Distillation Column and Application
Distillation Column and Application
Distillation Column and Application
Production Application
Distillation process
Types of distillation
Distillation equipments and properties of
them
Alcohol production
Distillation of alcohol
Types of alcohol distillation
Distillation
Distillation is a kind of seperation technique of two or
more volatile liquid compunds by using the difference in
boiling points and relative volatility.
The process takes place in a column, and two heat
exchangers.
In the column two phases, liquid and gas, are
distributed to enrich the vapor in more volatile
compounds and enrich the liquid phase on less volatile
compounds.
Mass transfer is the key to a successful distillation.
Tray
Distillation
Tower
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
It has simple flowsheet, low Distillation has a low
capital investment, and low energy efficiency and
risk. If components to be requires thermal stability of
separated have a high compounds at their boiling
relative volatility difference points. It may not be
and are thermally stable, attractive when azeotropes
distillation is hard to beat. are involved or when it is
necessary to separate high
boiling components,
present in small
concentrations, from large
volumes of a carrier, such
as water.
Types of Distillation
Continous Distillation
Batch Distillation
Semi-Batch Distillation
Continous Distillation
The mixture which is to be
seperated is fed to column
at one or more points.
Liquid mixture runs down
the column while vapor
goes up.
Vapor is produced by
partial vaporisation of the
mixture which is heated in
reboiler.
Then vapor is partially
condensed to earn back the
less volatile compounds to
the column to seperate as
bottom product. (reflux)
Batch Distillation
The oldest operation
used for seperation of
liquid mixtures.
Feed is fed from
bottom,where includes
reboiler, to be
processed.
Numbers of
accumulator tanks are
connected to collect the
main and the
intermediate distillate
fractions.
Semi-batch Distillation
Semi-batch distillation
is very similar to batch
distillation.
Feed is introduced to
column in a continous
or semi-continous
mode.
It is suitable for
extractive and reactive
distillations.
Comparsion of Distillation
Types
For batch distillation, it For continous
is enough to use only distillation, to seperate
one column to seperate multicomponent liquid
multicomponent liquid mixtures, more than
mixture. one columns are
One sequence of necessary to be used.
operation is enough to One column is
seperate all the dedicated to seperate a
components in a specific mixture and
mixture. specific operation.
Equipment Designs
Counter
current
flow of
two
streams
Operation at each Plate
Trays and plates
Valve trays
Perforations are covered by caps
lifted by vapour, which creates a
flow area and directs the vapour
horizontally into the liquid.
Sieve trays
Sieve trays are simply metal
plates with holes in them.
Vapour passes straight upward
through the liquid on the plate.
The arrangement, number and
size of the holes are design
parameters.
Valve Tray (Lift)
Sieve Tray
Sieve Tray
Liquid and vapour flows in a tray column
• Each tray has 2 conduits called
downcomers: one on each side.
Liquid falls by gravity through
the downcomers from one tray
to the tray below.
• A weir ensures there is always
some liquid (holdup) on the tray
and is designed such that the the
holdup is at a suitable height,
e.g. such that the bubble caps
are covered by liquid.
• Vapour flows up the column
and is forced to pass through
the liquid via the openings on
each tray. The area allowed for
the passage of vapour on each
tray is called the active tray
area.
Flooding and Weeping
Weeping Flooding
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