Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No.: (036) 6214-578 loc. 118 or (036) 522-3845
Email Address: capsumaincoed@gmail.com

Learning Module

ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING
GRADE 10
Program/Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUTS AND DETAILS

Module Title :DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUTS AND DETAILS

Draft Roof Plans

Assessment Criteria

Different types of roofs are correctly identified.

Elements of roofs are properly discussed.
Dimensions of roof plan are indicated and should match floor plan dimensions.
Lines are drawn according to drafting standards 5. Architectural standard symbols are used.
Drawings are laid out according to sheet contents
Roof plan and framing details are drawn according to architectural drawing standards.

References:
Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer. Technical Drawing Macmillan
Company,1982
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fifth edition 1999
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fourth edition 1999
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing 10th edition MacGraw Hill Book
Company 1987
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing 1983.
Max B. Fajardo Jr., Planning and Designers Handbook, Second Edition,
1980
The National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations 2005

INFORMATION SHEET 5.1

Draft Roof Plans

Definition of technical terms
Angle iron is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 900 angle. Butterfly roof is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the interior of
the house.
Dome is a hemispherical roof form.

Dormer is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate a window.

Eave is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.

Fascia is a surface finish material used to cover another surface. Flashing is the material used for covering exposed places outside the building like
firewalls.
Flat roof is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.

Gable is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.

Gable roof is a roof that slopes from two sides only.

Galvanize is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.

Gambrel roof is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or slopes on each side.

Hip rafter is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form the hip.

Hip roof is a roof with four sloping sides.

Mansard roof is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower slope much steeper than the upper.

Overhang is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a wall. Pitch is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is also referred
to as the rise over the run.
Purlin is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.

Rafters are structural members used to frame a roof.

Ridge is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.

Ridge cap is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.

Rise is the vertical height of a roof.

Roll roofing is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.

Shed roof is a flat roof slanting in one direction.

Shingles are thin pieces of wood or other materials that ovelap each other in covering a roof.

Truss is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting roof loads over long spans.

Valley is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.

Valley rafter is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping roofs.
Framing a Roof
Architectural Drawing
Objectives
Define Ridge Board, rafter, hip, valley, sheathing, fascia, soffit, dormer, and pitch.
Label and identify the parts of a roof framing plan.

Parts of a Roof
A Ridge Board is a horizontal member of the roof frame. The point at which all the rafters are attached to.
Transfers the load of the roof through the rafters to walls below.
Ridge Beam sits below the rafters. Supported by lally columns.

Ridge Board v.s Beam

Ridge Board Ridge Beam

Rafters

• Rafters extend from the ridge beam down to the top plate of a wall. Transfers the roof load in the process.
• Rafters give the roof its shape and definition.
 Fascia & Soffit

• Fascia hides the end of the rafter. Protects from weather & pests. available surface for gutters.
• Soffit is the
underside of a
roof, balcony, or
over hang.

Gable Roof

• Awhen
Gable Roof is
all rafters
extend downward
from the ridge
board/beam.

• No Hips or
Valley’s.

• Another default roof in archiCAD.

Hip Roof

•sides slopeA Hip is a type of roof where all

downward to the walls.

• Default wall in archiCAD.

 Valley Roof

• A Valley is a roof design that creates a “V” shape.

• Often seen on complex roof shapes.
• Usually has a metal valley exposed.
Dormer

• Alivable
Dormer is a roofed structure that is used to increase the
area in a home.

• Used in lofts and spaces where the roof pitch is steep leaving little room.
• Often contains a window to allow natural light.
Sheathing

• Sheathing is a layer of plywood or OSB that covers and protects the structure.
• Creates an available surface for roofing materials.
• Prevents shear forces.

Roof Pitch

•or shallow
The Roof Pitch is the numerical measure of how steep
a roof is.

• Vertical Rise over Horizontal Run.

•run.In the U.S it is defined by the rise in inches to a 12”
• Example: 3 inch rise per 12” run is a 3:12 pitch roof.

• 4:12 through 9:12 are the most common pitches.

Roof Frame Plan

• Roof Frame
Plan details
the rafters and
the spacing of
the roof.

• Looked at
from the birds
eye view.

Gable Roof
Framing Plan

Gable Roof
Framed

Hip & Valley

Roof

Valley Framed

Hip Roof
Framing Plan

Hipped Roof Framed

 Different Types of Roofs

Roof

It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the size, shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing system.
Types of Roofs
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in the building construction. The following are:
1. Gable Roof has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of roof is used extensively on Philippines bahay kubo and raw houses in
subdivision. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch roofs found on
most ranch homes.

2. Hip roofs are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire perimeter of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates.
 they are commonly used on Regency and French Provincial homes.

3. Flat roofs are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is often used on
flat roofs.

4. Shed roofs are higher at one end than the other. They may be
used effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.
5. Overhang is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the
side of the building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should
provide additional protection from the sun and rain.

These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction

sector. However, there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in
the construction.

Draft a roof plan

Roof plan is the upper part of the building. This can be drawn through
the following steps (see the operating steps):
1. Given: a scaled floor plan.

1.0 m. Eave

2. Draw or trace the given scale floor plan into a form of hidden lines without doors and windows.
3. From end line of the floor plan, lay out a standard 1.00 m. eave lines around the floor plan.
4. From eave lines, extend a 0.20 m. lines for gutter width, and analyze how many and where to indicate a 0.10 m. circular holes for downspout.
5. Select roof types required. From rectangular form of floor plan, get the center and project a line along the eave lines.
6. If hip roof types will be used, project a 450 angle in all corners of eave lines intersecting the center line to create a hip roof. From drawn hip roof layout, draw two
lines at 0.10 m. width on both sides representing the ridge roll width.
7. Project a symbol (thin lines) for roof covering materials to be used, indicate from the center of roof slopes a perpendicular arrowheads with word label of slopes.
8. Complete the drawings with proper dimensioning and labels, then finalize the drawing.

SELF CHECK
Draft Roof Plans
Directions: Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A horizontal structural member which hold rafters together x

a. Rafter b. Purl in c. Rise d. Run

2. A prefabricated triangular shaped unit for supporting roof loads over long spans
a. Truss b. Shingles c. Rise d. Ridge

3. The top edge of the roof where rafters meet

a. Ridge b. Rafter c. Overhang d. Purlins

4. The internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof

a. Ridge b. Rise c. Purlin d. Overhang

5. The angle between the top plate and the ridge board referred to as the rise over the run.
a. Pitch b. Slope c. Valley d. Truss

6. A roof with four sloping sides

a. Shed b. Hip c. Gable d. Mansard

7. The part of a roof that projects over a wall

a. Overhang b. Eave c. Fascia d. Gutter

8. A surface finish material used to cover another surface

a. Flashing b. Fascia c. Overhang d. Dormer

9. A flat roof slanting in one direction

a. Gable b. Hip c. Dormer d. Shed

10. A diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form a hip roof type
a. Purlins b. Hip Rafters c. Truss d. Flashing
11. The triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves
a. Gable b. Hip c. Overhang d. Mansard
12. The vertical height of a roof
a. Rise b. Run c. Ridge d. Eave
 PLATE# 2 activity
Directions: Using your own floor plan that is based from the first quarter, draft a roof plan appropriate to the given sizes and shapes.
Note: All sides must have an overhang. Use 1:100 scale. Only Hip roof and gable roof are suggested to be use on your plan.

Performance Criteria:

 Accuracy
50 pts - the output is accurately done
45 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output

40 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output

 Speed

10 pts - the output is done 5 minutes before the time

8 pts - the output is done on time

6 pts. - the output is done after the allotted time

 Neatness

25 pts. - has no error

20 pts - has two to three erasures

15 pts - has four or more erasures

Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed.
12 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are missing.
10 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are missing and misspelled.
8 pts. - pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are missing and misspelled.

Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
 Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND

DETAILS

Module Title : Drafting Architectural Layout and Details

: Draft Ceiling Plan

Assessment Criteria:

Elements or important features of ceiling plan are properly identified.

Ceiling plan is drawn according to architectural drafting standards.
Lighting fixtures and fire protection devices are located according to architectural drafting standards.

References: u

Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design, 4 th edition

Paul I. Wallach. Basic Architectural Drafting,1982
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; McGraw, Hill Book Company,10 th
Edition; 1960
Emmanuel P. Cuntapay. Implementing Rules and Regulations of the
National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096), 2005
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing; 1983
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing,
1977

DRAFT CEILING PLAN

Definition of Terms

Acoustic is the science of sounds in housing, materials used to keep down noise within a room or to prevent it from an overhead lining inside of a room

Ceiling Joist is the structural member in building construction that holds the ceiling board

Ceiling board is a ceiling covering materials

Cornice is a wood or any material project beyond the wall of the ceiling

Fixtures is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which is a part of the structure

Gypsum board is a board made of plaster with covering of paper

Hanger is an iron or wood strap used to support a joist.

Insulation is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or cold from one surface to another

Lighting fixtures is the position or placement of lighting fixtures of the house.

Reflected ceiling plan is a drawing of a room or building, looking down at the interior ceiling

Smoke detectors is a fire protection device that is used to detect smoke or gasses produced by smoldering fires particles of combustion

Soffit is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam

Specification is the written description accompanying the working

drawing
 Sprinkler systems is a fire protection device that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined
temperature has been reached.
Ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space

The Importance and Purpose of Ceiling in the building

Ceiling plan is an outline of the ceiling that shows the overhead interior surface of a room.

