9i ) + 7 ( −i ) + ( 32 + 24i ) = 233 + 26i .
(19 + 11i ) 19 + 11i
Rationalizing,
233 + 26i 19 − 11i 4713 − 2069i
• = .
19 + 11i 19 − 11i 482
4713 − 2069i 4713 2069
Therefore, the correct answer is or − i.
482 482 482

Problem 2 Transform into mod-arg and polar forms:

a. ( 7 + 5i )
2

By special products,
( 7 + 5i )2 = 24 + 70i .
Then,
2 2 −1 ⎛ 70 ⎞
r = 24 + 70i = 24 + 70 = 74 and θ = tan ⎜ .
⎝ 24 ⎟⎠
−1⎛ 70 ⎞
⎡ ⎛ 70 ⎞ ⎤ i tan
Therefore, ( 7 + 5i ) = 74cis ⎢ tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ and ( 7 + 5i ) = 74e
2 2 ⎜⎝ 24 ⎟⎠
.
⎣ ⎝ 24 ⎠ ⎦

⎛ 9+i ⎞
b. ( 6 − 4i ) ⎜
2

⎝ ⎟
6 + 4i ⎠
By special products,
( 6 − 4i )2 = 20 − 48i .
By rationalizing,
9+i 6 − 4i 29 − 15i
• = .
6 + 4i 6 − 4i 26
The expression becomes

( 6 − 4i )2 ⎛⎜⎝ 6 + 4i ⎞⎟⎠ = ( 20 − 48i ) ⎛⎜⎝

9+i 29 − 15i ⎞ −70 − 846i
⎟⎠ = .
26 13
Then,
 2 2
−70 − 846i ⎛ −70 ⎞ ⎛ −846 ⎞ −1 ⎛ −846 ⎞
r= = ⎜⎝ 13 ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ 13 ⎟⎠ = 2 1066 and θ = tan ⎜⎝ ⎟.
13 −70 ⎠
−1⎛ −846 ⎞
⎡ −1 ⎛ −846 ⎞ ⎤
Therefore, ( 6 − 4i ) ⎛⎜
9+i ⎞ 2⎛ 9+i ⎞
i tan
( )
2 ⎜⎝ −70 ⎟⎠
= and − = .
⎝ 6 + 4i ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ −70 ⎟⎠ ⎥ ⎜⎝ ⎟
2 1066cis ⎢ tan 6 4i 2 1066e
⎣ ⎦ 6 + 4i ⎠

Problem 3 Transform the following into rectangular forms:

a. 5cis30°
Take note that
[ ( )
5cis30° = 5 cos 30° + i cos 30° ( )] = 5cos ( 30°) + i5sin ( 30°)
which simplifies to
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 5 3 5 .
5⎜ ⎟ + i5 ⎜ ⎟ = + i
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 2 2

5 3 5
Therefore, the correct answer is + i.
2 2

b. 7cis45°
Take note that
[ ( )
7cis45° = 7 cos 45° + i cos 45° ( )] = 7 cos ( 45°) + i7 sin ( 45°)
which simplifies to
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ 7 2 7 2
7⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
+ i7 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ = 2 + 2 i .

7 2 7 2
Therefore, the correct answer is + i.
2 2

c. 17ei60°
Take note that
17e
i60°
[ ( )
= 17cis60° = 17 cos 60° + i cos 60° ( )] = 17 cos ( 60°) + i17 sin ( 60°)
which simplifies to
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞ 17 17 3
17 ⎜ ⎟ + i17 ⎜ = + i.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2 2

