CRIMINALITY AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS IN

DUNGO-AN, MLANG, COTABATO

MAARNA B. AMINO

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

October 2022
 CRIMINALITY AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS IN
DUNGO-AN, M’LANG, COTABATO

MAARNA B. AMINO

Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of Criminal Justice and Education,

College of Arts and Social Sciences,
University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato,
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

October 2022

i
 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE

Name MAARNA B. AMINO

Major
Degree Sought BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Specialization
Thesis Title CRIMINALITY AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS IN DUNGO-AN,
M’LANG, COTABATO

APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

ERNESTO A. BUENAVENTURA JR. ______________________________

Adviser Co-Adviser
______________ _____________
Date Date

____________________________ RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD

Statistician Department Research Coordinator
______________ _____________
Date Date
MARIZ P. BALQUIN, MsCJ
Department Chairperson
______________
Date

ESTELLA B. BARBOSA, MEAL MARCOS F. MONDERIN, JD

College Research Coordinator Dean
______________________ ______________________
Date Date

Study No: _Dept (DMO-2022-001)

Index No: ________________
Recorded by: _____________
RECORDED:
LYDIA C. PASCUAL
Director for Research and Development Office

_________________
Date
Recorded by: _________

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES Page

Title Page i
Approval of Thesis Outline ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures iv
List of Appendices v
INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Objectives of the Study 3
Significance of the Study 3
Place and Time of the Study 4
Operational Definition of Terms 4
Theoretical Framework of the Study 6
Conceptual Framework 7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8
Robbery 8
Force upon Things 9
Bank and Commercial Robbery 10
Violence and Intimidation upon a Person 11
Law Penalizing Robbery 12
Preventive Measures 13
Patrol 14
Information Drive 14
Investigation 15
Security Alarm 16
Security Personnel 17
METHODOLOGY 18
Research Method 18
Research Locale 18
Respondents of the Study 18
Research Instrument 18
Research Procedure 19
Statistical Tools 19
LITERATURE CITED 21
APPENDICES 23
CURRICULUM VITAE 32

iii
List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework 7

iv

v
List of Appendices

Appendices Titles Page

A Application for Research Adviser 24

B Application for Research Title 25

C Estimated Budget of the Research 26

D Application for Thesis Outline Defense 27

E Permission Letter 28

F Survey Questionnaire 29
Objectives of the Study

The general objectives of the study is to determine the Criminality and

Community Preparedness in Dung-oan, M’lang, Cotabato.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Occupation

2. Determine the crime incidents in the community.

3. Determine the preparedness of the community for crime prevention.

Significance of the Study

This study provides information on criminality and community

preparedness in Dungo-an, M’lang, Cotabato. It is significant especially to the

following: To the Community as the respondents of this study will have a further

understanding of the importance of preparedness for crime incidents. The

community will be encouraged to participate in any programs relevant to crime

prevention and through this study, the members of the community will somehow

prevent future crime incidents. The Philippine National Police as body of

officers representing the civil authority of government will exert effort for

suppressing crime in the community and maintain peace and order. The study

Criminality and Community Preparedness in Dungoan, M’lang, Cotabato will also

contribute to the University for its research development and foster studies

regarding criminological research. To the Future Researcher, this will be

beneficial, whereas it may serve as a reference for having similar study. It will

also help through having additional knowledge about choosing research title.

Place and Time of the Study

This study will be conducted only in the Municipality of M’lang, specifically

in Barangay Dungo-an on June 2023.

Operational Definition of Terms

The terms used in the study defined operationally as follows:

Attempted Homicide- is the botched act of a human being trying to physically

kill another human being. It occurs when a person acts deliberately, intentionally,

or recklessly with extreme disregard for human life.

Attempted Murder- is the crime of simultaneously preparing to commit an

unlawful killing and having a specific intention to cause the death of a human

being.

Community Crime Prevention- are efforts to prevent neighborhood crime

through collective citizen action. There are many strategies for empowering

citizens to attack neighborhood problems, but in the field of crime prevention,

community organizing through voluntary community groups has been the

predominant approach.

Community Preparedness- is a neighborhood or smaller area where people

organize themselves into groups or networks to prevent (either directly or

indirectly) local crime and other problems.

Crime incidents- is an offense (violation, misdemeanor, or felony), emergency

or occurrence that is potentially dangerous to life, health, or safety of a person or

actually or potentially damages property.

