Group 1 - Report

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability

caused by differences in the brain.
It refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by
challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech
and nonverbal communication. Signs of autism usually
appear by age 2 or 3. Signs and symptoms of ASD are
delayed language skills, delayed cognitive or learning skills,
delayed movement skills, epilepsy or seizure disorder,
unusual eating and sleeping habits, etc.
People with ASD often have problems with social

communication and interaction, abd restricted or repetitive
behaviors or interests. People with ASD may also have
different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention.
Several factors may influence the development of autism
and it is often accompanied by sensory sensitivities and
medical issues such as gastrointestinal (GI) disorders,
seizures or sleep disorders, as well as mental health
challenges such as anxiety, depression and attention issues.
For now, the researchers don't know the exact cause of
autism however the research suggests it's a combination of
developmental, genetic and environmental factors.
• Nursing Considerations •
•Schedule ample time for communication.

- language and social skills vary widely among
people with ASD
•Reinforce consistency.
- people with autism often have trouble
adjusting to changes in routines, schedules,
and environments.
•Participate in emotional preparation.
•Give them personal space.
•Remain calm and patient.
•Address him or her as you would any other adult, not a

child.
•Avoid using words or phrases that are too familiar or
personal.
•Say what you mean.
•Take time to listen.
•If you ask a question, wait for a response.
•Provide meaningful feedback.
Deafness and Hearing Impairment
Deafness is a hearing impairment that is so severe that a

person is impaired in processing linguistic information
through hearing with or without amplification. Deaf people
mostly have profound hearing loss which implies very little
or no hearing. A deaf person often use sign language for
communication.
Hearing impairment can be defined as a reduced ability to

hear sounds in the same way as other people. A hearing
impaired person occasionally use hearing aids. So what are
the difference between the two?
The difference between the two is that hearing impairment

is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately
while deafness have profound hearing loss which implies
very little or no hearing.
You can identify a person with this impairments if you

communicate with them, they frequently asking to speak
slowly, clearly and loudly. A person with this impairments
has difficulty in understanding words especially against
background noise or in a crowd. A person with this
impairments usually withdraw from conversations.
•Face the hearing-impaired person directly, on the same

level and in good light whenever possible for lip reading.
•Do not talk from another room.

•Speak clearly, slowly, distinctly, but naturally, without
shouting or exaggerating mouth movements.
•Make sure you have your patient's attention before

talking.
•Use normal lip movement.
•Maintain eye contact whilst communicating.
•Use gestures and objects to help with verbal

communication.
•Touch the person to get his or her attention before talking.
•Speak into the person's "good ear".
•Evaluate the person's ear canals regularly and assist with

cerumen removal.
•Sugggest hearing testing for further evaluation and

consideration of an assistive device.
Visual Impairment
Visual impairment is a term experts use to describe any

kind of vision loss, whether it's someone who cannot see at
all or someone who has partial vision loss. Visual
impairment means that a person's eyesight cannot be
corrected to a "normal" level.
Visual impairment may be caused by a loss of visual acuity,

where the eyes does not see objects as clearly as usual. It
may also be caused by a loss of visual field, where the eye
cannot see as wide an area as usual without moving the
eyes or turning the head.
There are different ways of describing how severe a

person's vision loss is. The World Health Organization
defines "low vision" as visual acuity between 20/70 and
20/400, with the best possible correction, or a visual field of
20 degrees or less. "Blindness" is defined as a visual acuity
worse than 20/400, with the best possible correction, or a
visual field of 10 degrees or less.
A person can be identified with visual impairment if their

eyes move quickly from side to side (nystagmus) and their
eyes don't follow your face or an object. It can be also
identified if they don't seem make eye contact and their
eyes don't react to bright light.
•Make sure the objects are in the patient's visual field, and
do not move objects around.
•Use large lettering to label medications and any

distributed written information.
•Allow the person more time to focus and adjust to the

environment.
•Use nightlights to help with dark adaptation problems.
•Use the color red and yellow to stimulate vision.

•Encourage yearly eye examination if visual changes persist.
Speech Impairment
A speech impairment refers to an impaired ability to

produce speech sounds and may range from mild to severe.
It may include an articulation disorder, characterized by
ommisions or distortions of speech sounds, a fluency
disorder, characterized by atypical flow, rhythm, and/or
repetitions of sounds; or a voice disorder, characterized by
abnormal pitch volume, resonance, vocal quality, or
duration.
Some known symptoms are repetition of sounds, words, or

parts of words or phrases. A person with speech
impairment usually makes word longer, pausing during
sentence or words, often with lips together and has tension
in the voice or sounds.
•Use aids and devices.
•Sign language.
•Use an interpreter.
•Pay attention to nonverbal cues and gestures.
•Display proper speech etiquette.
•Incorporate speech-language therapy.
•Try short questions with short answers.
Submitted by:
GROUP 1
Keanu Reeve C. Baguio

Cris Adrian M. Dominguez
Joberth Apelaña
Jimwell Alejid
Submitted to:
Mrs. Christine A. Pablico

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability

People with ASD often have problems with social

•Schedule ample time for communication.

•Participate in emotional preparation.

•Give them personal space.

•Remain calm and patient.

•Address him or her as you would any other adult, not a

•Say what you mean.

•Take time to listen.

•If you ask a question, wait for a response.

•Provide meaningful feedback.

Deafness and Hearing Impairment

Deafness is a hearing impairment that is so severe that a

Hearing impairment can be defined as a reduced ability to

The difference between the two is that hearing impairment

You can identify a person with this impairments if you

•Face the hearing-impaired person directly, on the same

•Do not talk from another room.

•Make sure you have your patient's attention before

•Use normal lip movement.

•Maintain eye contact whilst communicating.

•Use gestures and objects to help with verbal

•Touch the person to get his or her attention before talking.

•Speak into the person's "good ear".

•Evaluate the person's ear canals regularly and assist with

•Sugggest hearing testing for further evaluation and

Visual impairment is a term experts use to describe any

Visual impairment may be caused by a loss of visual acuity,

There are different ways of describing how severe a

A person can be identified with visual impairment if their

•Use large lettering to label medications and any

•Allow the person more time to focus and adjust to the

•Use nightlights to help with dark adaptation problems.

•Use the color red and yellow to stimulate vision.

A speech impairment refers to an impaired ability to

Some known symptoms are repetition of sounds, words, or

•Pay attention to nonverbal cues and gestures.

•Display proper speech etiquette.

•Incorporate speech-language therapy.

•Try short questions with short answers.

Keanu Reeve C. Baguio

Mrs. Christine A. Pablico

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