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Circular Tanks

This document discusses the design of circular concrete tanks. It provides guidance on structural design, materials, and construction methods to ensure tanks are structurally sound and impermeable. Key recommendations include providing proper reinforcement, using quality concrete and construction practices, considering all loading conditions, and designing wall thickness and joints to minimize cracking. Reinforcement should be adequately sized, spaced, and detailed to control cracking from shrinkage and temperature effects.

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Mohamed Ehab
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132 views

Circular Tanks

This document discusses the design of circular concrete tanks. It provides guidance on structural design, materials, and construction methods to ensure tanks are structurally sound and impermeable. Key recommendations include providing proper reinforcement, using quality concrete and construction practices, considering all loading conditions, and designing wall thickness and joints to minimize cracking. Reinforcement should be adequately sized, spaced, and detailed to control cracking from shrinkage and temperature effects.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ehab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫‪Circular Tanks‬‬

‫عمل الطالب‪:‬‬
‫محمد إيهاب محمود احمد المتولي‬
‫كود الطالب‪201901776 :‬‬

‫تحت اشراف‬
‫د‪ .‬احمد سعيد‬

‫‪1‬‬
Introduction
Concrete tanks have been used extensively in municipal and industrial facilities
for several decades. The design of these structures requires that attention be given
not only to strength requirements, but to serviceability requirements as well. A
properly designed tank must be able to withstand the applied loads without cracks
that would permit leakage.
The goal of providing a structurally sound tank that will not leak is achieved by
Providing proper reinforcement and distribution.
Proper spacing and detailing of construction joints.
Use of quality concrete placed using proper construction
procedures.
The report by ACI Committee 350 entitled Environmental Engineering Concrete
Structures is essential in understanding the design of tanks.
This report presents recommendations for structural design, materials,
and construction of concrete tanks, reservoirs, and other structures
commonly used in water containment, industrial and domestic water, and
wastewater treatment works, where dense, impermeable concrete with high
resistance to chemical attack is required.”
The tank may also be subjected to uplift forces from hydrostatic pressure
at the bottom when empty. It is important to consider all possible
loading conditions on the structure. Full effects of the soil loads and
water pressure must be designed for without using them to minimize the
effects of each other. The effects of water table must be considered for
the design loading conditions.

2
Strength Design Method
Modification 1 The load factor to be used for lateral liquid
pressure, F, is taken as 1.7 rather than the value of 1.4 specified
in ACI 318.
Modification 2 ACI 350-01 requires that the value of U be
increased by using a multiplier called the sanitary coefficient.
Required strength = Sanitary coefficient x U
where the sanitary coefficient equals:
1.3 for flexure
1.65 for direct tension
1.3 for shear beyond that of the capacity provided by the Concrete

Working Stress Design


ACI 350-01 implies in its document that the maximum
allowable stress for Grade 60 (4200 Kg/cm2) reinforcing steel is
2100 Kg/cm2 (0.5fy). ACI 350 recommends the allowable stress in
hoop tension for
Grade 60 (4200 Kg/cm2) reinforcing steel as is 1400 Kg/cm2
(fy/3).

Wall Thickness
Typically, in the design of reinforced concrete members, the tensile
strength of concrete is ignored.
Any significant cracking in a liquid containing tank is unacceptable.
For this reason, it must be assured that the stress in the concrete from
ring tension is kept at minimum to prevent excessive cracking.
Neither ACI 350 or ACI 318 provide guidelines for the tension
carrying capacity for this condition.
The allowable tensile strength of concrete is usually between 7% an
12% of the compressive strength. A value of 10% c the concrete
strength will be used here.
According to ACI 350, reinforced cast in place concrete walls 3 meter
high or taller, which are in contact with liquid, shall have a minimum
thickness of 30 cm.

3
shrinkage will shorten the 1-unit long block a
distance of εsh, which denotes the shrinkage per
unit length.
• The presence of the steel bar prevents some of the
shortening of the concrete εs < εsh
• The steel shortens a distance εs and accordingly is
subject to compressive stress fs, while concrete
will elongate a distance (εsh - εs ) and will subject
to tensile stress fct.

Reinforcement
The amount, size, and spacing of reinforcing bars has a great effect
on the extent of cracking. The amount of reinforcement provided must
be sufficient for
strength and serviceability including temperature and shrinkage
effects. The designer should provide proper details to ensure that
cracking
will occur at joints and that joints are properly leak proofed. The size
of reinforcing bars should be chosen recognizing that
cracking can be better controlled by using a larger number of small
diameter bars rather than fewer larger diameter bars. Spacing of
reinforcing bars should be limited to a maximum of 30
cm.
Minimum concrete cover for reinforcement in the tank
wall should be at least 5cm. The wall thickness should be sufficient to
keep the
concrete from cracking. If the concrete does crack, the
ring steel must be able to carry all the ring tension alone. In circular
tanks, the location of horizontal splices should
be staggered. Splices should be staggered horizontally by
not less than one lap length or 90 cm and should not
coincide in vertical arrays more frequently than every
third bar.

4
5
6
Types of Wall Joints
Free Joint (Sliding joint)

Fixed Joint (Continuous joint)

Hinged Joint

7
General Notes about Types of Wall Joints:

For the sliding bottom edge, water pressure is fully resisted


by ring action without developing any bending moment or
shear.
For the hinged bottom edge, ring tension and maximum
moment take place at the middle part of the wall.
For the fixed bottom edge, the water pressure will be resisted
by ring action in the horizontal direction and cantilever action
in the vertical direction. The maximum ring and maximum
positive moment will be smaller than for the hinged bottom
edge, while relatively large negative moment will be induced
at the fixed bottom edge of the wall.
In practice, it would be rare that the base would be fixed
against rotation and such an assumption could lead to an
improperly designed wall. It is more reasonable to
assume that the base is hinged rather than fixed, which
results in a more conservative design. For walls monolithically cast
with the floor it is
recommended to design the section at foot of the wall for
max. negative moment from the total fixation
assumption and max. positive moment and ring tension
from the hinged base assumption.

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