Ceiling is designed with the following purpose:

I. It prevents the penetration of the heat of the sun inside the building.
II. It adds beauty inside the building especially when it is well-designed.
III. It serves as thermal insulator that adds to the aesthetic beauty of a house.
IV. Various lighting fixtures can be hanged or placed to highlight the interior design of the structure.

Important features that are shown in the ceiling plan

Ceiling plan can be shown into two presentations:

a. Ordinary presentation of ceiling plan. This shows the following:

1. Ceiling board

2. Partitions

3. Ventilation

4. Label which indicates the type of ceiling materials

5. Dimensions

b. Reflected ceiling plan. It is a drawing, which shows the items that are located on the ceiling of a room or space. It is referred to as a reflected ceiling plan since it
is drawn to display a view of the ceiling as if it was reflected onto a mirror on the floor. This way the reflected ceiling plan has the same orientation as the floor plan
associated with it. It is as if the ceiling was see-through and you could see right through it from the floor below. Interior designers draw reflected ceiling plans when
designing spaces.
The following features that are shown in the reflected ceiling plan:

1. Lighting fixtures

2. Ventilation

3. Smoke detector

4. Wood moldings

5. Ceiling board

Important considerations in ceiling plan

There are many design elements to consider in designing the ceiling plan

1. Consider the distance from floor line to ceiling line level.

2. Study the 3-D aspects of volumes and space.
3. Consider using unexpected materials or finishes.
4. Consider the light reflection and sound absorption.

In accordance with the National Building Code of the

 Philippines (PD 1096) Section 805: Ceiling Heights

v. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling heights not less than 2.40meters. which is measured from the floor to the
ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one-storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70meters. And that for the
second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storey shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10m above the
finished floor.

vi. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than

1.80meters above and below it.

DRAFT CEILING PLAN

Ceiling Plan is shown in outline form. It is made with the floor plan as its reference outline.

Procedure in drafting ceiling plans

Ceiling plan is drawn with the following steps:

1. Prepare and set a ready-made floor plan and analyze its size and shape.

2. Sketch the ceiling area based on the general measurement of the floor
plan.
3. Provide space for overhang for the four sides at your desired size.
4. Sketch the partitions based on the measurements in the floor plan

5. Darken all the visible edges, indicate the dimensions and label the necessary
information.
 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
PLATE #3 Directions: Using your own floor plan draft a ceiling plan or make a ceiling plan for your house plan. draft a plan appropriate to the given sizes and
shapes. Note: make sure not to forget to put exhaust on your ceiling for ventilation. Search for exhaust design and size appropriate to your plan.

Note: All sides must have an overhang. Use 1:100 scale. Only Hip roof and gable roof are suggested to be use on your plan.

TEST I. Direction: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_______________1. is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam.

_______________2. is a drawing of a room or building, looking down at the interior ceiling?
_______________3. is the process of supplying and removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space?
_______________4. is the written description accompanying the working drawing
_______________5. is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or cold from one surface to another.
_______________6. is a ceiling covering materials.
_______________7. is the structural member in building construction that holds the ceiling board.
_______________8. is a wood or any materials project beyond the wall of the ceiling.
_______________9. is the science of sounds in housing, materials used to keep down noise within a room or to prevent it from an over head
lining inside of a room.
_______________10. is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which is a part of the structure
_______________ 11. is the over head inside lining of a room
________________12. is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment that is part of the structure.
________________13. is the process of supplying and removing air by natural or mechanical means is called _____________
________________14. is the science of sounds in housing
________________15. is the drawing of a room or a building looking down at the interior ceiling

TEST II. Enumeration Type:

1. Enumerate the Ceiling Plan features

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Direction: Given a floor plan, draw a ceiling plan

Program/Course : Drafting Technology

Unit of Competency : Draft Architectural Layout and Details

Module Title : Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout

and Details

Learning Outcome 7 : Draft Elevations and Sections

Assessment Criteria:

1. Vertical heights grade line establishes according to architectural drafting standards.

2. Offsets from right side, left and rear side of floor plan are projected according to architectural drafting standards.

