Phy Edu Chapter 1 Xi

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THE INDO BRITISH SCHOOL

CLASS – XI
SUBJECT – PHY. EDU., CHAPTER 1

Q1. Define physical education and explain its aims and objectives in detail.
Ans- Meaning -The word “PHYSICAL EDUCATION” is the combination of two words
physical and education. Physical means “connected with the body”. This action associated with
one or all of the symptoms of the body. It can be physical strength, physical endurance, physical
appearance and physical health. The word Education which means a systematic guidance for
life or a particular task, such as training or preparation.
According to the American association of health, physical education and recreation (AAHPER)
“physical education is a way of education through physical activities which are selected and
carried on with regard to values of human growth, development and behaviour”
Definition - Following definitions clear the meaning of physical education to a great extent:
According to H.C. Buck, “Physical education is the part of general education programme
which is considered with growth, development and education of children through the medium
of big muscle activities. It is the education of whole child by means of physical activities.
Physical activities are the tools. They are so selected and conducted as to influence every child's
life physically, mentally, emotionally and morally. "
Charles A. Bucher defines physical education as, " An integral part of total education process
which has its aim -- the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit
citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to
realizing these outcomes. "According to Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and
Recreation, "Physical education is an education. It is the education through physical activities
for the development of the total personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in body,
mind and spirit."
Aims – The aim of the physical education must be to make every person physically, mentally
and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal and social qualities as well help
him to live happily with others and build him up a good citizen.
Objectives of physical education
1. Physical development: - Physical development is the foremost objective of physical
education. It includes strength, muscle tone, endurance, good posture and development of
good health habits. According to this objective, body should grow in a proper way. In fact,
it is the overall development of our organic system, such as circulatory system, nervous
system, respiratory system, digestive system etc. Physical fitness requires intake of good
food and proper amount of rest and sleep, but beyond these things, exercise of the body is
also essential. means possessing good health, teeth, hearing, eyesight, mental and physical
ability to handle the body well and the capacity to work hard over a long period without
decreasing efficiency.
2. Mental Development: -Physical education helps in developing mental level of a person.
Various physical activities not only require physical strength but also need alertness of
mind, deep concentration and precise movements. The study of physical education also
includes understanding of rules and regulations, techniques of the game, anatomical and
physiological studies, balanced diet etc. Thus, physical education improves the knowledge
of individual and enables him to face and solve new situations and problems. So, his mental
development takes place in many ways.
3. Social Development: - No individual can live alone in the society. Individual is the part of
society and he needs to follow the rules, regulations and laws of the society. Physical
education provides lot of opportunities for social development. During games, an
individual has to deal with players of his own team and rival team. He has to follow rules
of the game and instructions given by the coach, captain and referees. Thus, physical
education develops qualities of co-operation, togetherness, tolerance, leadership, self-
control, discipline etc.
4. Emotional Development: - Every individual has emotions like courage, truthfulness,
unselfishness, initiative, loyalty, co-operation, strength to face defeat or victory,
sportsmanship etc. Control on these emotions in normal conditions and under pressure is
very important. Physical education provides opportunities to develop these emotions and
teaches proper control over these emotions.
5. Neuro-Muscular Co-ordination: - Neuromuscular Co-ordination means the co-
ordination of brain and muscles. The development of neuro-muscular skills helps in
developing the ability to do various activities like running, jumping, throwing etc. It helps
in developing quick reflexes and leads to efficient and graceful movements with little
expenditure of energy. Physical education activities improve neuromuscular co-
ordination. Good co- ordination keeps away the fatigue and reaction time also improves.

Q2. Explain in detail the career options in physical education.