17 17 3
Therefore, the correct answer is + i.
2 2

Problem 4 Plot in an Argand diagram and convert into mod-arg and polar forms.
⎛ −35 + 7 + 20 − 3 + 50 − 10 + 33 − 8 ⎞ ⎛ ( i − 1) + (1 + 2i 31 ) (1 + 2i 41 ) ⎞
⎜ ⎟⎜ 22 33 11 ⎟
⎝ −6 ⎠⎝ −i + i + i + i ⎠
Take note that
−35 + 7 + 20 − 3 + 50 − 10 + 33 − 8
= −9 = 3i ,
−6
 ( i − 1) = ( −1 + i ) = −1 − i ,
(1 + 2i31 )(1 + 2i 41 ) = (1 − 2i )(1 + 2i ) = 5, and
22 33 11
−i + i + i + i = −1 − i .
Substituting to the second term in the original expression,
⎛ ( i − 1) + (1 + 2i 31 ) (1 + 2i 41 ) ⎞ −1 − i + 5 4 − i
⎜ 22 33 11 ⎟= =
⎝ −i + i + i + i ⎠ −1 − i −1 − i
which, by rationalizing, further simplifies to
4−i −1 + i −3 + 5i
• = .
−1 − i −1 + i 2
So, the original expression becomes
⎛ −35 + 7 + 20 − 3 + 50 − 10 + 33 − 8 ⎞ ⎛ ( i − 1) + (1 + 2i 31 ) (1 + 2i 41 ) ⎞ ⎛ −3 + 5i ⎞ −15 − 9i
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 22 33 11 ⎟ = ( 3i ) ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = 2 .
⎝ −6 ⎠⎝ −i + i + i + i ⎠ 2

−15 − 9i
Therefore, the correct answer is or −7.5 − 4.5i .
2

Problem 5 Find x and y.

( −5 − 2i )( xi ) + ( y − 2) i
61 27
=
1
( 3 − 4i ) 2
(5 − 5i )(5 + 5i ) −i
Take note that
−5 − 2i = −5 − 2i ,
61

( 3 − 4i ) 2
= −7 − 24i ,

( −5 − 2i ) =
61
−5 − 2i
=
−5 − 2i
•
−7 + 24i
=
83 − 106i
,
( 3 − 4i ) 2
−7 − 24i −7 − 24i −7 + 24i 625

i = −i ,
27

(5 − 5i )(5 + 5i ) = 50 , and
1
= i.
−i
Substituting these to the original equation,
83 − 106i ( y − 2)( −i ) = i
625
( xi ) + 50
106x + 83xi
+
(2 − y)i = i
625 50
106x
+⎢
⎡ 83x
+
(2 − y) ⎤ i = i.
⎥
625 ⎣ 625 50 ⎦
It follows that the real parts of both sides of the equation must be equal:
106x
=0 (1)
625
as well as the imaginary parts of both sides of the equation:
 83x
+
(2 − y) = 1 (2)
625 50
Equations (1) and (2) are a system of simultaneous equations. From (1), we get
x=0
and consequently, by substitution to (2), we get
y = −48 .
Therefore, the correct answer is x = 0 and y = −48 .

Problem 6 Let M ( 0,7 ) , S ( −7,0 ) , and U ( 7, y ) . Find the value of y.

a. if MS and SU are parallel.
For MS and SU to be parallel, their slopes must be equal:
7−0 0− y
=
0+7 −7 − 7
which reduces to
y
1= .
14
Thus, the correct answer is y = 14 .

b. if MS and SU are perpendicular.

For MS and SU to be perpendicular, their slopes must be negative reciprocals of each other:
7−0 1
=−
0+7 0− y
−7 − 7
which reduces to
−14
1= .
y
Thus, the correct answer is y = −14 .

Problem 7 Let M ( 0,7 ) , S ( −7,0 ) , and U ( 7,0 ) .

a. Plot the points and sketch the triangle formed by M , S , and U .
 b. Prove that the triangle formed is an isosceles triangle.
An isosceles triangle is a triangle whose two sides are of equal lengths. The lengths of the sides of the triangle
are obtained by the distance formula:
for MS : (0 + 7 ) + (7 − 0)
2 2
= ()
49 2 = 7 2 units,

for MU : (0 − 7 ) + (7 − 0)
2 2
= ()
49 2 = 7 2 units, and

for SU : ( −7 − 7 ) + ( 0 − 0)
2 2
=
2
14 = 14 units.

