Vocabulary

Entertainment Speech. It is a speech designed to captivate an audience’s attention and

regale or amuse them while delivering a message (Creative Common, 2012).

Extemporaneous. “Extemp” is defined as an Informative or Persuasive Speech which has

not been prepared prior to the day of contest, though considerable preparation goes into gathering
files and general knowledge before a tournament happens (UIL Informative and Persuasive
Speaking Handbook, n.d.).

Impromptu Speech. It is a mode of speech, generally modelled around a speech and

debate event, where participants get a time-frame of eight minutes to deliver a speech on a given
topic, with a characteristically short time of preparation, ranging between one and three minutes
(Tutorials Point, 2016).

Informative Speech. It is given for the purpose of providing information about a topic to
the audience (SoftSchools, 2019).

Manuscript Speech. It is a written text read to an audience from a paper script or

teleprompter and involves reading a speech verbatim and is typically used when there is a time
constraint or the speech will be telecast (Beebe & Mottet, 2010).

Memorized Speech. A memorized speech is a speech that is recited from memory rather
than read from cue cards or using the assistance of notes (Reference, n.d.).

Persuasive Speech. It is given for the purpose of persuading the audience to feel a
certain way, to take a certain action, or to support a specific view or cause (SoftSchools, 2019).

Discussion
Types of Speeches

A. According to Purpose
People engage in different conversation for different reasons. It might be to inform, to
persuade or convince, to entertain, to inspire, or to introduce a new topic.
1. Informative Speech
The purpose of this speech is to impart new knowledge or in-depth information on a
certain topic.
Types of Informative Speech
a. Speeches about objects
It deals with anything you can see, feel, hear, taste, or smell. These speeches deal
with particular items in our physical world.
 Example General Topics:
Pres. Rodrigo Tesla
Elephants Guitar
Mangroves Statue of Rizal
Computers The Human Brain

- My purpose is to inform my audience about the major accomplishments of the

Duterte’s administration.
- My purpose is to inform my audience about good computers suitable for
students.
- My purpose is to inform my audience about the importance of mangroves to
land building.

b. Speeches about events

An informative speech about an event may be about anything that either has
happened or is happening, or that is regarded as happening.
Example General Topics:

Traffic jam Masskara Festival

Intramurals Typhoon Yolanda
- My purpose is to inform my audience about the traffic jam in Lacson street
every morning.
- My purpose is to inform my audience about the upcoming festival this October.

c. Speeches about processes

A process is a series of related series of events that lead to a specific result or
product.
- My purpose is to inform my audience about how to solve a mathematical
problem.

d. Speeches about concepts

These are more abstract in concept than those about objects, events, or processes.
It includes theories, ideas, beliefs, and principles.
- My purpose is to inform my audience about principles of speech delivery.

Sample Speech to Inform

Stages of Grief - In the Context of Moving-on from a Romantic Relationship

By Mico D. Sadorra
 Have you ever been in a serious romantic relationship that ended sourly? If yes,
you have also probably gone to the phase of getting over the person you were with.
Regardless of age, personality, educational attainment, and religious belief, people mourn
when something tragic happens to them. Individuals may just have different ways and
timetable on how they will be back to their happy selves, but, there is a common
denominator on the stages they will go through. Persons in this situation may not notice
this universal factor but when taken closely, there is a general pattern of emotions with the
people moving on.
According to psychologists, grief is the feeling someone experiences when he loses
someone or something important to him. It is also considered as an overwhelming emotion
of a person which causes him deep sorrow. With this definition, we can conclude that
individuals whose relationships stopped in a bad note are very much prone to grief.
Among the stages of grief, the first phase is denial. This is when the individual feels
that the bond between him and his loved one is not yet over. In this phase, it is possible
that one or both parties may still communicate and talk about their separation over and
over. If it is the man who broke up with the woman, she is prone to asking the man several
times on why he decided to end what they have. If no communication is made at this stage,
the couple may feel that nothing awful happened between them. They may not cry nor
react negatively in their state. Another potential reaction is to feel okay and maybe to sense
that they have already moved-on.

