PROCESS CHART FOR GRILLAGE & SEAFASTENING DESIGN

INPUT

FORCE CALCULATION

FORCE DISTRIBUTION

SEAFASTENING DESIGN

GRILLAGE DESIGN

ACCESSORIES
 

INPUTS (from workpackage)

 General Information
Weight & c.o.g information.
Material information.
Allowable stresses
Computer program used
Drawings (client drawing)

 Appendices
Weight & C.O.G of module.
Barge information
Transportation layout.
Load distribution.
Cargo on barge.

 References & literature

o Seakeeping analysis
o Structural analysis report.
o Weight control report.
o AISC “ASD manual of steel Construction”
o ANSI/AWS D1.1 “Structural Welding Code”
o API RP 2A-WSD “Working Stress Design”
o BLODGELT,OW “Design of Welded Structure”
 

FORCE CALCULATION

  Depending upon the client requirements any of the  following

methods can be used.

 Noble Denton crirteria

 John Brown method.
 Sea keeping analysis.(etc)

 
 

NOBLE DENTON CRITERIA

It is used for smaller cargo transported on barge. No complicated structure is

used in this criteria.
 

TRANSPORTATION FORCES
The spreadsheet 'TRANSPORTATION FORCES' calculates the static and dynamic
transportation forces and accelerations. Parameters to be entered are transportation
criteria, cargo specifications and barge or ship information. Input and output of the
spreadsheet are consistent with the Bartran axis system. Angles and moments,
however, are according to the Right Hand Rule!

Transportation criteria

Input:
The single amplitude angle for roll, θ  roll  in degrees.
The full cycle period for roll, T roll  in seconds.
The single amplitude for pitch, θ   pitch in degrees.
The full cycle period for pitch, T  pitch in seconds.
The single amplitude for heave, Aheave in meters.
The full cycle period for heave, T heave in meters.

The spreadsheet will automatically detect the Noble Denton criteria ('General guidelines
for marine transportations' 0014/NDI/JR - dec. 1986, section 5.2.1) and will prompt so on
the sheet.
 Noble Denton Criteria are:
Single amplitude
(10 sec full cycle period)
Type Roll Pitch Heave
Small 25° 15° 5m
barges
Larger 20° 12.5° 5m
barges
Small 30° 15° 5m
vessels
 Note that the 5 m heave at a 10 sec. cycle period accounts for a vertical accelerations of
0.2 g.
 

Cargo specifications

A suitable name for the cargo can be entered for reference purposes.

Input:
The weight of the cargo, W  in kN.
The mass moment of inertia about the roll axis, M o I  x in Tm2.
The mass moment of inertia about the pitch axis, M o I  y in Tm2.
The x - co-ordinate of the cargo centre of gravity, xCoG in m.
The y - co-ordinate of the cargo centre of gravity, yCoG in m.
The z - co-ordinate of the cargo centre of gravity, z CoG in m.

 Barge / ship information

The name or description of the barge / ship can be entered for reference purposes.

Input:
The x - co-ordinate of the centre of rotation, xCoR in m. (Usually xCoR  is a few meter
shorter than half the barge length)
The centre of rotation is on the waterlevel: z CoR = meandraft in m.
  Note that by default the centre of rotation in y - direction is at half breadth of the
 barge.

Transportation forces and accelerations

The calculated transportation forces and accelerations are a combination of dynamic

forces and static forces on the centre of gravity of the cargo. The spreadsheet calculates
the vertical force, the horizontal force, the moments and the heave in the centre of gravity
of the cargo. These forces and moment are calculated for roll to starboard and portside,
and pitch to stern and bow. Note: the output forces are exerted by the module on the
barge, their workpoint is the module C.o.G . An example is given below for roll to
starboard, roll to portside and pitch are calculated in a similar fashion. Shown is the stern
of a barge with cargo:
 

 Roll 
Static forces:  F ν  , static    =
  −
 W 
  * cos( θ  
roll  ) kN
 F h , static      
=− W  * sin( θ  roll  )  kN
 
W   
    2π      
2

Dynamic forces:  F v ,dynamic = *  y CoG * θ  roll 

*     
   kN
9.81   T roll     
   
W   
    2π      
2


* ( z CoG − z CoR ) * −θ  roll  *   
 F h ,dynamic =
9.81   T        kN
    roll     
    2π     
2