Grave Threats- is any person who shall threaten another with the infliction upon

the person, honor, or property of the latter or of his family of any wrong

amounting to a crime.

Homicide- is killing of human being due to the act or omission of another. But

not all homicides are crime, particularly when there is a lack of criminal intent.

Murder- is defined as the unlawful killing of a person with “malice aforethought”

which was generally defined as premediated intent to kill.

Violation of RA 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002)- Provides for

importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential

Chemicals. It establishes offences and penalty according to the different

dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved. (FAO.org :, n.d.)

Violation of RA 9516 (Illegal Possession, Manufacture, Acquisition, of

firearms, ammunition or explosives)- Any person who is found guilty of

'planting' any explosive or incendiary device or any part, ingredient, machinery,

tool or instrument of any explosive or incendiary device, whether chemical,

mechanical, electronic, electrical or otherwise, shall suffer the penalty of

reclusion perpetua.
Theoretical Framework of the Study

The study is anchored to the theory of Social disorganization theory states that

crime occurs when social mores and opportunities have broken down. This is

particularly true in urban communities. The social learning theory argues that

individuals learn from their environment and base their activities on that

environment. Another theory is the strain theory, which suggests that individuals

turn to a life of crime when they feel stretched and unable to achieve their social

goals.

Conceptual Framework
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will reveal related studies about research entitled Criminality and

Community Preparedness in Dungo-an, M’lang, Cotabato. It also contains

various types of crime incidents and community preparedness for crime

prevention that may be applied in Dungo-an, M’lang. The following related

literatures are cited by the researcher.

Community Crime Prevention

The word "community' has many definitions and, consequently, has been heavily

debated in criminological circles. At the most basic level, the term can refer to a

geographic area, such as a neighborhood, or to a set of social ties that link

individuals or groups. With community crime prevention, the phrase often refers

to both- a neighborhood or smaller area where people organize themselves into

groups or networks to prevent (either directly or indirectly) local crime and other

problems. Community crime prevention are efforts to prevent neighborhood

crime through collective citizen action. There are many strategies for empowering

citizens to attack neighborhood problems, but in the field of crime prevention,

community organizing through voluntary community groups has been the

predominant approach.

Community safety needs to be defined in a holistic and multilevel manner, and its

operational philosophy and methodology should undergo an extensive

reexamination. Only then will the system maximize positive deterrent effects and

will preventive measures impact the community and culture. For example, by
properly securing a community means the removal of the barrier of fear and, in

turn, allows interaction to take place among community members-a fundamental

need in the crime prevention effort. In the 1980s, as levels of violence escalated

to unprecedented heights, Americans responded in the only way they knew how-

with increased fear and avoidance of dangerous situations. They retreated to the

safety of their homes, adding locks, bars, alarms, and, sometimes, guards.

Research now suggests that such restrictions of behavior and security purchases

are often effective in reducing an individual's risk of property loss but the price

might have been higher than expected. Concerned about this type of restrictive

crime prevention behavior, the National Advisory Commission on Criminal

Justice Standards and Goals observed that "although these prophylactic

measures may be steps in self-protection, they can lead to a lessening of the

bonds of mutual assistance and neighborliness."

Indeed, community crime prevention researchers have suggested that one

primary explanation for high levels of crime, disorder, and fear of crime in specific

neighborhoods is the absence of "community". In any event, witnessed a

nationwide call for collective crime prevention actions. Given the public's

preference for "private-minded" anticrime measures designed to protect

themselves and their immediate property and family, local community leaders

saw a clear need to get people out of their homes and involved in the process of

protecting the neighborhood. In turn, this "public-minded" approach should have

benefits for both the community and its individual members. The rationale for

these expected benefits can be found in criminological theories about why and
how crime occurs in a community context which is the next part of this essay.

Part B: Compare the two major strategies in community crime prevention.

Describe the different theories of crime associated with each, the levels of

theoretical analysis, and the assumptions each has about the causes of crime.

Community organizations have sought to organize and empower local residents

given perceived threats such as crime, toxic chemicals, noise pollution, traffic

safety, and other environmental stressors. Collective grassroots action is

considered necessary when the public believes that traditional, formal responses

from governmental and service agencies have been (or will be) ineffectual at

best, or, at worst, harmful to the community.

