Introduction (CVT)
Introduction (CVT)
Introduction (CVT)
and Transforms
(MATH-232)
Introduction
Dr. Hina Dutt
hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk
SEECS-NUST
Semester Planner
Course Logistics
Course Code: Math-232 Semester: 4th
Prerequisite
Credit Hours: 3+0
Codes:
Instructor: Dr. Hina Munir Dutt Discipline: BESE
10
10
50
Quizzes
30
Assignments & Class Presentations
MSE
ESE
Books
• Advanced Engineering • Real and Complex Analysis by
Mathematics (9th Edition) by Walter Rudin.
Ervin Kreyszig. • Complex Variables &
• A First Course in Complex Applications by James Ward
Analysis with Applications by Brown, Ruel V. Churchill.
Dennis G. Zill. • Advanced Modern
Engineering Mathematics by
Glyn James.
Reference
Text Books
Books
Complex Variables and
Transforms
Fourier
Complex Fourier Transform
Variables Series and Z-
Transform
Complex Analysis
Complex analysis has many applications in heat conduction, fluid flow,
electrostatics, and in other areas. It extends “real calculus” to “complex
calculus” by introducing complex numbers and functions. While many
ideas carry over from calculus to complex analysis, there is a marked
difference between the two. For example, analytic functions (differentiable
in some domain) of complex analysis, have derivatives of all orders. This is
in contrast to calculus, where real-valued functions of real variables may
have derivatives only up to a certain order. Thus, in certain ways, problems
that are difficult to solve in real calculus may be much easier to solve in
complex analysis.
Why Complex Analysis?
Complex analysis is important in applied mathematics for three main reasons:
1. Two-dimensional potential problems can be modeled and solved by methods
of analytic functions. This reason is the real and imaginary parts of analytic
functions satisfy Laplace’s equation in two real variables.
2. Many difficult integrals (real or complex) that appear in applications can be
solved quite elegantly by complex integration.
3. Most functions in engineering mathematics are analytic functions, and their
study as functions of a complex variable leads to a deeper understanding of
their properties and to interrelations in complex that have no analog in real
calculus.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms
For most human tasks, real numbers (or even rational numbers) offer an adequate
description of data.
Fractions such as 2/3 and 1/8 are meaningless to a person counting stones, but
essential to a person comparing the sizes of different collections of stones.
Negative numbers such as −3 and −5 are meaningless when measuring the mass
of an object, but essential when keeping track of monetary debits and credits.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms
Imaginary numbers have essential concrete applications in a variety of sciences
and related areas such as Signal Processing, Control Theory, Electromagnetism,
Communication Systems, Broadband Technologies, Quantum Mechanics,
Cartography, Vibration Analysis, and many others.
The Fourier Transform and Series and their analytic properties are very commonly
used in Telecommunications, Digital Signal Processing, Digital Image Processing,
Electronics Design, and more.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms
Dispersion is the phenomenon of different frequencies traveling at different
speeds down a wire or other transmission line, and it can prevent signals in a
circuit from being properly sent, if proper attention is not paid to it. Fourier and
thus complex analysis is critical in understanding dispersion and being able to
correct for it.
Along with the concept of Fourier transformations, we have the Laplace and 𝑍-
transforms. These transforms are useful in Circuit Analysis and Control Theory to
build increasingly complex electronics.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms
Knowing how to deal with the various challenges in Signal Theory, such as the
locations of poles (places where a function goes to infinity) and zeros of a
function which represents a circuit allows us to build appropriate filters and
amplifiers. It also helps us to build digital filters, use anti-aliasing, or sample data
if we’re doing digital signal processing. Again, it’s important to know not just
what complex variables and functions look like, but how to properly apply
analysis to these variables and functions to turn them into usable forms.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms