4 Cover Spinning Blank

CHAPTER 15
Introduction to Wrap (cover) spinning
1 Wrap Spinning
1.5.1 Operating principle
This system is shown in Figures 1 and 2. A roving or sliver feedstock (1) is drafted in a three-, four-, or
five-roller drafting arrangement. The fibre strand delivered runs through a hollow spindle (3) without
receiving true twist. In order to impart strength to the strand before it falls apart, a continuous-filament
thread (4) is wound around the strand as it issues from the drafting arrangement. The continuous
filament thread comes from a small, rapidly rotating bobbin (5) mounted on the hollow spindle.
Withdrawal rollers lead the resulting wrap yarn to a winding device. The wrap yarn always consists of
two components, one twist-free staple-fibre component in the yarn core, and a filament wound around
the core. This process is offered by many manufacturers, e.g., Leesona, Mackie, etc. The most
widespread system is Parafil of the Suessen company, and this process will be briefly described in
greater detail.
1. Sliver feed stock

2. Drafting Arrangement
3. hollow spindle
4. continuous-filament thread
5. rotating bobbin
6. Hollow spindle
7. Withdrawal rollers
1
Fig. 1 The Wrap spinning Principle
1.5.2 Parafil, system of Suessen
1.5.2.1 Operating principle Suessen offers two machine types, PL 1000, with medium packages for
yarn in the linear density range 25-100 tex, and PL 2000, with large packages for a yarn linear density
of 25-500 tex. Three-, four-, or five roller drafting arrangements are used, depending upon the raw
material to be processed.
F A= The fibre strand ()
F i = Filament
1 = Filament & Fibres enter
2= Yarn
Fig. 3 The fibre twisting device in the Parafil process of Sussen
The hollow spindle (Fig. 3) permits speeds of rotation of up to 35 000 r/min and is designed as a false-
twist assembly. The fibre strand (F) does not pass directly through the spindle vertically; instead,
shortly after entering the spindle, the strand is led out again (1) and back around the spindle, with a
wrap of about one-quarter of the spindle periphery. In this way, as the spindle rotates, the strand is
2
provided with twist between the drafting arrangement and the head of the hollow spindle. These turns
of twist are cancelled out again in the spindle head in accordance with the false-twist principle. This
twist prevents the strand from falling apart in the length prior to wrapping with filament (FI).
Slivers are used as feedstock; the roving frame is eliminated.
Parafil yarn (called Parallelyarn by Suessen) is usually more even than ring-spun yarn. Its strength is
also better because of the filament and because of the high degree of parallel orientation of the fibres.
Covering power is high and hairiness slight.
The yarns are used primarily for:

 machine-knitting yarn;
 velours (home and automobile upholstery materials);
 woven goods (men's and ladies' wear);
 carpet yarns (mainly for tufted carpets).
At present, the process is more suited to the long-staple than the short-staple field, i.e., for fibre
lengths above 60 mm.
In Parafil yarns, the filament makes up 2-5% of the yarn.
1.5.2.2 Specification
Spinning positions per machine 80

Delivery speed Raw material 200 m/min
Raw material synthetic fibres 60-220 mm + filament
Count range 25-500 tex; Ne 1.2-24
Feedstock type drawframe sliver
Type of yarn filament-wrapped, single yam
Yarn characteristics high strength,
good evenness
3
two-component yarn
Field of use carpets, domestic textiles, outerwear
Advantages fairly low production costs
Special features separate winding machine needed for filament bobbins
1.5.3 Technological and economic interrelationships
A high percentage of filament always has a disturbing effect. Accordingly, these yarns are found more
in the coarse-yarn sector, and to some extent in the coarse-to-medium-yarn field. With medium-fine to
fine yarns, it would be necessary to use very expensive special filament. In general, the high price of
filament relative to staple fibres exerts a strong influence on costs. Economic production of fine yarns
by the wrap-spinning process is therefore not possible. Fine stocking filaments in the fineness range
20-110 dtex are usually used.
Yarns produced from all textile polymers are suitable; the most common are polyamide-fibre,
polyester-fibre, and viscose in the form of mono- or multi-filaments. If the yarn is to consist of only
staple fibres, poly(vinyl alcohol) filaments have to be used; these can be simply dissolved out of the
yarn after spinning.
In relation to ring-spun yarns:

 evenness is usually rather better;
 strength is greater, owing partly to the filament and partly to the high degree of
parallel disposition and the binding together of the fibres;
 covering power is better;
 hairiness is lower;
 the spinning limit is higher, because fewer fibres are needed in the cross-section;
 plying can be eliminated;
 the tendency to snarl is practically zero.
Owing to the binding together of the fibres, there is a slight wave character in the yarn, and this can
be increased to the stage of an effect yarn. Splicing can be performed without problems on the
rewinding machine, and sizing can usually be eliminated in the weaving mill, as also can plying.
The number of wrapping turns per metre usually corresponds approximately to the normal yarn-twist
level. The filament must be rewound from the large packages of the synthetic-filament manufacturers
onto small bobbins (cops); this is done on a special winding machine.

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CHAPTER 15

Introduction to Wrap (cover) spinning

1.5.1 Operating principle

1. Sliver feed stock

1.5.2 Parafil, system of Suessen

F A= The fibre strand ()

Fig. 3 The fibre twisting device in the Parafil process of Sussen

Slivers are used as feedstock; the roving frame is eliminated.

The yarns are used primarily for:

In Parafil yarns, the filament makes up 2-5% of the yarn.

Spinning positions per machine 80

1.5.3 Technological and economic interrelationships

In relation to ring-spun yarns:

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