There are many different approaches to community empowerment. Dreier (1996)

identified three distinct strategies for empowering the community and its

strengths: (1) "community organizing" efforts to mobilize people against specific

problems and increase their voices in decisions affecting their lives; (2)

"community-based development" to improve the physical and economic

conditions through job creation, business development, housing, and so on; and

(3) "community-based service provision" that will enhance people's skills and

opportunities, such as job training, child care, and parenting skills. Collective

responses to crime can take many forms and be conceptualized in different

ways.

Programs vary depending on the extent to which they focus on preventing

offending or preventing victimization (Lewis & Salem, 1991), are initiated by

efforts indigenous or exogenous to the neighborhood (Bursik & Grasmick, 1993;

Greenberg, Rohe, & Williams, 1985), address social problems at the root of

crime or opportunities for crime (Rosenbaum, 1988; Skogan, 1990), and engage

in social action to advocate the cause of disadvantaged groups or to preserve the

status quo by reinforcing common values and practices (Lewis, Grant, &

Rosenbaum, 1988; Skogan, 1990). Many of these distinctions are overlapping.

Interestingly enough, Cullen argues that high-crime community characteristics

that are traditionally interpreted as signs of social disorganization- such as family

disruption, weak friendship networks, and low rates of citizen participation in

voluntary organizations -can just as easily be interpreted as signs of weak social

support in these environments. In essence, the absence of informal helping

networks can contribute to criminality in the neighborhood as much as the

absence of informal social control.

These theories can suggest different solutions to neighborhood crime and

disorder problems by focusing on either the restoration of social control or the

strengthening of social support mechanisms needed to prevent antisocial and

dysfunctional behavior. However, as Cullen notes, the solutions can be

complementary and mutually dependent because social support, trust, and

respect are often prerequisites for exercising social control in a relationship.

Nevertheless, voluntary community groups tend to give more attention to social

control strategies.

Opportunity Reduction Strategy Perhaps the most appropriate theory for

understanding community crime prevention practices is the opportunity reduction

approach. In a nutshell, opportunity theories suggest that criminal behavior is

driven by the opportunity to commit crime presented by a particular location,

time, and set of circumstances Therefore, the removal or reduction of these

opportunities, according to this model, should lead to a reduction in crime in that

particular setting and under those conditions

For a crime to occur, four basic elements must be present: criminal law, an

offender, a target or victim, and a place or environment. The opportunity models

have emerged from research focusing on different aspects of the criminal event.

Environmental criminology, influenced by the writings of Jeffrey (1991) and

Newman (1992), helped us understand how changes in the physical environment

(urban design and architecture) would influence crime and perceptions of safety

in particular neighborhoods.

More recently, research focusing on the thoughts and behaviors of offenders has

led to the development of important opportunity theories of crime, including

routine activities (Cohen & Felson, 1999) and offender decision-making or

rational choice (Rengert, 1998). The routine activities theory provides the

clearest illustration of how opportunity is the key element in the commission or

prevention of crime. This theory suggests that a crime is more likely to occur in

places where there is a convergence of "motivated offenders," "suitable targets,"

and the absence of "guardians" who can prevent the offense.

The limited rational choice decision making theories help us understand how

offenders select particular neighborhoods, plan their offenses, and select their

targets, but again, the key element is the offender's assessment of whether the
right opportunity to maximize benefit and minimize costs exists. Indeed, research

has established a link between environmental opportunity/risk and criminal

behavior (Clarke, 1992). The implications of opportunity theories for community

crime prevention are clear.

Community groups and individuals concerned about the neighborhood must do

everything possible to make crime more difficult or costly for offenders by either

removing or reducing opportunities in specific locations. Clarke and his

colleagues have delineated and classified the different ways this can be

accomplished (Clarke, 1992). Generally speaking, opportunity reduction

strategies strength are to (1) increase the level of effort required to commit a

crime, (2) increase the risk of detection and apprehension, or (3) reduce the

rewards associated with crime.

Although voluntary community organizations sometimes get involved in

strategies to increase the effort needed to commit a crime (for example,

educating local residents about target hardening or access control measures) or

strategies to reduce the rewards for offending (for example, property marking,

graffiti cleaning), historically, their primary agenda has been to encourage human

surveillance of public spaces to detect and prevent criminal activity.

