MCQs Dr. Laila - Lipogenesis - Lipolysis - FA Oxidation

MCQs for training
Lipid metabolism
Lipogenesis
Lipolysis & FA oxidation
Dr. Laila Mahdi Mohamed

Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department
Faculty of Medicine-Helwan University
Important notes:
Metformin (antidiabetic drug)
• In patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, insulin is unable to exert adequate effects
on tissues and cells (i.e. insulin resistance).
• Metformin reduces blood glucose level by reducing hepatic production of glucose
(gluconeogenesis), decreases the intestinal absorption of glucose, and enhances
peripheral glucose uptake mainly by skeletal Ms. (↑ insulin sensitivity).
• Metformin reduces serum TAG through:
 Inhibition of ACC (by phosphorylation & repression)
 Inhibition of FAS (by repression)
Valproate (antiseizure drug)

• It can cause carnitine deficiency by decreasing its renal reabsorption.
1- Free fatty acids are transported in the blood
(A) Combined with albumin
(B) Combined with fatty alcohol
(C) Combined with β-lipoprotein
(D) In unbound free salts
2- Long chain fatty acids are first activated to acyl-CoA in
(A) Cytosol
(B) Microsomes
(C) Nucleus
(D) Mitochondria
3- The enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the activation of a fatty acid in the presence of
(A)AMP
(B) ADP
(C) ATP
(D) GTP
4- Carnitine is synthesized from
(A) Lysine and methionine
(B) Glycine and arginine
(C) Aspartate and glutamate
(D) Proline and hydroxyproline
5- The enzymes of β-oxidation are found in
(A) Mitochondria
(B) Cytosol
(C) Golgi apparatus
(D) Nucleus
6- Long chain fatty acids penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane
(A) Freely
(B) As acyl-CoA derivative
(C) As carnitine derivative
(D) Requiring Na dependent carrier
7- An important feature of Zellweger ’s syndrome is
(A) Hypoglycemia
(B) Accumulation of phytanic acid in tissues
(C) Skin eruptions
(D) Accumulation of C26-C38 polyenoic acid in brain tissues
8- The major storage form of lipids is
(A) Esterified cholesterol
(B) Glycerophospholipids
(C) Triglycerides
(D) Sphingolipids
9- De novo synthesis of fatty acids occurs in
(A) Cytosol
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Microsomes
(D) All of these
10- Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) contains the vitamin:
(A) Biotin
(B) Lipoic acid
(C) Pantothenic acid
(D) Folic acid
11- Which of the following is required as a reductant in fatty acid synthesis?
(A) NADH
(B) NADPH
(C) FADH2
(D) FMNH2
12- Hepatic lipogenesis is stimulated by:
(A) Growth hormone
(B) Glucagon
(C) Epinephrine
(D) Insulin
13- De novo synthesis of fatty acids requires all of the following except
(A) Biotin
(B) NADH
(C) Pantothenic acid
(D) ATP
14- Acetyl CoA carboxylase regulates FA synthesis by which of the following mechanism?
(A) Allosteric regulation
(B) Covalent modification
(C) Induction and repression
(D) All of these
15- β-Oxidation of fatty acids requires all the following coenzymes except
(A) CoA
(B) FAD
(C) NAD
(D) NADP
16- Which of the following can be oxidized by β-oxidation pathway?
(A) Saturated fatty acids
(B) Mono-unsaturated fatty acids
(C) Poly-unsaturated fatty acids
(D) All of these
17- Propionyl CoA is formed on oxidation of
(A) Monounsaturated fatty acids
(B) Polyunsaturated fatty acids
(C) Fatty acids with odd number of carbon atoms
(D) None of these
18- All the following statements about carnitine are true except
(A) It can be synthesized in the human body
(B) It can be synthesized from methionine and lysine
(C) It is required for transport of short chain fatty acids into mitochondria
(D) Its deficiency can occur due to liver disease
19- All the following can be oxidized by β-oxidation except
(A) Palmitic acid
(B) Phytanic acid
(C) Linoleic acid
(D) Fatty acids having an odd number of carbon atoms
20- Lipid stores are mainly present in
(A) Liver
(B) Brain
(C) Muscles
(D) Adipose tissue
21- Glycerol is converted into glycerol-3-phosphate by
(A) Thiokinase
(B) Triokinase
(C) Glycerol kinase
(D) All of these
22- In adipose tissue, glycerol-3-phosphate required for the synthesis of
triglycerides comes mainly from
(A) Hydrolysis of pre-existing triglycerides
(B) Hydrolysis of phospholipids
(C) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate formed in glycolysis
(D) Free glycerol
23- Glycerol released from adipose tissue by hydrolysis of triglycerides is
mainly
(A) Taken up by liver
