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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – QUEZON CITY

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Architecture Department

A PROPOSED INDIGENOUS FARM RESORT IN BAGUIO CITY

Submitted by:

ERICKA C. DE CLARO

ARCH42S3

Submitted to:

Ar. Christine Ann C. Ferraris, UAP

Research Methods for Architecture Professor

February 2023
CHAPTER I

Introduction

Tourism leads the economy to success (Yehia, 2019). It has been one of the
principal priorities of an administration as it brings revenue to aid the country’s
development projects. According to the data provided by the Philippine Statistics
Authority (2022), the contribution of the Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TDGVA) to
the Philippine economy as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is
estimated at 5.2 percent in the year 2021. Taking this into account, tourism plays a
major role in the development of a country. Adventure, beach, eco, medical, wildlife,
and cultural – these are some of the different forms of tourism in the Philippines (Shead,
2017). Each generates a relatively large amount of income to support government’s
programs toward economic progress. However, the continuous seek for progress is
double-edged; on one side it shows the favorable evolution caused by urban
improvement and alternatively, it damages the true nature of Filipinos.

Under the cultural aspect is indigenous tourism – defined as a tourism activity


that involves indigenous people either by allowing them to manage culture-centered
commerce or making traditions the focus of destinations and opportunities (Aulia &
Kusumastuti, 2022). As stated in an article written by the World Tourism Organization
(2023), indigenous tourism is an act to protect and provide for native groups; as it
encourages the revival of culture, tradition, and identity of a country and its people;
which concurrently supports employment, elevates tourism, and allows people to retain
or reconnect their relationship with their land.

All things considered, this research aims to design an Indigenous Farm Resort in
Baguio City – with the intention of reliving and rekindling the culture, tradition, and
identity of the ethnic groups; to introduce them to native and non-native tourists while
providing employment and establishing a haven that resembles their homes.
Background of the Study

Indigenous people play a crucial role in the dissemination of ancestral knowledge


and conserving unique biodiversity – to let the present and future generations gain an
understanding of the vast chronicle of Philippine history (The World Bank, 2022). Based
on the statistics provided by the International Labour Organization (2023), there are a
total of 110 ethnic groups in the country which make up only between 10 to 20 percent
of the Philippines’ current population. Although distinctiveness is an advantage to few, it
is not entirely factual to indigenous people – especially those living away from their
native homes.

Loss of ancestral domain, discrimination, and unemployment are some of the


significant issues they are coming up against (Ty, 2010). This was heavily influenced by
the dynamic society – where development, progress, and change are inevitable.
Generation by generation, people living in the metropolis are grasping advancements
caused by time. Inventions through modern sciences and technologies were accepted
instantaneously in exchange for a progressive city. However, not everyone was able to
hop on this transition, from primitive to modernity, as for the fact that indigenous people
hold the roots of Philippine history – and altering their way of living is against Republic
Act No. 8371 of 1997 also known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. These
affairs caused modern city dwellers to look at and treat ethnic groups differently and
claim superiority over ethnic groups. According to the International Labour Organization
(2023), indigenous people are experiencing revolting discrimination outside their native
lands – which concurrently leads to unemployment. Employers see them as illiterate
and inferior as they lack the same knowledge modern people have. That being the
case, they were deprived of the same privileges’ others possess just because they do
not live the way city dwellers live.

There are already several architectural studies focused on indigenous people all
over the web – museums, cultural centers, villages, parks, along with others. However,
there are no farm resorts specifically designed for their cause. Based on the article
written by Morrow (2021), tourists consistently choose resorts over hotels as it saves
their time of finding activities and amenities from different spots and establishments –
given that they only have a limited time to spare when they travel. On the other hand,
the notion of living modestly attracts tourists to visit farms (Casella, 2021). Thus, a farm
resort exhibiting the lives of indigenous people is an opportunity to show tourists their
rich culture and heritage and to reclaim their status in society.

Significance of the Study

The research is conducted to connect the culture, tradition, and identity of


indigenous people to the tourism and hospitality industry in Baguio City. Benefitting the
study are the various sectors as follows:

Indigenous People, are the direct benefactors of the output of this study. Native
groups in the Philippines are facing imminent outright negligence. The government and
authorities are fully immersed in the beauty of progress and development which takes
hold of their focus away from the gradual destruction of native groups and the Philippine
history alongside them.

Filipino Tourists, to reconnect them with the nature of Filipinos and to decrease
the percentage of colonial mentality in the country. It is the norm to live, study, and work
every day with the objective of fitting in with the fast-paced society. Filipinos are chasing
after what other countries are grasping – as they see them as the standards of what a
state must attain.

Foreign Tourists, to introduce to them the culture, tradition, and identity of


indigenous people in the country as for the fact that the Philippines is known for its
natural resources – which foreign nationals admire. This opportunity could cause
revenue to fund government projects for the betterment of the country.

Architects, to present them with future possibilities; without harming the nature
of indigenous people. Development and progress have repercussions for society and
the environment – and Architects have the capability to mitigate them by means of
building innovations that address the issue.
Future Researchers, this research would be a useful reference for the next
generation of researchers. It would help them know which gap should be addressed
next and which aspect of this research should be studied further.
References:

Ilo in indigenous and tribal peoples in the Philippines. International Labour Organization.
(2010, March 22). Retrieved February 3, 2023, from
https://www.ilo.org/manila/areasofwork/WCMS_402361/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text
=Many%20of%20the%20110%20ethno,unemployment%2C%20underemployment
%2C%20and%20illiteracy.

Indigenous peoples in the Philippines: Continuing struggle: ヒューライツ大阪.


Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines: Continuing Struggle | ヒューライツ大阪.
(2010, December). Retrieved February 3, 2023, from
https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section2/2010/12/indigenous-peoples-in-
the-philippines-continuing-struggle.html

Indigenous peoples. World Bank. (2022, April 14). Retrieved February 3, 2023, from
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/indigenouspeoples#:~:text=While
%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20own%2C%20occupy,reduce%20climate%20and
%20disaster%20risks.

Recommendations on sustainable development of Indigenous Tourism. (n.d.). Retrieved


February 3, 2023, from
https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421299

Yehia, Y. (2019, March 26). The importance of tourism on economies and businesses.
globalEDGE Blog: The Importance of Tourism on Economies and Businesses >>
globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge. Retrieved February 3,
2023, from https://globaledge.msu.edu/blog/post/55748/the-importance-of-tourism-
on-economies-a

Share of Tourism to GDP is 5.2 Percent in 2021. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022,
June 16). Retrieved February 3, 2023, from https://psa.gov.ph/content/share-
tourism-gdp-52-percent-2021
Morrow, K. (2022, October 6). Resorts vs hotels: Difference & which is best for you:
Beaches. Here Comes The Sun - The Official Beaches Resorts Travel & Lifestyle
Blog. Retrieved February 3, 2023, from https://www.beaches.com/blog/resorts-vs-
hotels/

Home. Newsroom. (2021, October 30). Retrieved February 3, 2023, from


https://sebsnjaesnews.rutgers.edu/2021/10/what-is-agritourism-why-are-people-
attracted-to-the-farm-and-where-to-go/

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