In the language of opportunity theory, local residents, through neighborhood

watches and patrols, seek to increase the number of "guardians" who will protect

the neighborhood and decrease the number of "suitable targets" by supervising

the behavior of youth. If offenders come to the conclusion that the risk of

detection and apprehension are higher in a particular neighborhood or on a

particular block as a result of human surveillance, they should be less inclined to

perpetrate crimes in that geographic area ( Crime Prevention and Community,

2020).
The most effective approaches to crime prevention are community policing and

reducing opportunities for crime through strategies like block watch, target

hardening or promoting a more careful behavior. These could result to decreased

crime rates, the level and the fear of crime, neighborhood risks, and higher

quality of life. Historically, the missions of criminal justice system include crime

prevention and the processing of crimes and criminal defendants. Program

description, Philosophy and Goals Neighborhood Watch, as one of the most

effective strategies in crime prevention program is implemented in both local and

national levels in the United States and other countries like the United Kingdom.

It also serves as the foundation for strengthening neighborhoods in transition and

in improving the relationship between the community and the law enforcers.

Neighborhood Watch includes crime prevention activities such as community-

oriented policing, block watches, target hardening, victim assistance, security

inspections, mediation, community services, Operation Identification, educational

programs for children and teens, and community improvement (Whittemore,

1989). Neighborhood Watch in the U. S., which was launched in 1972, is

sponsored by the National Sheriffs' Association (NSA).

It is one of the oldest and most effective means of involving the citizens in law

crime reduction, enforcement, peace-keeping and safety-building in all

communities. Neighborhood Watch was originally meant to provide night

watchmen to patrol the streets but it has been developed and adopted in other

countries. In it modern version, the Neighborhood Watch program was developed

to involve citizens to help solve the increasing number of burglaries in

collaboration with the sheriffs and police chiefs who were in charged of the crime

prevention program (Crime Prevention Theories and Concepts: Neighborhood

Watch - Law Essays, 2020).

Principles of Crime Prevention

When you are looking at using the principles of crime prevention to improve

security around your home or business, the best way to approach it is to look at

your home or premises as if you were the offender.  Identify the weak spots,

vulnerable areas and concealment points and prioritize the areas for

improvement.

Target Hardening

Making your property harder for an offender to access.

 Upgrading the locks on your doors, windows, sheds and outbuildings, fitting

sash jammers to vulnerable doors and windows. Using secure passwords to

prevent criminals hacking your online accounts.

Target Removal

Ensuring that a potential target is out of view. Not leaving items on view through

your windows – i.e. laptops, phones, keys, bags. Putting your vehicle in the

garage if you have one and not leaving valuables on display. Being cautious

about what you post online as it may be used to identify or locate you offline

Reducing the Means

Removing items that may help commit an offence. Not leaving tools and ladders

in the garden and clearing up any rubble/bricks, keeping wheelie bins out of

reach, as they may be a climbing aid or help transport items. Making sure that

bricks and rubble are cleared up.

Reducing the Payoff

Reducing the profit the criminal can make from the offence, security marking your

property, marking your property in such a way that others will not want to buy

from the thief. Not buying property you believe or suspect to be stolen.

Access Control

Looking at measures that will control access to a location, a person or object,

locking your doors and windows to both your house and your vehicle. Ensuring

that fencing, hedges, walls and other boundary treatments are in a good state of

repair. Putting a security system in place at a commercial site (entry barriers,

security guards, ID cards).

Surveillance

Improving surveillance around homes, businesses or public places to deter

criminals, removing high hedges / fences at the front of your home that allows an

offender to work unseen. Consider adding CCTV to a commercial site or public

place. Establishing a Neighborhood Watch Scheme in your street.

Environmental Change

Ensuring your property and wider community looks cared for, ensuring that

graffiti and domestic/commercial waste is cleared up, reporting issues with fly-

tipping or broken street lights to the relevant authority. Working with the police

and local authority to close a footpath.

Rule Setting

Changing our habits by setting rules and positioning signage in appropriate

locations. Introducing a rule that the last person entering / leaving should lock the

door and remove the keys. Informing visitors to commercial sites that they must

report to reception on arrival, informing users that a particular site is closed

between certain times and should not be accessed.

Increase the Chances of Being Caught

Increasing the likelihood that an offender will be caught to prevent crime

occurring. Making use of dusk to dawn security lighting is in place and in working

order, using good quality CCTV and/or alarm systems, especially on commercial

sites and public places. Upgrading security to delay an offender, meaning they

have to spend more time to gain access.