(B) Taken up by extrahepatic tissues
(C) Reutilized in adipose tissue
(D) Excreted from the body
24- Free glycerol cannot be used for triglyceride synthesis in
(A) Liver
(B) Kidney
(C) Intestine
(D) Adipose tissue
25- Adipose tissue lacks
(A) Hormone-sensitive lipase
(B) Glycerol kinase
(C) cAMP-dependent protein kinase
(D) Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
26- Activation of fatty acids requires all the following except
(A) ATP
(B) Coenzyme A
(C) Thiokinase
(D) Carnitine
27- Mitochondrial thiokinase acts on
(A) Short & medium chain fatty acids
(B) Long chain fatty acids
(C) Very long chain fatty acids
(D) None of the above
28- Carnitine is required for the transport of
(A) Triglycerides out of liver
(B) Triglycerides into mitochondria
(C) Short chain fatty acids into mitochondria
(D) Long chain fatty acids into mitochondria
29- Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase is present
(A) In the inner mitochondrial membrane
(B) In the mitochondrial matrix
(C) In the outer mitochondrial membrane
(D) In the inter membrane space
30- Propionyl CoA formed by oxidation of fatty acids having an odd number of
carbon atoms is converted into
(A) Acetyl CoA
(B) Acetoacetyl CoA
(C) Methylmalonyl CoA
(D) Butyryl CoA
31- α-Oxidation of fatty acids occurs mainly in
(A) Liver
(B) Brain
(C) Muscles
(D) Adipose tissue
32- Refsum’s disease results from a defect in the following pathway
(A) Alpha-oxidation of fatty acids
(B) Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
(C) Gamma-oxidation of fatty acids
(D) Omega-oxidation of fatty acids
33- One functional sub-unit of multi-enzyme complex for de novo synthesis of
fatty acids contains
(A) One —SH group
(B) Two —SH groups
(C) Three —SH groups
(D) Four —SH groups
34- Mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to
(A) Short chain fatty acids
(B) Medium chain fatty acids
(C) Long chain fatty acids
(D) All of these
35- During each cycle of β-oxidation
(A) One carbon atom is removed from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid
(B) One carbon atom is removed from the methyl end of the fatty acid
(C) Two carbon atoms are removed from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid
(D) Two carbon atoms are removed from the methyl end of the fatty acid
36- Net generation of energy on complete oxidation of palmitic acid is
(A) 129 ATP
(B) 131 ATP
(C) 146 ATP
(D) 148 ATP
37- Net generation of energy on complete oxidation of a 17-carbon fatty acid is
(A) Equal to the energy generation from a 16-carbon fatty acid
(B) Equal to the energy generation from an 18-carbon fatty acid
(C) Less than the energy generation from a 16-carbon fatty acid
(D) In between the energy generation from a 16-carbon fatty acid and an 18-carbon
fatty acid
38- NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis can come from
(A) Hexose monophosphate shunt
(B) Oxidative decarboxylation of malate
(C) Extramitochondrial oxidation of isocitrate
(D) All of these
39- Human desaturase enzyme system cannot introduce a double bond in a
fatty acid beyond
(A) Carbon 9
(B) Carbon 6
(C) Carbon 5
(D) Carbon 3
40- Release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue is increased by all of the
following except
(A) Glucagon
(B) Epinephrine
(C) Growth hormone
(D) Insulin
41- For extra-mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, acetyl CoA may be obtained
from
(A) Citrate
(B) Isocitrate
(C) Oxaloacetate
(D) Succinate
42- Acetyl CoA formed from pyruvate can be used for the synthesis of all the
following except
(A) Glucose
(B) Fatty acids
(C) Cholesterol
(D) Steroid hormones
43- De novo synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids differ in the following respect:
(A) Synthesis occurs in cytosol and oxidation in mitochondria
(B) Synthesis is decreased and oxidation increased by insulin
(C) NADH is required in synthesis and FAD in oxidation
(D) Malonyl CoA is formed during oxidation but not during synthesis
44- Free fatty acids released from adipose tissue are transported in blood by
(A) Albumin
(B) VLDL
(C) LDL
(D) HDL
45- Fatty acids can be oxidized by
(A) α -oxidation
(B) β -oxidation
(C) ω –oxidation
(D) All of these
46- The fatty acids containing even number and odd number of carbon
atoms as well as the unsaturated fatty acids are oxidized by
(A) α-oxidation
(B) β-oxidation
(C) ω-oxidation
(D) All of these
47- Long chain fatty acids are first activated to acyl CoA in the
