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    CSEC Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salts

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    An indicator is a substance that changes color in acids versus bases, allowing them to test for the presence of an acid or base. Common indicators include litmus, which is red in acids and blue in bases, and phenolphthalein, which is colorless in acids and pink in bases. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a pH below 7, reacting with metals and forming salts by replacing hydrogen ions. Bases produce hydroxide ions in water, turning litmus blue and having a bitter taste. Salts can be acid salts, containing some replaceable hydrogen ions, or normal salts where all hydrogen is replaced, determining solubility.

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    CSEC Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salts

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    An indicator is a substance that changes color in acids versus bases, allowing them to test for the presence of an acid or base. Common indicators include litmus, which is red in acids and blue in bases, and phenolphthalein, which is colorless in acids and pink in bases. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a pH below 7, reacting with metals and forming salts by replacing hydrogen ions. Bases produce hydroxide ions in water, turning litmus blue and having a bitter taste. Salts can be acid salts, containing some replaceable hydrogen ions, or normal salts where all hydrogen is replaced, determining solubility.

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    Notes for Csec Chemistry

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    An indicator is a substance that changes color in acids versus bases, allowing them to test for the presence of an acid or base. Common indicators include litmus, which is red in acids and blue in bases, and phenolphthalein, which is colorless in acids and pink in bases. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a pH below 7, reacting with metals and forming salts by replacing hydrogen ions. Bases produce hydroxide ions in water, turning litmus blue and having a bitter taste. Salts can be acid salts, containing some replaceable hydrogen ions, or normal salts where all hydrogen is replaced, determining solubility.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    208 views4 pages

    CSEC Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salts

    Uploaded by

    Cornflakes Toasted
    An indicator is a substance that changes color in acids versus bases, allowing them to test for the presence of an acid or base. Common indicators include litmus, which is red in acids and blue in bases, and phenolphthalein, which is colorless in acids and pink in bases. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a pH below 7, reacting with metals and forming salts by replacing hydrogen ions. Bases produce hydroxide ions in water, turning litmus blue and having a bitter taste. Salts can be acid salts, containing some replaceable hydrogen ions, or normal salts where all hydrogen is replaced, determining solubility.

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    Indicators

    Sunday, 12 June 2022 5:02 PM

    An indicator is a substance which is one colour in an acid and another colour in


    a base. IT can therefore be used to test for the presence of an acid or base.
    Some indicators are available in paper form, e.g. litmus and universal
    indicator. Others are available in a liquid form, e/g methyl orange and
    phenolphthalein.

    Some common indicators

    Indicator Colour in Acid Colour in Base


    Litmus Red Blue
    Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink
    Methyl Orange Red Yellow
    Screened Methyl Orange Red Green
    Bromothymol blue Yellow Blue

    Acids and Bases Page 1


    Acids
    Sunday, 12 June 2022 5:29 PM

    An acid is a substance which produces free hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids have a pH range
    of 1 - 6.

    Stronger acids dissociate completely in water while weaker acids only dissociate partially.

    Reactions of Acids

    •
    •
    •

    Note that the metals Copper, gold and silver do not react with acids.

    Salts are formed when the hydrogen cation of the acid is replaced by the ion of a metal.

    Properties of Acids
    • Sour in taste
    • Changes blue litmus red
    • Changes methyl orange red
    • Give hydrogen ions in solution

    Acids and Bases Page 2


    Bases
    Sunday, 12 June 2022 5:43 PM

    Bases are soluble alkalis, which produce free OH- when dissolved in water.

    Stronger Bases are ones which dissociate completely when dissolved while
    weaker ones partially dissociate.

    Reactions of Bases
    •
    •

    Properties of Bases
    • Bitter in taste
    • Turns red litmus blue
    • Turns methyl orange yellow
    • Turns phenolphthalein pink
    • Soapy to touch
    • Give hydroxyl ions in solution

    Acids and Bases Page 3


    Salts
    Sunday, 12 June 2022 6:31 PM

    Acid Salts
    Some of the replaceable H+ ions from the acid remain in the salt, giving them a
    pH below 7
    Dibasic and tribasic acids from acid salts when partially neutralized

    Acid Salt: H2SO4 + NaOH -> NaHSO4 + H2O


    Normal Salt: H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O

    Normal Salts
    Normal salts form when all the H+ ions of an acid have been replaced by metal
    ions or ammonium ions. They therefore contain no replaceable H + ions. Normal
    salts may be soluble or insoluble.

    Acids and Bases Page 4

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