The second stage is anger. One famous cause of broken relationships is betrayal. If
this is the root of the problem, this is the time when the victim will feel mad to his partner.
If the people involved were just casualties of situations and their personality differences,
they are expected to hate themselves. They could think that it was their fault why their
love ended and that they did not do anything good in their situation. Some may go extreme
by hating men or women and even the world they are in. They may think that life is unfair.

After this stage, bargaining would come in. This is considered as the weakest part
of heartache. One may seek rescue from friends, legal affairs, or even from the people they
were with. Since the persons involved are extra vulnerable at this phase, they would have
a lot of questions on why it occurred and why it happened to them. There are also a lot of
“ifs” in this leg, such as, “If only I was prettier..”, “If only I had a stable work and was able
to provide…” “If only his mother liked me…”, etc.

The second to the last stage is depression. This is when sadness and regret comes
in. Women possibly will choose not to go out and socialize and men may turn to alcohol.
Aside from this, people involved may perhaps feel tired and sickly. They could once again
cry and get stressed over little things. However, since this is a familiar feeling and people
know that the opposite of sadness is happiness, those who are in this stage easily find ways
on how they can be joyful again.

The last stage of grief is acceptance. Do not get fooled because acceptance may
not mean cheerfulness. This may simply mean that the persons involved are contented and
 at peace with their situation. They no longer feel a strong negative emotion. This last stage
is also considered as the time when calmness is welcomed and withdrawal from habits
brought about by depression is started.

In this world, it is typical for people to fall in love, be committed and get married.
At the same time, it is also normal for them to get hurt, fall out of love, and leave the person
they were with. Among all the natural occurrences in relationships, moving on is a part of
it. Some may be ready to have relationships again in 2 weeks, some will wait it out more,
and maybe some would even just accept what happened and never commit themselves in
relationships again. In the midst of all this, it is good to know that no matter how negative
we feel about ourselves, our lost love and our personal space – every bit of it is normal. It
is expected and perhaps it is even a must.

2. Persuasive Speech

It is a discourse designed to move people to do or not to do. It is structured to arouse

favor for or against a person, policy or plan (Dapat, Sadorra, & Lumabi, 2016).

Types of Persuasive Speech

a. Factual Persuasive Speech

This persuasive speech is based on the question, “Is it true?”. This type of
speech determines whether or not a particular issue can be considered as true and is
backed up by concrete evidences.

b. Valuable Persuasive Speech

This speech one argues whether or not something is right, moral, or ethical.

c. Policy Persuasive Speech

This speech is given to convince an audience to either support or reject a
dogma, rule, regulation or even a program.

d. Speech to Convince
Its main goal is to establish conviction.

e. Speech to Actuate
This speech is designed to influence listener’s behavior.

f. Speech to Inspire
This speech tries to change how the listeners feel.
Sample Speech to Persuade

"I HAVE A DREAM ..."

(Copyright 1963, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.)

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest
demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great
American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation
Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of
Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous
daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro
still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the
manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society
and finds himself an exile in his own land. So, we have come here today to dramatize a
shameful condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When
the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the
Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every
American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as
white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as
her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has
given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient
funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe
that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So, we
have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom
and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of
the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take
the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of
democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the
sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial
injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all
of God's children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment.
This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an
invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a
beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be
content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be
neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The
whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright
day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on
the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our
rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst
for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.
We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and
again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The
marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a
distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence
here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have
come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk
alone. As we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot
turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be
satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable
horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied, as long as our bodies, heavy with the
fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the
cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto
to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their
selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only". We cannot be
satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes
he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied
until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not
unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of
you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your
quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds
of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with
the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.

Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to

Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities,
knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the
valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of
today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American
dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of
its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." I have a
dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of
former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a
dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of
injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of
freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious
racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and
nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able
to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today.

 I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain
shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be
made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will
be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be
able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle
together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be
free one day. This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a
new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where
my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring."

