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Hydraulics 3

1. The document describes problems involving weirs, open channel flow, and hydraulic structures. 2. It includes formulas for discharge over various types of weirs and calculation of velocity and boundary shear stress in open channels. 3. Several sample problems are provided relating to topics like discharge measurements, canal design, and forces on fixed plates from impinging jet flows.

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Marc Louiese Lagatao
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217 views

Hydraulics 3

1. The document describes problems involving weirs, open channel flow, and hydraulic structures. 2. It includes formulas for discharge over various types of weirs and calculation of velocity and boundary shear stress in open channels. 3. Several sample problems are provided relating to topics like discharge measurements, canal design, and forces on fixed plates from impinging jet flows.

Uploaded by

Marc Louiese Lagatao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEMS:

3. The figure describes the elevation of the water


surface at the short tube (A = 0. 004 m2 , C = 0.6)
a) What is the initial discharge?
b) When will the water surface become the same
level following a quick opening of the tube?
c) When will the water surface be 4m apart?

1 – Weir plate
2 – Crest
For all cases: 3 – Approach
4 – Nappe
5 – Drawdown /
Dropdown
When the cross-sectional area is constant:
RECTANGULAR WEIR

W – Channel width Z – weir height


L – Weir length H – weir head

Neglecting velocity of approach:

PROBLEMS:
1. A cylindrical tank contains three liquids of specific
Francis Formula
gravities, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5. Each liquid has a
thickness of 0.6 m and the tank is 1.2 m in diameter.
C w= 1.84
If a circular orifice 100 mm in diameter and with C =
0.650 drains the liquid, determine the time to:
’
a) Remove the first liquid For contracted sections, replace L by L
b) Remove the second liquid ’
c) To drain the tank completely L = L – 0.1H for singly contracted
’
L = L – 0.2H for doubly contracted
2. The tank shown has the form of a frustum of a
cone. How long will it take to empty the tank from
full capacity? Orifice diameter is 0.1 m ( C = 0.6)

HYDRAULICS 3 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN


TRIANGULAR WEIR 2. A trapezoidal weir 1.5 m long has sides making an
angle of 750 57’50” with the horizontal. What is the
amount of flow if the weir head is 1.0 m?

3. A rectangular flume, 15 m long and 3m wide, feeds


a suppressed weir under a head of 0.3 m. If the supply
to the flume is cut off, how long will it take for the
head on the weir to decrease to 0.1 m?

Conduits where fluid flows with free or atmospheric


surface
Discharge:
Q = Av

Velocity by Chezy Formula:


v = C √(RS)
CIPOLLETTI WEIR
S = Slope of the EGL/ Hydraulic Slope/Energy
Gradient
When,
0
ϴ = 75.96
0
R = Hydraulic Radius
α = 14.04
Slope = 1H:1V

UNSTEADY FLOW WEIRS


Boundary Shearing Stress = γRS

Where: m,n = roughness coefficient


PROBLEMS:

1. During a test on a 2.4- suppressed weir 900 mm If C is not specified, use the Manning’s C in the
high, the head was maintained constant h=300 mm. Chezy’s V. The result id the Manning or the
In 38 seconds, 28,800 liters of water were collected. Chezy-Manning formula for V:
What is the weir factor C ?
w

HYDRAULICS 3 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN


PROBLEMS PROBLEMS
1. A trapezoidal canal has a bottom width of 5m and
sides slopes of 1H to 2V. The flow is 30 m3/s when 1. It is planned to construct a rectangular flume,
flowing full, 7 m wide and 1.5 m deep.
the depth of flow is 1.2 . Use n=0.013.
a) What width is required using a more
a) Calculate the specific energy favorable proportion?
b) What is the slope of the channel bed b) What depth is required using a more
c) Calculate the boundary shearing stress favorable proportion?
c) How much material is saved in square
meters per meter length of the flume?

FORCE AGAINST FIXED FLAT PLATES

F = ρQv
F = force caused by water
ρ = mass density of liquid
Q = discharge
v = velocity
For moving plates, use relative velocity

FORCE AGAINST FIXED CURVED VANES

PROBLEMS:

A jet of water 50 mm ф and having a velocity of


25.4 m/s strikes against a plate at right angles.
a. Determine the force on the plate if the
plate is stationary.
b. Determine force on the plate if the plate is
moving in the same direction as the jet at
a speed of 12 m/s.
c. Determine force on the plate if the plate is
moving towards the nozzle at a velocity of
12m/s.

HYDRAULICS 3 PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

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