(A) Cytosol
(B) Mitochodria
(C) Ribosomes
(D) Microsome
48- Long chain acyl CoA penetrates mitochondria in the presence of
(A) Palmitate
(B) Carnitine
(C) Sorbitol
(D) DNP
49- Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase converts Acyl CoA to α-β unsaturated acyl-CoA
in presence of the coenzyme:
(A) NAD+
(B) NADP+
(C) ATP
(D) FAD
50- Carboxylation of acetyl—CoA to malonyl— CoA takes place in presence of
(A) FAD+
(B) Biotin
(C) NAD+
(D) NADP+
51- In de novo synthesis of fatty acids, malonyl-CoA reacts with the following
group of fatty acid synthase:
(A) —SH group
(B) —NH2 group
(C) —COOH group
(D) —CH2OH group
52- Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the presence of the coenzyme:
(A) NAD+
(B) Reduced NAD
(C) NADP+
(D) Reduced NADP
53- Fatty acids are activated to acyl CoA by thiokinase in the presence of the
coenzyme
(A) NAD+
(B) NADP+
(C) CoA
(D) FAD+
54- The desaturation and chain elongation system of fatty acids occur in
(A) Cytosol
(B) Mitochodria
(C) Ribosomes
(D) Microsomes
55- Depot fats of mammalian cells comprise mostly of
(A) Cholesterol
(B) Cholesterol esters
(C) Triacylglycerol
(D) Phospholipids
56- What is the subcellular site for the β-oxidation of fatty acids?
(A) Nucleus
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Lysosome
(D) Cytosol
57- The carbon chain of fatty acids is shortened by 2 carbon atoms at a time. This involves successive reactions
catalyzed by 4-enzymes. These act as the following order:
(A) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl CoA hydratase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolose.
(B) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolase, enoyl CoA hydratase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase.
(C) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolose, enoyl CoA hydratase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase.
(D) Enoyl CoA hydratase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase, acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolose.
58- Adipose tissue which is a store house for TAG using----------------for the
synthesis of triglycerides.
(A) The glycerol released by hydrolysis of triacylglycerol
(B) The glycerol-3-phosphate obtained in the metabolism of glucose
(C) 2-phosphoglycerate
(D) 3-phosphoglycerate
59- In the extra mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids, CO2 is utilized
(A) To keep the system anaerobic and prevent regeneration of acetyl CoA
(B) In the conversion of malonyl to CoA hydroxybutyryl CoA
(C) In the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA
(D) In the formation of acetyl CoA from 1 carbon intermediates
60- All long chain fatty acids with even number of carbon atoms are oxidized to
a pool of _________ by β-oxidation.
(A) CO2
(B) Propionic acid
(C) Acetic acid
(D) Acetyl CoA
61- The level of free fatty acids in plasma is increased by
(A) Insulin
(B) Caffeine
(C) Glucose
(D) Niacin
62- While citrate is converted to isocitrate in the mitochondria, it is converted
in the cytosol to _______
(A) Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate
(B) Acetyl CoA + malonyl CoA
(C) Acetyl CoA + Pyruvate
(D) Acetyl CoA + acetoacetyl CoA
63- Fatty acids can not be converted into carbohydrates in the body, as the
following reaction is not possible:
(A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose
(B) Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate
(C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate
(D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids
Answers
1-A 16-D 34-C 52-D
2-A 17-C 35-C 53-C
3-C 18-C 36-A 54-D
19-B 37-C 55-C
4-A 20-D 38-D 56-B
5-A 21-C 39-A 57-A
6-C 22-C 40-D 58-B
7-D 23-A 41-A 59-C
24-D 42-A 60-D
8-C
25-B 43-A 61-B
9-A 26-D 44-A 62-A
10-C 27-A 45-D 63-C
11-B 28-D 46-B
29-A 47-A
12-D
30-C 48-B
13-B 31-B 49-D
14-D 32-A 50-B
15-D 33-B 51-A
For contact
• laila.mahdi@med.helwan.edu.eg
• Microsoft Teams (Chat)
• Telegram
Thank you

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MCQs for training

Dr. Laila Mahdi Mohamed

Valproate (antiseizure drug)

(A) 129 ATP

(B) 131 ATP

(C) 146 ATP

(D) 148 ATP

37- Net generation of energy on complete oxidation of a 17-carbon fatty acid is

(A) Equal to the energy generation from a 16-carbon fatty acid

(B) Equal to the energy generation from an 18-carbon fatty acid

(B) Cholesterol esters

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