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring
from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty
mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of
Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom
ring from the curvaceous slopes of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from
Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let
freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let
freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring
from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to
speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles,
Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro
spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"

3. Entertainment Speech

This is a speech that makes a viewpoint through the creative, organized use of the
speaker’s wit. Its primary goal is not to inform or persuade, but to create an amusement. Sense
of humor should be the asset of the speaker.

Difference Makes the World

Jean Lin

My dear friends, do you like traveling? Why do you like to travel? Is it the scenic
beauty that takes you around? Is it because you like to meet new people and enjoy the new
culture? You might think it is fun to open yourself to the new experience. But however,
cultural difference could be a big trouble to a traveler in one way or another.

One day, one of my friends talked to me on the phone in panic. “Jean, you've got
to help me. That “Bill” from America came to visit Taiwan again. He rang my door bell
and came up to my apartment asking if he could sleep in my house. How can I let a stranger
sleep in my house? I am so shocked and don't know what to do. You have to do something
for me.” After picking up the phone, I took turns talking with Ellen and Bill. It took me a
while to get things straight. It is “cultural blindness” that invites the trouble. Ellen and Bill
met last year in City Swimming Pool. During Bill's short stay in Pingtung, they saw each
other in the pool every morning and they became friends in spite of the language barrier.
In other words, they enjoyed the pleasant encounter. The day before John's departure, Ellen
bought a farewell dinner for Bill.

In order to show her hospitality, Ellen said to Bill, “ Bill, welcome back to Taiwan
again. My house is your house….. ”. In less than three months, Bill came back again and
came to Ellen asking for the permission to stay with Ellen in her apartment. He was very,
very confused with Ellen's negative reply. He kept asking me, “….but she said,” ‘My house
is your house' , and then WHY????”

Speaking of cultural difference, the tensions about time are another point. That is,
time-consciousness is different from culture to culture and even from person to person. Let
me ask you a question. When you wait for a friend, how long of his or her delay will cause
your anxiety or even a feeling of hostile? Five minutes? Ten minutes?

Half an hour? One hour? As I know, Americans and Germans are more
timeoriented.

This means they have a very short time-fuse and experience anxiety when there is
a delay of five or more minutes. You'd better know this when you are ready to meet your
foreign friends. In Taiwan, how long will you wait in a wedding feast for the first dish
served. How long are you supposed to wait? Half an hour? One hour? Even longer? If you
invite your western friend to attend a wedding feast, you'd better let him know “Taiwanese
Time” before they are starved.

You might read the news about the cultural difference in the newspaper from time
to time. A group of legislators from Taiwan were tongue-lashed badly when they came
back home after paying a visit to Europe. One evening, they were invited to a dinner. By
the way, when is your dinner time? But generally speaking, European people have late
supper. It could be 8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, or even later. Those Taiwanese lawmakers arrived
at the restaurant early in the evening. They waited and waited till they found they couldn't
stand any more for their hunger. They ordered their meals and started to dig in. This
behavior embarrassed the host. Unfortunately, they were criticized as a group of the rude
guests because of their cultural blindness.

I had the same experience when I was once in England. I was invited to my friend's
parents' for dinner. During my long wait, I had to inhale and exhale the air to stop my
stomach from growling. Out of my expectation, the dinner lasted so long that I almost felt
asleep at table. How embarrassing it was!

Besides, tensions regarding space are also varied from place to place. Taiwanese
people like to cluster together while westerners like to have their own privacy. For
example, western people need more space when they are standing in a line , so stay a little
bit away from the one ahead of you when you are standing in a queue though little space
does not bother us too much in Taiwan.
 However, it is the difference that makes the world. It is the cultural difference that
makes traveling ever-learning and interesting. The better you know this, the more
enjoyable your trip is.