Ans- Traditionally, careers in physical education and sports have focused on teaching and
coaching in schools, colleges and universities. Today, teaching and coaching careers in non
school settings such community centres, health clubs, tennis or swimming clubs are
increasingly available. Interest in non-teaching careers is great as well. Many physical
education and sport professionals are pursuing careers in the fitness field, working in health
clubs or corporate fitness centres. Other professionals are employed in the areas of sport
management, sports medicine and sports media. The increased specialization within the fields
of physical education and sports have created additional career opportunities, i.e., bio
mechanists may work for sports goods companies–designing and testing sports equipment and
apparel such as shoes, clothes etc. Exercise physiologists may be employed in a corporate
fitness centre, hospital cardiac rehabilitation programme or a sports medicine clinic. Career
options in physical education and sports have expanded tremendously during the past 25 years.
The following career opportunities are available in the field of physical education:
1. Teaching Career in Physical Education: - For choosing teaching as a profession, one
must be well qualified with a certified bachelor's or master's degree/diploma in physical
education from a recognised university. One can become a teacher at Elementary School
level, Middle School level, High School and Senior Secondary School level and at the
College and University level.
2. Career in Physical Education: - Coaching career is also a traditional career in physical
education. There are a lot of job opportunities which are provided by government
organisations like Sports Authority of India (SAI), National Institute of Sports (NIS),
Universities, Schools, Colleges Coaches must be responsible enough to conduct practice
sessions, matches etc. etc. To become a coach, one should obtain: 1. A diploma course in
concerned game or sports. 2. Master of Sports (M.S.) degree is an additional qualification
for higher level of coaching. 3. One can also have a one-year National diploma in sports
from N.I.S & a six-week certificate Course.
3. Health Related Careers In Physical Education: - Nowadays, people have become very
health conscious. They want to be healthy & fit. Thus, the opportunities in the Health-
related careers have grown in the recent years. In the health-related careers one can open
up the health clubs, work as a fitness trainer, athletic trainer, yoga trainer, physiotherapist
etc. One can also enter into the field of sports medicines, sports nutrition, cardiac
rehabilitation etc.To choose this as career one must possess: 1. Certified diploma after 12th
class & good fitness abilities. 2. Diploma course in Sports Medicine. 3. D.Y.Ed. –Diploma
in Yoga Education.
4. Administration Related Careers: - Owing to increased sports participation & sports
related business, there is a need for individuals trained in sports management. For
administration related careers one can go for sports administration, management &
organisation, sports club management, community recreation management & health club
management. One can become the Director of Sports, Assistant Director of Sports, D.S.O
(District Sports Officer), A.E.O. (Sports) [Assistant Education Officer (sports)] etc. In India
there is no need for separate management qualifications for such post, because it is based
on seniority.
5. Performance Related Careers: - Performance related careers are also expanding in India.
These careers are as follows:
1. As Players: A large number of sportspersons participate at various levels such as inter
school or college level, district level competitions, state level competitions, national level
competitions & international level competitions etc.
2. As Officials: There are various officials who are concerned with tournament such as
referee/ umpire, timekeeper, recorder, scorer etc. The sportspersons can pursue the career as
an official for conducting or coaching in the concerned games.
3. As Recorders: One can also start his/her career as a recorder to maintain the record of any
sports event.
6. Careers in Communication Media: - A lot of career opportunities are also available in
the communication media i.e., television, radio, newspaper, magazines, marketing, selling,
event management etc. One can opt for the career in the following fields:
1. Sports Journalism for commentator: Today, newspapers & sports magazines need
professional people of sports to perform journalism. Those physical educators who have the
talent for writing may opt a career as the sports journalist. A large number of sports channels
like ESPN, Star Sports etc. need good commentators for various sports events. So, sportsmen
with good speaking skills and having knowledge about the concerned game can opt for this as
a career.
2. Sports Photography: physical educator also has a career opportunity in the field of sports
photography. A person having interest in photography can work with newspapers sports
magazines.
3. Book Writing: Career options are also available in book writing in the field of physical
education. A person having knowledge about sports bio mechanics, sports sociology, sports
medicine, exercise physiology, research methods, sports management etc. may write books.
This field requires interest as well writing skills.
4. Book Publishing: Publishers of books on sports & physical education need people who have
interest & knowledge about the various games, rules & regulations, games & players history
etc.
5. Sports Industry: A person can also make his career in sports industry by manufacturing
sports equipment, uniforms etc. Sports Marketing: A person having knowledge about sports &
games can also make his career in the field of marketing of various sports equipments. One can
work with various national as well as international sports companies for the sale & marketing
of their product.
Q3. Write in detail about the various competitions held at national and international level.
Ans- Sports and games are an integral part of human culture and social interactions. A number
of sports and games are played around the world. Some sporting events are organised at the
national level while some are at the international level. At the national level, a few competitions
common to almost all sports. Senior and Junior Nationals are organised by the respective
Federations; National School Games are organised by School Games Federation of India; and
the All India Inter University Championships are organised by the Association of Indian
Universities. Given below is a list of some important sports, and various national and
international competitions associated with them.
Sports National level International level
Athletics National games, national inter-state senior Olympic games, Asian games,