Since the sides defined by MS and MU are of equal length, then the triangle is isosceles.

c. Prove that the triangle formed is a right triangle.

A right triangle is a triangle with one right angle. In other words, two sides must be perpendicular to each
other. The slopes of the sides of the triangle are obtained by the slope formula:
7−0
for MS : = 1,
0+7
7−0
for MU : = −1, and
0−7
0−0
for SU : = 0.
−7 − 7
We see that the slopes of MS and MU are negative reciprocals of each other, suggesting that they are
perpendicular, and the angle formed between them is a right angle. Therefore, it s a right triangle.

BONUS: Find the area of the triangle.

Selecting the base to be MS and the height to be MU , the area of the triangle is

( base)( altitude) = 2 ( 7 )(7 2 ) = 49 square units.

1 1
2
2

Problem 8 Line L1 passes through the midpoint of the origin and ( 4, 2 ) , and is perpendicular to the line
4x + 3y + 8 = 0 . Give the equation of L1 in slope-intercept form.
4 3
The line 4x + 3y + 8 = 0 has a slope of − ; therefore, L1 has a slope of .
3 4
The midpoint of the origin and ( 4, 2 ) is
⎛ 0 + 4 0 + 2⎞
⎜⎝ 2 , 2 ⎟⎠ = ( 2,1) .
The point-slope equation of L1 is then
3
y −1=
4
( x − 2 ).
Converting to slope-intercept form,
3 1
y= x− .
4 2
 3 1
Therefore, the correct answer is y = x− .
4 2

Problem 9 Let L1 be a line that passes through A (8, −1) and B ( −4, −4 ) , and intersects the x–axis at C .
Let L2 be a line passing through C and is perpendicular to L1.
a. Find the coordinates of C .
Line L1 intersects the x–axis at C ; therefore, C is the x–intercept of L1. To identify C , we need to find an
equation of L1 . Using the two-point form,
−1 + 4 1
y +1=
8+4
( x − 8) = 4 ( x − 8) .
1
So, we have L1 : y + 1 =
4
( x − 8) . To find the x–intercept of L1 , we set y to zero and solve for x:

1
0 +1=
4
(
x−8 )
4 = x−8
x = 12 .
Therefore, C = (12,0 ) .

b. Give the equation of L1 in general form.

From the two-point form,
1
y +1=
4
(
x−8 )
4y + 4 = x − 8
x − 4 y − 12 = 0 .
Therefore, the general equation of L1 is x − 4 y − 12 = 0 .

c. Give the equation of L2 in general form.

1
Line L2 is perpendicular to L1 . Line L1 has a slope of , so it follows that the slope of L2 is −4. It is given
4
that L2 passes through C = (12,0 ) . The general equation of L2 can be derived from its point-slope form:
(
y − 0 = −4 x − 12 )
4x + y − 48 = 0 .
Therefore, the general equation of L2 is 4x + y − 48 = 0 .

BONUS: Identify the intercepts of L1 and of L2 .

From part (a), the x–intercept of L1 is (12,0 ) .
Solving for the y–intercept of L1 , we set x to zero and solve for y:
0 − 4 y − 12 = 0
y = −3
The y–intercept of L1 is ( 0, −3).
Solving for the x–intercept of L2 , we set y to zero and solve for x:
4x + 0 − 48 = 0
x = 12
The x–intercept of L2 is (12,0 ) .
Solving for the y–intercept of L2 , we set x to zero and solve for y:
()
4 0 + y − 48 = 0
y = 48
The y–intercept of L2 is ( 0, 48) .

