ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RCC RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (G+3)

Submitted to
ASSAM DON BOSCO UNIVERSITY

By
Oinam Ilina Devi DC2018BTE0007
Potshangbam Janshi Devi DC2018BTE0008
KonjengbamDhanamanjuri Devi DC2018BTE0023
Ruth Tep DC2018BTE0034
Akangkhya Bordoloi DC2018BTE0079

of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ASSAM DON BOSCO UNIVERSITY
AZARA, GUWAHATI 781017 ASSAM, INDIA

Under the Guidance of

Sir Gitartha Kalita
Professor Department of Civil Engineering, SOT, ADBU

1
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RCC
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING G+3” submitted to the School of Technology, Assam Don Bosco
University, Assam, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Civil Engineering, is an original work done by us under the guidance of Sir
Gitartha Kalita , Civil Engineering Department, School of Technology.

We have not submitted the matter embodied in this report for the award of any other degree or
diploma.

Oinam Ilina Devi (DC2018BTE0007)

Potshangbam Janshi Devi (DC2018BTE0008)
KonjengbamDhanamanjuri Devi (DC2018BTE0023)
Ruth Tep (DC2018BTE0034)
Akangkhya Bordoloi (DC2018BTE0079)

Place:

Date:

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Oinam Ilina Devi (DC2018BTE0007), Potshangbam Janshi Devi
(DC2018BTE0008), Konjengbam Dhanamanjuri Devi (DC2018BTE0023), Ruth Tep
(DC2018BTE0034), Akangkhya Bordoloi(DC2018BTE0079) of Civil Engineering
department has carried out the project work in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance
and also defend it successfully.
We wish them all the success in their future endeavours.

Internal Guide:

Gitartha Kalita
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

3
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RCC
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING G+3” submitted by the students of VIII semester to the School
of Technology, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, Assam in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering is a
bonafide record of the project work carried out by them under my supervision during the
academic year 2021-2022. The work has been found satisfactory and is approved for
submission.

Head of the Department Head of the institution

Dr. Girija T.R Dr. Manoranjan Kalita
Associate Professor Director
School of Technology School of Technology
Assam Don Bosco University Assam Don Bosco
University

Place:

Date:

4
 EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Oinam Ilina Devi (DC2018BTE0007), Potshangbam Janshi Devi
(DC2018BTE0008), Konjengbam Dhanamanjuri Devi (DC2018BTE0023), Ruth Tep
(DC2018BTE0034), Akangkhya Bordoloi(DC2018BTE0079) of Civil Engineering
department has carried out the project work in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance
and also defend it successfully.
We wish them all the success in their future endeavours.

Examiners:
1.External Examiner:

2.Internal Examiner:

Date:

Place:

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel profound happiness in forwarding this major project report as an image of sincere
efforts. The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance
from many people and we are extremely fortunate to have got this all along the completion of
our project work.
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our project coordinator Sir
Gitartha Kalita, Professor of Civil Engineering Department, Assam Don Bosco University,
Azara for his valuable guidance, sympathy and co-operation for providing necessary facilities
and sources during the entire period of this project.
We wish to convey our sincere gratitude to all the faculties of Civil Engineering
Department who have helped us during our studies. The facilities and cooperation received
from the technical staff of Civil Engineering department is fully acknowledged.
We express our thanks to those who help us one way or the other. Last, but not
the least, we would like to thank the authors of various research articles and books that we
referred too.

Oinam Ilina Devi (DC2018BTE0007)

PotshangbamJanshi Devi (DC2018BTE0008)
KonjengbamDhanamanjuri Devi (DC2018BTE0023)

Ruth Tep (DC2018BTE0034)

Akangkhya Bordoloi (DC2018BTE0079)

6
 ABSTRACT

The project is based on design of a residential building of G+3 in seismic zone V and on
medium type soil. The purpose of the structural design is to provide a safe structural compiling
with the user economies. The design also evolves structural solution for safety and
serviceability throughout the design life which gives greatest overall for the first cost and
maintenance cost. The project is based on limit state method of RCC design.
The design philosophy that has been adopted in this project is the limit state method,
IS 456- 2000 and designing aid to IS 456-1978 (also known as SP 16), IS:875-1987 (PART 2),
IS:893 - 2002 (PART 1) and IS 13920 are followed in this regard to ensure this design
philosophy.

7
 OBJECTIVE

This project is performed to study the structural design of a multi-storied RCC residential
building. The first phase of the project is to plan a building according to the existing Assam
Building by-laws and idealize the structure for analysis. The following phases are the
estimation of loads, idealized structural model to determine axial loads, shears and bending
moments, design of the various structural elements and detailed structural drawing and
scheduling of reinforcement bars.
In this project, a G+3 building is manually analysed using methods such as moment
distribution and portal frame method. The building is planned in such a manner that the
arrangement of rooms and their sizes fulfils the functional requirement of the intended purpose.