athletics championship, federation cup, commonwealth games, athletics world cup
national open championship
Badminton National games, Narang cup (junior men), Olympic games, Asian championship, world
shafi Qureshi cup (junior women), mayor’s championship, Syed modi championship,
cup wills world cup,
Basketball National basketball championship for men & Olympic games, FIBA world cup, FIBA 3 X
women, national junior inter state 3 world cup, FIBA Asia cup, euro league
championship, federation cup
Cricket Ranji trophy, duleep trophy, irani trophy, ICC world cup, Twenty 20 world cup, Asia
Indian premier league, vijay hazare trophy cup, champions trophy, net west trophy
Football Santosh trophy, Durand cup, I-League, IFA FIFA world cup, FIFA women’s world cup,
shield, Indian super cup Olympic games, Asian games
Hockey Rangaswami cup (women) Indira Gandhi Olympic games, world cup, champions
gold cup, federation cup (women), Beighton trophy, champions challenge,
cup, aga khan hockey tournament commonwealth games, hockey asia cup
Kabaddi Pro kabaddi league, national kabaddi Asian games, kabaddi world cup, SAF
championship, federation cup games
Kho-Kho Federation cup, Nehru gold cup, national kho- International kho-kho tournament
kho championship, Shivaji cup, inter-
university championship
Volleyball Men and women nations league, national Olympic games, Men and women world
games, federation cup, Indian volley league championship, world grand champions cup.
Q4. Discuss in detail about the structure of Khelo India Programme.
Ans- Khelo India Programme is a national yojana/scheme for the development of sports in
India. It was launched in the year 2018 by the Sports Minister Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
in Delhi. This program has been launched to improve the sports culture in India.
It is an initiative of the Government of India to strengthen the sports ecosystem by encouraging
mass participation and promotion of excellence. This programme has been introduced to revive
the sports culture in India at the grass-root level by building a strong framework for all sports
in India. It will provide a national level platform to the grass-root level talents.
Aimed at mainstreaming sports as a tool for national development, economic development,
community development and individual development, the Union Cabinet approved the
execution of the revamped ‘Khelo India’ program by consolidating the ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel
Abhiyan’ (formerly called the ‘Yuva Krida & Khel Abhiyan’), the ‘Urban Sports Infrastructure
Scheme’ and the National Sports Talent Search System Programme’. The program strives to
promote “Sports for Excellence” as well as “Sports for All”.
Objectives of Khelo India program
1. Play Field Development: This includes development of playfields at state and district levels
and preparation of a national inventory of playfield and sports infrastructure by GIS.
2. Community Coaching Development: This component is aimed at identifying, evolving and
training the various PETS as master trainees with online courses also being included. The
focus is on development of skill as well as a certification system for sports coaching.
3. State Level Khelo India Centres: The State level Khelo India Centres help in supporting
better utilization of the sports infrastructure in relation to the States/Union Territories through
MOUS.
4. Annual Sports Competitions: This component aims to provide a platform for spotting the
talent and providing development pathways for gifted and talented children to achieve sports
excellence. Under scheme, the Central Government organizes various National level
competitions namely; Khelo India National School Games and the Khelo India National
University Games (collectively called as Khelo India Youth Games), with regard to the high
priority sports disciplines such as Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Boxing, Basketball,
Cycling, Chess, Football, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Karate,
Swimming, Shooting, Tennis, Taekwondo, Table Tennis, Volleyball, Weightlifting, Wushu
and Wrestling at different places across the country.
5. Talent Search and Development: A talent identification committee is employed to spot and
identify talent with the help of globally accepted scientific methods. committee also selects
the prize winners for the Khelo India Scheme.
6. Utilization and Creation/ Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure: This component aims to
develop sports infrastructure at various schools and universities and demonstrate high
sporting potential. Special care is taken to ensure optimum utilization of these resources.
7. Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academies: This component helps to provide
resources under Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode for expediting and implementing the
Long-Term Athlete Development programme.
8. Physical Fitness of School-going Children: This component helps to encourage an increase
in the penetration of sports in the education curriculum. Under this scheme, a tool kit will be
developed to measure the physical fitness levels of children.
9. Sports for Women: This component aims to conduct annual national competitions,
especially for women, with an emphasis on the sports which have a limited participation of
women.
10. Promotion of Sports among persons with disabilities: This component aims to provide
financial assistance to States and Union Territories as well as the Sports Authority of India
for the creation of specialized sports infrastructure for persons with disabilities.
11. Sports for Peace and Development: The Government of India provides funds of up to 200
crores for enhancement of sports facilities in the State of J&K under the special package given
to the state. Soft support through coaches, consumables, equipment, and technical support is
also provided.
12. Promotion of rural and indigenous/tribal games: - Under the Khelo India Scheme, annual
competitions are organized to showcase India's rural and indigenous/tribal games.
Khelo India School Games
Prime minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first edition of Khelo India School Games at
the Indira Gandhi indoor stadium in new Delhi. It was held across at 16 disciplines in under-
17 category. 5000 children from all states and union territories participated in the event from
Jan 31 to Feb 8, 2018. The second edition of Khelo India School Games was rechristened as
Khelo India Youth Games held from Jan 9-20, 2019 in Pune, Maharashtra.
Khelo India Youth Games
the union ministry of sports expanded its scope relative to Khelo India School Games. The
participants are not allowed to participate in two categories, under 17 and under 21. It also
allows students from various colleges and universities to compete.

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