Deflecting Offenders

Deterring an offender or deflecting their intention, using timer switches to make

our homes look occupied if vacant after the hours of darkness, running youth
diversionary schemes with partner agencies. Referring offenders to drug

rehabilitation programmes (West Yorkshire Police, 2019).

Community Preparedness Principles

Collaboration: Government must collaborate with community leaders from all

sectors for effective planning and capacity building.

Integration: Non-governmental assets and resources must be fully integrated in

government plans, preparations, and disaster response.

Personal/Organizational Preparedness: Everyone in America must be fully

aware, trained, and practiced on how to prevent, protect, mitigate, prepare for,

and respond to all threats and hazards.

Volunteer Service: Citizen activism and volunteer service provides ongoing

support for community safety and critical surge capacity in response and

recovery.

In all areas of the homeland security mission space, the United States can never

be totally immune to current and upcoming threats and dangers. Federal, state,

municipal, tribal, and territorial governments, the commercial sector, non-

governmental groups, and the American people all have responsibilities for

preparation.

Communities won't always be able to handle every catastrophe; as a result, the

federal government must be ready to respond to natural disasters, physical and

cyberattacks, attacks using weapons of mass destruction, key infrastructure

disruptions, and distress signals for search and rescue. The federal government

must be ready to provide long-term recovery aid to local communities in the wake

of disasters. By thoroughly preparing local areas, acting quickly in times of crisis,

and assisting in recovery, the United States can manage emergencies and

lessen the impact to American communities (2022).

Crime Incidents

Is an offense (violation, misdemeanor, or felony), emergency or occurrence that

is potentially dangerous to life, health, or safety of a person or actually or

potentially damages property. (Policies, Procedures and Guidelines | SUNY

Empire State College, n.d.)

Murder

It was defined as the unlawful killing of a person with “malice aforethought” which

was generally defined as premediated intent to kill. homicide.

(2018).TheFreeDictionary.com.

Homicide

The killing of human being due to the act or omission of another. But not all

homicides are crime, particularly when there is a lack of criminal intent. homicide.

(2018). TheFreeDictionary.com.
Attempted Murder

Is the crime of simultaneously preparing to commit an unlawful killing and having

a specific intention to cause the death of a human being. Attempted murder.

(n.d.). TheFreeDictionary.com.

Attempted Homicide

Is the botched act of a human being trying to physically kill another human being.

It occurs when a person acts deliberately, intentionally, or recklessly with extreme

disregard for human life. Attempted Homicide. (n.d.). Victim Support Services.

Grave Threats

Any person who shall threaten another with the infliction upon the person,

honor, or property of the latter or of his family of any wrong amounting to a crime.

(wncdevegalaw, 2021).

Violation of RA 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002)

Provides for importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and

Essential Chemicals. It establishes offences and penalty according to the

different dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved.

(FAO.org :, n.d.)

Violation of RA 9516 (Illegal Possession, Manufacture, Acquisition, of

firearms, ammunition or explosives)

Any person who is found guilty of 'planting' any explosive or incendiary device

or any part, ingredient, machinery, tool or instrument of any explosive or

incendiary device, whether chemical, mechanical, electronic, electrical or

otherwise, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua. (R.A. 9516, n.d.)

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, research locale, respondents

of the study, research instrument, data gathering, and statistical analysis.

Research Method

This study is quantitative in nature since the research question that

the researchers seek to answer lead to numerical data.

Specifically, this study uses descriptive survey design as it aims to

determine the criminality and community preparedness in Dungo-an, M’lang,
Cotabato.

Descriptive research describes what is it involves the description,

recording analysis, and interpretation of the present nature, composition or

process of phenomena. The focus is on prevailing conditions, or how a person,

group, or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some type of

comparison or contrast.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at M’lang, specifically in Barangay Dung-oan.

Since the study aims to determine the criminality and community preparedness in

Dungo-an, M’lang, Cotabato.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were 50 members of the community,

specifically in Barangay Dungo-an. The respondents will voluntarily answer the

given survey questionnaire.

The researcher believe that the respondents will be enough to provide

sufficient and essential information to answer the questions raised in this study.

Research Instrument

The tool used in this study to gather data is survey questionnaire, wherein

it contains a series of questions formulated for the individual and independent

answering by several respondents for obtaining statistical information.

