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    Nunation Wiki

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    Nunation in Semitic languages like Arabic involves adding vowel diacritics to indicate that a noun or adjective ends in a nasal sound. There are three nunation diacritics in literary Arabic representing the suffixes -un, -in, and -an. While nunation exists in some spoken dialects, most only use it for words borrowed from literary Arabic. Nunation marks nouns as indefinite in Arabic since the language lacks indefinite articles.

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    Nunation Wiki

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    Nunation in Semitic languages like Arabic involves adding vowel diacritics to indicate that a noun or adjective ends in a nasal sound. There are three nunation diacritics in literary Arabic representing the suffixes -un, -in, and -an. While nunation exists in some spoken dialects, most only use it for words borrowed from literary Arabic. Nunation marks nouns as indefinite in Arabic since the language lacks indefinite articles.

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    ARABIC GRAMMAR

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    Nunation in Semitic languages like Arabic involves adding vowel diacritics to indicate that a noun or adjective ends in a nasal sound. There are three nunation diacritics in literary Arabic representing the suffixes -un, -in, and -an. While nunation exists in some spoken dialects, most only use it for words borrowed from literary Arabic. Nunation marks nouns as indefinite in Arabic since the language lacks indefinite articles.

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    23 views2 pages

    Nunation Wiki

    Uploaded by

    MM Nabeel
    Nunation in Semitic languages like Arabic involves adding vowel diacritics to indicate that a noun or adjective ends in a nasal sound. There are three nunation diacritics in literary Arabic representing the suffixes -un, -in, and -an. While nunation exists in some spoken dialects, most only use it for words borrowed from literary Arabic. Nunation marks nouns as indefinite in Arabic since the language lacks indefinite articles.

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    Language Watch Edit

    Not to be confused with Nu-Nation or nutation.

    Nunation (Arabic: ‫َتنِو ين‬, tanwīn ), in some Semitic languages such as Literary Arabic, is the addition of one of three vowel diacritics (ḥarakāt)
    to a noun or adjective.

    This is used to indicate the word ends in an alveolar nasal without the addition of the letter nūn. The noun phrase is fully declinable and
    syntactically unmarked for definiteness, identifiable in speech.

    Contents

    Literary Arabic

    When writing Literary Arabic in full diacritics, there are three nunation diacritics, which indicate the suffixes -un (IPA: /-un/) (nominative
    case), -in /-in/ (genitive), and -an /an/ (accusative). The orthographical rules for nunation with the fatḥah sign ‫ًـ‬‎is by an additional ‫ا‬‎alif (‫ًا‬‎,

    diacritic above alif; or ‫ًـا‬‎, diacritic before alif; see below), above ‫ًة‬‎(tāʾ marbūṭah ‫ )تاء مربوطة‬or above ‫ًء‬‎(hamzah ‫)همزة‬.

    In most dialects of spoken Arabic, nunation only exists in words and phrases borrowed from the literary language, especially those that are
    declined in the accusative (that is, with -an). It is still used in some Bedouin dialects in its genitive form -in, such as in Najdi Arabic.

    Since Arabic has no indefinite article, nouns that are nunated (except for proper nouns) are indefinite, and so the absence of the definite
    article ʼal triggers nunation in all nouns and substantives except diptotes (that is, derivations with only two cases in the indefinite state, -u in
    the nominative and -a in the accusative and genitive). A given name, if it is not a diptote, is also nunated when declined, as in ‫َأْش َه ُد َأَّن ُمَح َّمًدا َر ُس وُل‬
    ‫( اهلل‬ashhadu anna Muḥammadan rasūlu l-lāh(i) /ʔaʃ.ha.du ʔan.na mu.ħam.ma.dan ra.suː.lul.laː(.hi)/ "I bear witness that Muhammad is the
    messenger of Allah."), in which the word ‫ محمد‬Muḥammad, a given name derived from the passive participle of ‫"( َح َّمَد‬to praise"), is nunated to
    ‫ ُمَح َّمًدا‬Muḥammadan to signal that it is in the accusative case, as it is the grammatical subject of a sentence introduced by ‫"( أَّن‬that").

    Nunation - tanwīn ‫َتْن ِو ين‬

    ‫ٍـ‬‎ ‫ًـ‬‎


    Symbol

    ‫ٌـ‬‎

    Transliteration
    -un -in -an

    Case
    Nom Gen Acc

    Example on the word ‫ بيت‬bayt


    ‫بيٌت‬‎ ‫بيٍت‬‎
    ‫بيًتا‬‎
    Transliteration baytun baytin baytan

    Example on the word ‫ دودة‬dūdah


    ‫دودٌة‬‎ ‫دودٍة‬‎
    ‫دودًة‬‎
    Transliteration dūdatun dūdatin dūdatan

    ‫هدوٌء‬‎ ‫هدوٍء‬‎
    ‫هدوًءا‬‎
    Example on the word ‫ هدوء‬hudūʼ

    Transliteration hudūʼun hudūʼin hudūʼan

    A note that it is a common practice, both electronically and in handwriting, to write the fatḥatān on the alif, rather than on the previous letter:

    ‫ هدوءًا‬- ‫بيتًا‬‎

    Xiao'erjing

    Further information: Xiao'erjing

    Xiao'erjing is a Perso-Arabic script adopted for writing of Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and
    Northeastern dialects) or the Dungan language. This writing system is unique (compared to other Arabic-based writing systems) in that all
    vowels, long and short, are explicitly marked at all times with Arabic diacritics. In this script, the three nunations are used extensively to
    represent the alveolar (front) nasal sounds ("-n"), and also sometimes to represent velar (back) nasal sounds ("-ng").

    Nunation - tanwīn

    ‫ًـا‬‎ ‫ٌـ‬‎ ‫ٍـ‬‎ ‫ٍـ‬‎ْ




    Symbol

    Transliteration
    -an -un -en -eng

    Example on a word
    ‫ًبا‬‎ ‫ٌج‬‎ ‫ٍم‬‎ ‫ٍْم‬‎
    Chinese Character 半 准 们 半
    Pinyin bàn zhǔn mén méng

    Akkadian language

    Nunation may also refer to the -n  ending of duals in Akkadian (until it was dropped in the Old Babylonian period).[1]

    Character encodings

    Character information

    Preview ً ٌ ٍ ࣰ ࣱ ࣲ
    ARABIC ARABIC ARABIC OPEN ARABIC OPEN ARABIC OPEN
    Unicode name ARABIC FATHATAN
    DAMMATAN KASRATAN FATHATAN DAMMATAN KASRATAN

    Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex

    Unicode 1611 U+064B 1612 U+064C 1613 U+064D 2288 U+08F0 2289 U+08F1 2290 U+08F2

    217 217 217 224 163 E0 A3 224 163 E0 A3 224 163 E0 A3


    UTF-8 D9 8B D9 8C D9 8D
    139 140 141 176 B0 177 B1 178 B2

    Numeric character
    ً ً ٌ ٌ ٍ ٍ ࣰ ࣰ ࣱ ࣱ ࣲ ࣲ
    reference

    See also

    Arabic diacritics

    Mimation

    iʿrāb

    References

    1. ^ Akkadian grammar: morphology Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine

    Last edited on 11 November 2022, at 03:16

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