Name: Abrea, Ericka Mae G.

Year/Section: 4-Bravo
Activity
Learning Check
I. Illustrate and briefly explain the different scientific instruments used in Firearms Identification.

INSTRUMENT ILLUSTRATION EXPLANATION

1. Analytical or Torsion A torsion balance is a device
Balance used to measure the
gravitational acceleration at
the Earth's surface. Aside
from that, it is an instrument
used to determine the weight
of bullets and shotgun
pellets for possible
determination of the type,
caliber, and make of firearm
from
which it was fired it is also
designed to help solve a
problem involving
fragmented
bullets that will be very
difficult to determine its
caliber by measuring its base
diameter.

2. Bullet Comparison It is used for viewing bullet

Microscope fragments, shrapnel,
firearms, cartridge cases,
opaque specimens, and other
samples that need
identification, origin, and
comparison. Moreover, it is
an optical instrument
consisting of two compound
microscopes with a
single microscope field or
ocular eyepiece capable of
viewing two objects side by
side at the same time.
3. Bullet Recovery Box It is a tool used in both the
crime lab and a company
that manufactures firearms.
specially made for test
shooting. The typical
construction is a metallic
box measuring 12'°X12"96".
measurements. Some of
them are constructed from
wooden boxes with inner
metal constructions filled
with common cotton and
divided into pieces by
cardboard, illustration board,
or a straightforward paper
folder. In a crime lab, it is
used to acquire test bullets,
safely test shells, and make
sure they are acquired
undamaged.

4. Chronograph An instrument used to

measure the velocity of a
projectile in flight—typically
one shot from a gun.

5. Caliper One of the basic tools used

in laboratory design is the
caliper.
Check the bullets, shells, and
gun caliber. The following
are measured in firearms: the
bore diameter, the base
diameter of the bullet, and,
occasionally, the body or
mouth diameter of the shell.
6. CP-6 Comparison CP-6 Comparison Projector
Projector is similar to a bullet
comparison microscope,
which allows for the
simultaneous comparison of
two fired shells by projecting
the picture onto a big screen
and observing it in a vertical
position that is pleasant for
viewing. William Howard
Livens, an engineer and
member of the British army,
created the device.

7. Electronic gun marker It is a tool used to brand

weapons, shells, or bullets.

8. Helixometer Colonel Goddard and Mr.

Fisher of the former Forensic
Ballistics Bureau invented
the helixometer. It was
created with the intention of
analyzing the firearm's bore,
specifically the rifling pitch.
The distance that the gun
barrel's rifling advances in
one full spin (360 degrees),
known as the "pitch of
rifling," differs across
different gun manufacturers.

9. Micrometer It is used for the same

purpose as the caliper.
10. Onoscope A little instrument called an
onsocope is used to examine
the internal organs.
When identifying the
imperfections inside the
bore, consider the barrel's
surface.

11. Shadowgraph The shadowgraph functions

similarly to the bullet
comparison microscope
almost exactly. It only varies
in that a large, roughly 14-
inch-diameter circular
ground glass is used to
observe and compare the
class features. It is primarily
intended for determining
preliminary firearm
characteristics.
12. Stereoscopic microscope It is a tool used for initial
investigations of discharged
bullets and rounds that have
been fired to ascertain the
relative class features or for
orientation. Although, unlike
the bullet comparison
microscope, this equipment
has no camera attachment,
no photograph can be taken
with it, it is also utilized for
close-up examinations of
manipulated serial numbers.
13. Taper gauge. It is an instrument designed
to measure the diameter of
the bore of the
firearm.