3. Roof eaves and pitch on all elevations and sections established according to architectural drafting standards.

4. Doors and windows projected in all elevations and sections.

5. Cross and longitudinal sectional views projected from the floor plans and elevations.

6. Various material symbols and specifications indicated in all elevations and sections.

Giesecke, Mitchell,Spencer,Hill,Dygdon. Technical Drawing; Prentice Hall

Simon Schuster, 1998
French, Vierck, Foster. Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology,
Macgraw Hill Co., 1986

Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Plumbing Design and Estimate, 5138 Merchandizing, 1984.
Hepler, Donald E and WALLACH, Paul I, Architecture: Drafting and Design,
IMC Dress Incorporated, 1987
Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Building Construction, 5138 Merchandizing, 1984 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES

Draft Elevation and Section

An architectural elevation is a view of a building showing its height dimension. When elevations show the exterior of a residential unit, they are simply called
elevations. Interior elevations show the inside of a building. Elevations are the exterior views of a building. They are necessary in as much as they show the height of
the building and its appearance on each side. Normally, the four elevations are sufficient to describe the appearance of the residential building. Elevation drawings
are orthographic drawings. They show the exterior of a building. The elevation is that part of the building that people see and observe, hence, it is the part they use to
judge the structure.
Normally, the design of the floor plan precedes the designs of the elevation, because both have a continual relationship in the entire design process. Flexibility is
possible in the design of elevations, even those designed from the same floor plan.
The designer should keep in mind that only horizontal distances can be established on the floor plan, while that of the vertical distances such as height of doors,
windows and roofs must be shown on the elevation.

As these heights are established, the appearance of the outside and functioning of heights as well as the internal functioning of the building must be considered.

Preliminary Sketches

The location and proportion of features are very important in the drawing of elevation. Main attention is given to the proportion of walls and openings. Some of the
things to consider in the drawing of elevations are;

Proportion – which deals with the size and shape of areas and their relation to one another.
Fenestration – deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in a wall.
Harmony refers to all features that should harmonize to present a uniform elevation.

Shadows refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting when designed to take advantage of shadows.

Finished Sketches

The finished sketch may be carefully drawn with the use of drawing instruments. Since these are fairly large scale drawings the exact size of all features together with
their correct representation must be considered.

In the drafting of elevations, these are some of the things to consider:

1. Window and Door Size – must be chosen from a manufactures catalog which offers great variety of sizes. The sizes must be standard that it conforms
to the provisions of the building code.

2. Window and Door Representation –in elevation may be drawn simply.

3. Material Representation – may be shown by drawing only a few lines, like bricks.

4. Footings and Walls are hidden lines used to indicate location of footings.

5. Labeling views can be done in two methods by labeling it with views as in front, rear, left and right side elevations, or by using compass orientation as
in north, south, east, and west directions.

6. Dimensioning on elevations are limited to vertical dimensions are shown on the plan.

7. Changes are additions necessary after all the other drawings have been completed.

Elevations are the exterior views of the building. The front view of the building is always referred to as the front. The other elevations are named according to their
position in relation to the front, i.e. right elevation, rear or back elevation, left elevation. Eave is the lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall.
Pitch is the term applied to the amount of roof slope, It is found by dividing the heights of the span
Elevation Projection
Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an architectural drawing just as the views are projected the front view of an orthographic drawing.
All six views are rarely used to depict architectural structures, instead only four are used. These four elevations are normally projected on the floor plan.
FLOOR PLAN
FRONT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION

LEFT SIDE ELEVATION

RIGHT SIDE ELEVATION

Elevation Dimensioning

Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a datum line, which is a reference line that remains constant. Dimensions on elevation show the
height above the datum or the ground line. Dimensioning elevations must conform with basic standards to ensure consistency of interpretation.

PLATE#4 make an elevation paln from your own plan make sure to base your elevation from your plan. make sure it is
accurate base on your sizes an measurements.
Here are some of the rules in dimensioning:
1. Vertical elevation dimensions should be read from the right of the drawing.
2. Levels to be dimensioned should labeled with a note, term or abbreviation.
3. Room heights are shown by dimensioning from the floor line to the ceiling line.
4. The depth of footings (“footer”) is dimensioned from the ground line.
5. Heights of windows and doors are dimensioned from the floor plan to the top of windows or doors.
6. Elevation dimensions show only vertical distances (height). Horizontal distances (length and width) are shown on the floor plan.
7. Windows and doors may be indexed to a door or window schedule, or the style of the windows and doors may be shown on the elevation drawing.
8. The roof pitch is shown by indicating the rise over the run.
9. Dimensions for small, complex or obscure areas should be indexed to a separate detail.
10. Ground-line elevations are expressed as heights above a datum point.
11.Heights of chimneys above the ridge line are dimensioned.
12.Floor and ceiling lines are shown with hidden lines.
13.Heights of planters and walls are dimensioned from the ground line.
14.Thickness of slabs are dimensioned.
15.Overall heigh dimensions are placed on the outside of subdimensions.
16.Thickness of footings are dimensioned.
17.Where space is limited, the alternative method in Fig.38-2 can be used to show feet and inches.

LEVATION is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the house, height dimension, materials finish and complete information on
specification.