 M roll  =  M o I  x * θ roll  * 

 T   
 
    kNm
   roll   
   
W      
2
  2π    
 H roll  = *  Aheave *    
 
  kN
9.81    heave    
T 
   

Combined forces:  F v , SB  F  

=   v , static + F v , dynamic  kN
 F h , SB =  F   , static
 h + F h , dynamic  kN

 Pitch

Below the forces acting at a module, and exerted on the barge, are shown for pitch to
 bow:

Static forces:  F v , static   =

  − W 
  * cos( θ  pitch )  kN
 F h , static  =  W   * sin( θ  pitch )  kN
 

    2π      
2

 F v ,dynamic =
W   
− x CoR ) * −θ   pitch * 
* ( x CoG     kN
Dynamic forces:    
9.81   T     
   pitch

    π      
2

= W  * ( z CoG − z CoR ) * θ   pitch *  2    

 
   F h ,dynamic   kN
9.81 T   
     pitch    
    2π  
2
   
 M  pitch = M o I  y * θ   pitch
 
*
 T  pitch
    kNm
   
     
W        2π  
2
   
 H  pitch = *  Aheave *
 T     
    kN
9.81    heave    
 

Combined forces:  F v , stern  F 

 
=   v , static + F v , dynamic  kN
 F h , stern  F 
 
=   h , static + F h , dynamic  kN
 

Example on Noble Denton Criteria:

INPUT

 Transportation criteria  

Roll 20 deg single amplitude

10 s full cycle period

Pitch 50 deg single amplitude

12.5 s full cycle period

Heave 5 m single amplitude

10 s full cycle period

Cargo Specification  

= 24623.1 kN
Mass Moment of inertia about roll
axis MoIx = 226992.7 T-m^2
Mass Moment of inertia about roll
axis MoIy = 578363.4 T-m^2
X coordinate (from stern) = 25.631 m
Y coordinate(from center line) = 1.715 m
Z coordinate (from bottom barge) = 13.45 m
 

Barge Information  

X coordinate from center of

rotation = 61 m
Mean draft of barge = 3.8 m
 
 

OUTPUT

CALCULATION OF FORCES AND

ACCELARATIONS
  Fv -22558.586 KN
roll to star board Fh -11686.965 KN
  moment 31233.328 KN-M
  heave(+-) 4855.4783 KN
 
Fv -23720.685 KN
roll to port side Fh 11686.965 KN
  moment -31233.328 KN-M
  heave(+-) 4855.4783 KN
 
Fv -35008.848 KN
Pitch to Stern Fh -24086.526 KN
  moment -127328.96 KN-M
  heave (+-) 4855.4783 KN
 
Fv 3337.3147 KN
Pitch to Bow Fh 24086.526 KN
  moment 127328.96 KN-M
  Heave(+-) 4855.4783 KN
 

JOHN BROWN METHOD

This is the preliminary method to calculate accelerations and forces when

the time period and angular displacements are given.
 

EXAMPLE:-

INPUT DATA
Transportation criteria
roll = 40 deg single amplitude
10 s full cycle period

pitch = 12.5 deg single amplitude

10 s full cycle period

heave = 5 m single amplitude

10 s full cycle period

Cargo Specification
Weight = 24623.1 kN
Mass Moment of inertia about roll axis MoIx = 226992.7 T-m^2
Mass Moment of inertia about roll axis MoIy = 578363.4 T-m^2
X coordinate (from stern) = 25.631 m
Y coordinate (from center line) = 1.715 m
Z coordinate (from bottom barge) = 13.45 m

Barge Information

X coordinate from center of rotation = 61 m

Mean draft of barge = 3.8 m
 

OUTPUT

CALCULATION OF FORCES AND ACCELARATIONS

roll to star board Fv -21977.5 kN

Fh -22359.7 kN
moment 62466.66 kN-m
heave(+/-) 4855.478 kN
kN
roll to port side Fv -24301.7 Kn
Fh 22359.67 kN
moment -62466.7 kN-m
heave(+/-) 4855.478 kN
kN
Pitch to Stern Fv -31529.5 Kn
Fh -7370.17 kN
moment -49737.9 kN-m
heave(+/-) 4855.478 kN
kN
Pitch to Bow Fv -16550.5 Kn
Fh 7370.17 kN
moment 49737.88 kN-m
heave(+/-) 4855.478 kN
 

SEAKEEPING ANALYSIS

It is used when contractually required and/or for more complicated structure.