Research Procedure

The researcher does effective seeking of related studies through reading

previous criminological research studies, searching from internet, and by means

of help from my research adviser. The researcher made a permission letter noted

by the adviser and approved by the Chairperson of Department of Criminal

Justice Education. After the researcher will retrieve the survey questionnaire,

they will tabulate and sent to the Statistician for interpretation and analyze the

data.
Statistical Tools

The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The treatment of the data

used was frequency and weighted mean. A frequency is particular value in the

number of times the data value occurs. A weighted mean is a kind of average.

Instead of each data point contributing equally to the final mean, some data

points contribute more "weight" than others. If all the weights are equal, then the

weighted mean equals the arithmetic mean. Weighted mean is very common in

statistics, especially, when studying populations. 20

Formula for Percentage

%= f x 100
N

Where:

%= Percent Frequency

N= Frequency

F= Number of Respondent

Weighted Mean

x= ∑ ❑ fx
n

Where:

∑ ❑ fx = Sum of the Product of f and x Scores

 x= Weighted Mean

Rating scale
Interval Descriptive equivalent

4.50-5.00 Very High

3.50-4.49 High

2.50-3.49 Moderate

1.50-2.49 Seldom

0.50-1.49 Never
LITERATURE CITED

Crime Prevention and Community. (2020, June 6). LawAspect.com.

https://lawaspect.com/crime-prevention-community/

Crime Prevention Theories and Concepts: Neighborhood Watch - Law Essays.

(2020, July 20). LawAspect.com. https://lawaspect.com/crime-prevention-
theories-concepts-neighborhood-watch/

West Yorkshire Police. (2019). The 10 Principles of Crime Prevention | West

Yorkshire Police. Police.uk.
https://www.westyorkshire.police.uk/advice/10-principles-crime-
prevention/10-principles-crime-prevention/10-principles-crime-prevention

Crime Prevention Tips. (n.d.). Pro10.Pnp.gov.ph. Retrieved September 24, 2022,

from https://pro10.pnp.gov.ph/pro10/index.php/public-relations/public-
safety-tips/87-crime-prevention-tips
DHS. (2019, July 5). Strengthen Preparedness and Resilience. Department of
Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/strengthen-preparedness-and-
resilience
Kapur, R. (2018, March). (PDF) Crime Prevention Strategies. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323733776_Crime_Prevention_
Strategies
Crime Prevention Research Paper - EssayEmpire. (n.d.). Retrieved September
21, 2022, from
https://research-paper.essayempire.com/examples/criminal-justice/crime-
prevention-research-paper/
Policies, Procedures and Guidelines | SUNY Empire State College. (n.d.).
Www.esc.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2022, from
https://www.esc.edu/policies/?search=cid%3D38506

(2022). Fema.gov. https://emilms.fema.gov/is_0909/groups/11.html

homicide. (2018). TheFreeDictionary.com. https://legal-

dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/homicide

Attempted murder. (n.d.). TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved September 23,

2022, from https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Attempted+murder

Attempted Homicide. (n.d.). Victim Support Services. Retrieved September 23,

2022, from
https://victimsupportservices.org/help-for-victims/crime-types/attempted-
homicide/

‌
wncdevegalaw. (2021, January 14). What Is The Crime Of Grave Threats? - Law
Firm in Metro Manila, Philippines | Corporate, Family, IP law, and
Litigation Lawyers. Ndvlaw.com. https://ndvlaw.com/what-is-the-crime-of-
grave-threats/

FAO.org : (n.d.). Retrieved from www.fao.org website:

https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC174225/#:~:text=
This%20Act%2C%20consisting%20of%20101

‌R.A. 9516. (n.d.). Lawphil.net.

https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9516_2008.html

‌
APPENDICES
Appendix C. Estimated Budget of the Research

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

ESTIMATED BUDGET OF THE RESEARCH

Title of the Study

Criminality and Community Preparedness in Dungo-an, M’lang, Cotabato

ITEMS/DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED COST_______

Outline Adviser 350.00
Outline Department Research Coordinator 125.00
Outline Examining Committee 300.00
Print 200.00
Transportation 200.00
Load for Internet 300.00

Grand Total 1,475.00 ____

Prepared and submitted by:

MAARNA B. AMINO
Printed Name and Signature of the Student
NOTED

ERNESTO A. BUENAVENTURA JR. ___________________

Adviser Date

RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD __________________

Department Research Coordinator Date

MARIZ P. BALQUIN, MsCJ __________________

Department Chairperson Date
 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines 27
APPLICATION FOR THESIS OUTLINE DEFENSE
Appendix D. Application for Thesis Outline Defense

Name MAARNA B. AMINO

Degree/Major BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Thesis Title CRIMINALITY AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS IN
DUNGO-AN, M’LANG, COTABATO
Date of Examination OCTOBER 15, 2022
Time
Place DCJE OFFICE, CASS BUILDING, USM

MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINING COMMITTEE

Name Signature Date
ERNESTO BUENAVENTURA, JR __________________ __________
ROSELYN CLEMEN __________________ __________
VICENTE DELOS REYES _ __________________ __________

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
ERNESTO A. BUENAVENTURA JR. _______________________________
Adviser Co-Adviser (Optional)

APPROVED:
_____________________________ _RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD
College Statistician Department Research Coordinator
MARIZ P. BALQUIN, MsCJ
Department Chairperson
REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION

Name Signature Date

ERNESTO BUENAVENTURA, JR __________________ __________
ROSELYN CLEMEN __________________ __________
VICENTE DELOS REYES __________________ __________
APPROVED:
RICHARD T. CAMARA, PhD
Department Research Coordinator
Appendix E. Permission Letter

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

PERMISSION LETTER
Appendix F. Survey Questionnaire

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

Survey Questionnaire

CRIMINALITY AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS IN

DUNGO-AN, M’LANG, COTABATO

PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

Instruction: Please put a check (√ ) in the items that best describes you or write
the responses to the items in the blank space as provided.

1. Age Bracket
___________18 – 20 years old
___________21 – 25 years old
___________26 – 30 years old
___________31 year and above

2. Sex
___________Male
___________Female

3. Occupation
_____________________
PART I: Determine the crime incidents in the community

Instruction: Please evaluate the level of crime incidents in your community. Use
the following scale as guide to your evaluation: Check ( √ ) only one (1) option.

Scale Level of Incidents

5 = (4.50 – 5.00) = Very High (VH)

4 = (3.50 – 4.49) = High (H)
3 = (2.50 – 3.49) = Moderate (M)
2 = (1.50 – 2.49) = Seldom (S)
1 = (1.00 – 1.49) = Never (N)

VH H M S N
CRIME INCIDENTS 5 4 3 2 1

1. Murder

2. Homicide

3. Attempted Murder

4. Attempted Homicide

5. Grave Threats

6. Violation of RA 9165 (Comprehensive

Dangerous Act of 2002)

7. Violation of RA 9516 (Illegal

Possession, Manufacture, Acquisition,
of firearms, ammunition or explosives)
PART II: Determine the Community Preparedness for Crime Prevention
Instruction: Please determine the level of Community Preparedness in your
community. Use the following scale as guide to your evaluation:
Check ( √ ) only one (1) option.

Scale Level of Proficiency

5 = (4.50 – 5.00) = Very High (VH)

4 = (3.50 – 4.49) = High (H)
3 = (2.50 – 3.49) = Moderate (M)
2 = (1.50 – 2.49) = Seldom (S)
1 = (1.00 – 1.49) = Never (N)

VH H M S N
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS 5 4 3 2 1

1. Ensure all doors and windows have locks in working

condition.
2. Check all doors and windows are locked at night
before going to sleep.
3. Leave lights on inside your house when you go out
for the evening
4. Not storing big amount of cash and other valuable
things in your house.
5. Used of curtains or drapes to protect your house
from prying eyes.
6. Not leaving tools and ladders in the garden and
cleaning up any rubble/bricks.
7. Ensuring that fencing, hedges, walls and other
boundary treatments are in a good state of repair.
8. Being alert to report suspicious persons and
unusual activities to the police before a crime may
occur.
9. Never give out information on the whereabouts of
family members to just anyone.
10. Always carry in your bag a whistle or anything that
may be used to sound alarm when in danger.

Source:
Crime Prevention Tips. (n.d.). Pro10.Pnp.gov.ph. Retrieved September 24,
2022, from https://pro10.pnp.gov.ph/pro10/index.php/public-
relations/public-safety-tips/87-crime-prevention-tips