Activity

Video clip showing (informative, persuasive and entertainment speeches)

Diections: work with a pair (ask help from any of your family member) and answer the following
questions:
1. What were the topics of the speech?
2. Did the speech/speaker achieve the purpose of informing the audience?
3. How did the Speaker organize the presentation of the topic?
4. What were the supporting materials used by the speaker in the speech?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x32tfY7JXRU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NZKuWtl2kk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMXCvLJkZwo

B. According to Delivery

1. Manuscript Speech

Manuscript Speaking is a written text read to an audience from a paper script or

teleprompter. This method involves reading a speech verbatim and is typically used when there
is a time constraint or the speech will be telecast (Beebe, & Mottet, 2010).

Strategies in Organizing and Delivering the Manuscript Speech

(P. J. F. Sipacio & Balgos, 2016)
a. Practice! Practice delivering the speech several times. Mark the text. Even if it’s a
manuscript, know the speech by heart. Only if you do these can you keep frequent
eye contact with the audience.
b. Adapt! Even if you have a manuscript, feel free to modify the text when the
situation demands it. If you observe that your audience is bored, you may use
shorter yet more vigorous words. If your audience is impatient, add words of strong
motivational power. If your audience is anxious, share personal anecdotes to lighten
the mood.

Tips in Using the Manuscript Method

a. Prepare! Keep your text easy to use by neatly composing it in triple space.
 b. Mark! Own your manuscript by highlighting key words and phrases. This way you
will be guided during the speech delivery.
c. Practice! You can make a lot of notes on the draft of your manuscript during the
first few rehearsals, but make sure to reprint your script, especially if you make too
many changes.
d. Practice some more! Read the text over and over orally. This will help you avoid
mispronounced words, faulty starts, and wrong pauses. As you practice, vary the
volume, rate, and pitch of your voice during appropriate points in the speech.
e. Concentrate! Concentrate on keeping eye contact, but do not stare at only one
section of the audience. It is best if you familiarize yourself with the most important
parts of your speech. If you do this, you will be more confident in looking at your
audience during the key points of the speech.
f. Act it out! Use a lectern or a podium when practicing the speech. If you can find
one before the actual speech delivery, practice using it so that you will be used to
laying your notes flat on the podium and looking at them once in a while.

2. Memorized Speech
Memorized speeches are speeches that are committed to memory. The speaker
completely memorizes the text of a speech and then delivers the speech from memory without
reliance on notes or an outline. This is a very fearful speaking situation for most people because
they fear they will forget what they had planned on saying when they get in front of the group
– and, they might make a fool of themselves in front of the audience if they forget what to say.
This type of speaking is not very common to daily living unless you are in a profession like
acting. Unfortunately, public speaking tends to get a bad rap because some junior high and
high school teachers require students to memorize speeches which can lead to some bad
experiences in front of an audience for a student (Boyenga, n.d.) .

Tips in Memorizing a Speech

a. Break it down! You cannot memorize a speech in one sitting. If your speech has four
paragraphs, you should focus on one paragraph at a time. Once you have memorized the
first paragraph, focus on the next one.
b. Build it up! After memorizing the speech in snippets, you need to put them together. Recite
the first paragraph and move on to the second. After this, recite the first and second
paragraphs and move on to the third. The next thing you know, you have completed your
speech.
c. Speak out! Do not memorize the speech silently. When you recite your speech over and
over while memorizing it, your brain multitasks and aids your memory retention.
d. Identify keys! Identify a key point in every paragraph. Even if you miss out some of the
words in the actual speech delivery, you can easily expound on the key points.
e. Have a break! After memorizing some parts of your speech, take a break for some hours or
for a day. After this, recite the speech again. This will test how well you can recall what you
think you have memorized.
f. Record and listen! Record yourself delivering the speech and listen to it over and over again.
Like a song, the speech will get stuck in your head.
g. Use note cards! Write one key point on one note card. Bring these note cards wherever you
go and take them out whenever you have extra time to memorize, especially during idle
times of the day.