 

Output from seakeeping analysis:-

1. HYDROSTATIC ANALYSIS- in this c.o.g information of barge and

module will come with their stability criteria.
2. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS –  in this motion and accelerations will come.
 
This will give the input for force calculation.
 

Coordinate system for seakeeping analysis

 

C.O.G INFORMATION :-
 

FORCE DISTRIBUTION

 Static force
o Due to weight of the module.
 Dynamic force
o Due to heave.
o Due to roll.
o Due to pitch.
 Distribution of roll force on roll
 braces.
 Distribution of pitch force on pitch
 braces.
 

In case of force distribution following points will be followed:-

1. First we find the percentage distribution of forces on supports by

using either of following softwares-
• SACS
• MOSES
• SEASAM
2. Then we distribute the static & dynamic forces on supports.
3. We design grillage & sea fasteners according to maximum reaction
and maximum Bending moment.
 
 

Example of weight distribution by using SACS software-

 

SACS Model output file-

 

Position of GU pile on Barge for SACS Model (drawing-1)-

 

According to the weight percentage we distribute the forces on support:-

Distribution of vertical forces:-

1. Vertical support reaction=(Percentage distribution of

forces at support* weight of module)
2. Heave forces=(Percentage distribution of forces at support* weight
of module)
3. Vertical force due to roll moment=(Percentage sharing of support
roll moment * Total moment *
Distance from center of support
in)/(second moment of area of
support)
4. Vertical force due to pitch moment=( percentage sharing of support in
 pitch moment)*(total
moment)/(distance between
supports).

Due to pure roll (Wave heading 900 /270 )

0

Summary of total support reactions

• Maximum vertical force = vertical force +heave force + roll
couple.
• Minimum vertical force=vertical force – heave force - roll
couple.

0 0
Due to pure pitch (Wave heading 0  /180 )

Summary of total support reaction

• Maximum vertical force = vertical force + heave force + pitch
couple
• Minimum vertical force = vertical force- heave force - pitch couple

0 0 0 0
Due to Quartering sea (Wave heading 45 /135 /225 /315 )

Summary of total support reaction

• Maximum vertical force = vertical force + heave force + pitch
couple + roll couple
• Minimum vertical force = vertical force- heave force - pitch
couple - roll coupl
Distribution of horizontal forces:-
 

To prevent the horizontal movement we use roll braces and pitch braces.

1. when the number of rows of supports are two:

Brace force = (max horizontal force * distance from c.o.g)/ (distance between row
* number of braces in that row)

For Ex:-

kN
 

2. when the number of rows of supports are more than two:

 

 For more than two rows we use BOUTEN STELLING formulae.

  Brace force = ((Total moment * distance of row from c.o.s)/ (second moment of
area of support)) + (Maximum horizontal force/number of rows)
 

SEAFASTENING DESIGN

 Pitch Braces
o Tubular brace

o Gusset plate

o Additional strengthening plate

Roll Braces
o Tubular brace

o Gusset plate

o Additional strengthening plate

  CHECK WELD B/W:

o Brace & Gusset plate.
o Gusset plate &Barge deck.
o Under deck weld

GRILLAGE DESIGN

 Design of Grillage arrangement.

o According to hard points on barge & their capacities.
Design of Grillage cross section
According to maximum bending moment & max. shear force.
Joint check b/w grillage & leg pot support as per AISC code
o Web local yielding
o Web crippling
o Web compression buckling
o Web sideways buckling.
Shear check in web.
Local Check 
Flange bending
 

ACCESSORIES

Depending on design requirement.

Wing plate
Shear plate
 Saddle
 Shim plate
 Uplift bracket
 Setup cans
 Skid shoes
 Wood skid beams
 Load spreader beams
 Stoppers
 Barge capacity check 
 Trailors arrangement etc.