Problem 10 Find an equation of the line perpendicular to the line segment formed by the x– and y–
intercepts of x + y + 2 = 0 and passing through the midpoint of that line segment.
Solving for the x–intercept of x + y + 2 = 0 , we set y to zero and solve for x:
x+0+2= 0
x = −2
The x–intercept of x + y + 2 = 0 is ( −2,0 ) .
Solving for the y–intercept of x + y + 2 = 0 , we set x to zero and solve for y:
0+ y+2= 0
y = −2
The y–intercept of x + y + 2 = 0 is ( 0, −2 ) .
The midpoint of the line segment formed by ( −2,0 ) and ( 0, −2 ) is
⎛ −2 + 0 0 − 2 ⎞
⎜⎝ 2 , 2 ⎟⎠ = ( −1, −1) .
Take note that the slope of the line segment formed by ( −2,0 ) and ( 0, −2 ) is equal to the slope of
x + y + 2 = 0 , which is −1. Then, the slope of the line in question is the negative reciprocal, which is 1.
With the slope and a point now known, the point-slope equation of the line can be formed:
y +1= x +1
which can be transformed to a general form
x − y = 0.
Therefore, the correct answer is y + 1 = x + 1 or x − y = 0 .

Problem 11 Find the equation of the line passing through the intersection of y = −5 and y = x , and is
parallel to x = 2.5 .
Solving for the intersection of y = −5 and y = x ,
⎧ y = −5
⎨
⎩y = x
which results to x = −5 and y = −5 , and the intersection point is at ( −5, −5) .
The line in question is parallel to x = 2.5 , which is a vertical line. Therefore, the line in question, which
passes through ( −5, −5) , is also vertical, and its equation would be x = −5 .
Problem 12 A circle has a diameter which connects (5,7 ) and (15, −5) .
a. Give the equation of the circle in standard form.
The center of the circle is at the midpoint of the diameter:
⎛ 5 + 15 7 − 5 ⎞
( )
C h, k = ⎜
⎝ 2
,
2 ⎠
⎟ = (10,1) .
The radius or half the length of the diameter

(5 − 15) + ( 7 + 5)
2 2
2 61
r= = = 61 units,
2 2
or the distance from the center to any of the endpoint of the diameter

r= (10 − 5) + (1 − 7 )
2 2
= 61 units.

Then, the equation of the circle in standard form is ( x − 10 ) + ( y − 1) = ( 61) or ( x − 10) + ( y − 1) = 61.
2
2 2 2 2

b. Plot the circle.

Problem 13 A circle centered at the origin is tangent to a line at ( 3, 4 ) .

a. Find the radius of the circle.
The radius is the distance from the center, which is C ( h, k ) = ( 0,0 ) , to any point in the circle:

r= ( 0 − 3) + ( 0 − 4)
2 2
= 25 = 5 units.
Therefore, the radius of this circle is 5 units.

b. Give the equation of the circle in standard form.

The equation of the circle in standard form is ( x − 0 ) + ( y − 0 ) = (5) or x 2 + y 2 = 25.
2 2 2

c. Give the equation of the circle in general form.

Rearranging the standard equation, the general equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 − 25 = 0 .
 d. Plot the circle.

BONUS: Identify the slope of the tangent.

The tangent is perpendicular to the line segment formed by connecting C ( 0,0 ) and the point of tangency

( )
P = 3, 4 . The slope of CP is
4−0 4
= .
3− 0 3
3
Therefore, the slope of the tangents is the negative reciprocal, which is − .
4

Bonus Problem A parabola has a latus rectum whose endpoints are ( 3,6 ) and ( 3, −6 ). The vertex is to
the right of the latus rectum.
a. Find the value of a .
Notice that the parabola is opening to the left. The length of the latus rectum is equal to 4a

4a = ( 3 − 3) + ( 6 + 6)
2 2
= 12
which yields a = 3 units.

b. Identify the coordinates of the vertex.

The focus is the midpoint of the latus rectum
⎛ 3+ 3 6 − 6⎞
F =⎜
⎝ 2
,
2 ⎠
⎟ = ( 3,0 ) .
The vertex is a = 3 units to the right of F ( 3,0 ) :
( ) ( ) ( )
V h, k = 3 + 3,0 = 6,0 .

c. Give the equation of the parabola in standard form.

The equation of the parabola in standard form is ( y − 0 ) = −4 ( 3) ( x − 6 ).
2