3. Impromptu Speech

Impromptu speaking is a mode of speech, generally modelled around a speech and

debate event, where participants get a time-frame of eight minutes to deliver a speech on a
given topic, with a characteristically short time of preparation, ranging between one and three
minutes (Tutorials Point, 2016).
Some Useful Tips in Effective Impromptu Speech Delivery
Before the speech
a. Smile.
b. Relax by thinking about positive things. Keep telling yourself, “I am a brilliant
speaker. I will nail this presentation.”
c. Identify your purpose. Is it to inform, to entertain, to welcome, to congratulate, to
apologize, or to give birthday greetings?
d. Think of one big word that can serve as your main point. If you think you have
enough, think of the rule of three.
e. Start outlining in your head. Focus on what to say first. Be reminded that your first
few words are crucial, so make them strong, powerful and catchy.
During the speech
a. When you are called, keep composed. Walk slowly to the lectern or the center
stage.
b. Shake hands with the one who introduced you, if necessary.
c. As you stand to deliver, establish eye contact, and begin right away with your
opening statements. Part of your opening is greeting your audience.
d. From your initial idea to the next, use appropriate transitional devices.
e. Observe appropriate and effective nonverbal cues.
f. Observe time limit. Remember, you barely have five minutes to say something.
After the speech
a. Say thank you.
b. Return to your place comfortably.

4. Extemporaneous
 “Extemp” is defined as an Informative or Persuasive Speech which has not been
prepared prior to the day of contest, though considerable preparation goes into gathering
files and general knowledge before a tournament happens (UIL Informative and Persuasive
Speaking Handbook, n.d.). Every extemporaneous speech requires an element of
exposition, during which you explain the context of the question and provide the necessary
background information for your audience to understand your arguments (Bailey, 2013).
An extemporaneous speech is a planned and prepared speech. Unlike memorized
or manuscript speeches which are delivered word-for-word, an extemporaneous speech is
delivered with the help of short notes and a clear outline ( Sipacio & Balgos, 2016).

Three Steps in Studying your Extemporaneous Topic

a. Identify the type of extemporaneous question that you have to answer.
Is it a question of fact?
This type of question is typically answerable by “Yes” or “No.” It revolves
around whether something is true or not, existent or not.

Example:
Is Syria’s crisis a problem of the whole world?

Is it a question of value?
It is centered on whether a topic is good or bad, moral or immoral, just or
unjust.

Example:
Is it better for the European nations to step in and aid Syria or ignore the
country’s civil crisis?

Is it a question of policy?
It is focused on what policy or rule should be followed.
Example:
Should European countries enforce laws to accommodate Syrian refugees?

b. Determine the purpose appropriate to your topic.

c. Stick to your topic and look at all of the sides and angles of the problem.

Steps in Preparing for a Successful Extemporaneous Speech (Sipacio & Balgos,

2016)
 a. Reinforce! You may explore other main points, but always refer back to your thesis.
This will greatly help your audience remember your message.

b. Capture! State the central idea of your extemporaneous speech in one declarative
sentence. Keep your sentence specific. Ask yourself what you want your audience
to know exactly.

c. Develop! Now that you have a clear central idea, you are ready to map out the
supporting points in an outline.

d. Introduce! In the introduction, make sure you: grab the attention of the audience
with a striking one-liner. Give a short background by explaining why they have to
listen. State your thesis.

e. Check! Develop at least three main points and check each of them with these
questions:
Does each point have one single idea? Does each point reiterate the thesis
statement? Does each point prepare the discussion of the next main point?

f. Supply! Make sure that each main point has enough examples, testimonies,
statistics, or cases. In doing this, you give the audience new information or views
to learn from.

g. Conclude! Reinforce your introduction by coming up with a closing attention-getter

that is related to your opening. Connect the needs and interest of your audience with
the theme of your speech.

h. Restate your thesis or review your main points.

Principles of Speech Delivery

An effective speech delivery does not only deal with the content and organization but more
on the manner of delivery. Effective speech delivery can transform a weak manuscript and make
it sound strong. On the other hand, a poor delivery makes a good manuscript become a badly-
written one.
1. Articulation

It refers to how well you pronounce the words which includes the proper production and
formation of the vowel and consonant sounds. The people who suffer stage fright commit the
mistake of deletion, addition, adding extra parts towards slurring. Perfect articulation is a must for
any public speaker.

2. Modulation
 Modulation in public speaking is the next progression from using the speaker skill sense
stress. In addition to stressing certain words, the adjustment of pace, pitch, power, and volume are
all incorporated into a skill of modulating your speech. To avoid monotony, one must vary the
modulation during the delivery.

3. Audience rapport

Building rapport is defined as engaging with the audience and connecting with them. Have
eye contact, speak naturally, and relate with the audience.

4. Stage Presence

It involves speaker’s appearance, projection, and manner on the stage.

This also tells how well a person presents himself in front of the audience. To procure stage
presence, the speaker ought to talk confidently and deliver the speech wholeheartedly. Stage
presence is achieved through the speaker’s charisma, confidence and credibility.

5. Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements

Non-verbal cues are important in a speech delivery. You have to make your facial
expression, gestures, and movement support and reinforce your message.

Display of appropriate facial expressions helps you to support your message. It enables the
listeners to be connected with the idea in your speech. You can show facial expressions in
emphasizing an emotion.

For example, widening your mouth and eyes to show disbelief, frowning to show rejection
of an idea, crooked smile and raised eyebrows to show anger, etc.

Just like facial expressions, gestures help strengthen your intended message. The listeners
are able to connect what they see and hear.

Movements or stance refers to purposeful movement on stage during the speech delivery.
One must not only stay in one place or move around too much. You have to use movement or
stance during the introduction, body and conclusion.

Following are more techniques and tips to help you deliver your speech well:
a. Use a conversational style more often. This is the style that is more natural; it is the style
that you always use when you express yourself with your family and friends. Audience
members do not like the speaker to sound unnatural or exaggerated.
b. Look your audience members in the eye so they will feel that they are part of your speech.
Eye contact should be maintained to keep the attention of your audience and enhance your
delivery.
c. Remember to adjust your volume to the size of the audience and the venue. When
addressing a large audience, modulate your voice in such a way that you speak loudly
without sounding like shouting or yelling.
d. Vary your rate or speed to keep your audience interested and to avoid a monotone pattern.
The audience might get bored if you speak very slowly and they might get confused if you
speak very fast. Hence, your rate should be at an appropriate speed.
e. Master your voice and find your pitch level (high or low). If you have a high pitch level,
modulate or slightly move it down. If you have a low pitch level, modulate or slightly
move it up. Your performance will definitely be affected if you do not modulate.
f. Use pauses when you emphasize the most important words, phrases, or sentences. Your
pauses should not last for three seconds. Otherwise, it will result in dead air or a moment
of awkward silence.
g. Pronounce and enunciate words correctly. You will confuse the audience if you
mispronounce words, and it could distract them and affect your credibility.
h. Avoid fillers or expressions that substitute actual words in your speech because these
words are distracting. Examples of fillers are “like,” “um,” “ah,” “uh,” and “er.” To reduce
the use of these fillers, detect the instances when you use them: Do you generally use
fillers after each sentence, between different ideas, or whenever you make transitions?
Then, instead of using them the next time you deliver a speech, simply stop and pause.
i. Start your speech by standing straight and balancing your weight. This will give a positive
first impression.
j. Use precise movements. Avoid distracting mannerisms like swaying back and forth,
leaning on the podium, licking or biting your lips, playing with your wristwatch or
jewelry, scratching parts of your body, frowning, and others. Observe your mannerisms
and learn how to avoid them when speaking in public.
k. Avoid having a poker face or a highly animated face. These facial expressions appear
distracting and may even be annoying. Instead, follow the most highly suggested tip:
smile. However, make sure that the meaning of your speech reflects in your facial
expressions; do not smile if you are talking about something sad.
l. Dress properly and appropriately. Wearing the proper attire will make you look more
confident and professional. Make sure not to overdress, as this may distract your audience.
m. Observe ethics by coming prepared, being honest with your words, being polite, avoiding
offensive words and back-biting or talking negative things about other people, or copying
someone’s work without proper documentation.
n. Breathe in and out to relax before your speech. Most importantly, have fun.