8
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 13-18
1.1INTRODUCTION
1.2.IMPOSED LOADS AND MATERIALS LOADS
1.3.SUPERSTRUCTURE
1.4.PLANNING OF BUILDING
1.5.ORIENTATION
1.6.DATA OF THE PROBLEM
CHAPTER 2: BUILDING PLANNING 19-26
2.1.SETBACK CALCULATIONS

CHAPTER 3: GRAVITY LOAD ANALYSIS 27-39

3.1.CALCULATION

CHAPTER 4: CALCULATION OF FIXED END MOMENT 40-44

4.1.CALCULATIONS OF MOMENTS

CHAPTER 5: CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTOR 45-50

AND MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
5.1.Calculation of DF
5.2Moment Distribution

CHAPTER 6: CALCULATION OF BEAM SHEAR FORCE 51-59

6.1. Shear force
6.2.Moment Distribution for columns:

CHAPTER 7: CALCULATION OF COLUMN AXIAL 60-66

7.1.Column Axial

CHAPTER 8: SEISMIC ANALYSIS 67-86

8.1.SEISMIC ANALYSIS
8.2.LOAD CALCULATION FOR W4
8.2.1.(A) DEAD LOAD
8.2.2.(B) LIVE LOAD
8.3.LOAD CALCULATION FOR W3 , W2 ,W1
8.3.1.(A) DEAD LOAD
8.3.2.(B) LIVE LOAD
8.4.LOAD CALCULATION FOR W0
8.5.CALCULATION OF BASE SHEAR FOR SHORTER FRAME
8.6.LATERAL ANALYSIS OF FRAME
8.6.1.Calculation of column shear force
8.6.2.Step 2: Moment in the column
8.6.3.Step 3: Moment in the beam
8.6.4.Step 4: Calculation of Beam Shear
8.6.5.Calculation of column axial
CHAPTER 9: LOAD COMBINATION 87-92
9.1.LOAD COMBINATION

9
 9.1.1.Beam moment
9.1.2Column moment
9.1.3Beam Shear Force
9.1.4 Column Axial
CHAPTER 10: DESIGN OF BEAM 93-110
10.1.Design data
10.2.DESIGN OF BEAMS
10.2.1. Maximum reinforcement
CHAPTER 11: DESIGN OF COLUMN 111-125
11.1.Design Data
11.2.Design of columns
CHAPTER 12: DESIGN OF SLABS 126-139
12.1.INTRODUCTION
12.2.Design of slab
12.3.Check for Deflection
12.4.Calculation for distribution of steel
CHAPTER 13: DESIGN OF FOOTING 140-144
13.1.ISOLATED SLOPED FOOTING
CHAPTER 14: DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 145-151
14.1.STAIRCASE DESIGN
14.2.Design of Waist Slab
14.2.1.LOAD CALCULATION
14.3.Design of Landing Beam
14.4.Shear Reinforcement
14.5.DESIGN OF HEAD ROOM

CHAPTER 15: DESIGN OF CHAJJA 152-154

15.1.DESIGN OF CHAJJA
15.1.1.DESIGN DATA
15.1.2.LOAD CALCULATIONS
15.1.3.BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE
CALCULATION
15.1.4.CALCULATION OF REQUIRED REINFORCEMENT
15.2.CHECK FOR SHEAR
CHAPTER 16: DESIGN OF LINTELS 155-158
16.1.INTRODUCTION
16.2.BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATIONS
16.3.CHECK FOR SHEAR
CHAPTER 17: STAADPRO ANALYSIS 159-163
17.1.Introduction
CHAPTER 18: CONCLUSION 164
CHAPTER 19:ANNEXURE 165

10
 Contents of Figures
Page No.

1. Building Plan 22
2. Column Axial Diagram 23
3. Elevation Diagram 24
4. Ground Floor Plan 26
5. Dead load front view 36
6. Live load front view 37
7. Dead load side view 38
8. Live load side view 39
9. BMD and SFD 57
10. Column axial 61
11. Column axial diagram 66
12. Lumped mass diagram 73
13. Column shear 82
14. Column moment 83
15. Beam shear 84
16. Beam moment 85
17. Column axial 86
18. Beam detailing diagrams 105-110
19. Detailing of columns and joints along shorter span 114-125
20. Numbering of slab panels 128
21. Details of reinforcement in column footing 144
22. Detailing of staircase 151
23. Lintels and chajja diagram 158
24. Structural frame of G+3 residential building in staadpro 161
25. 3D rendering of the structural frame 162
26. Front elevation with supports 162

11
 Contents of Tables
Page No.

1. Calculation of DF 46

2. Moment distribution for live load 47-48

3. Moment distribution for dead load 49-50

4. Shear force for live load 52

5. Shear force for dead load 53

6. Moment distribution for columns 58-59

7. Column axial 62-65

8. Seismic load distribution 72

9. Load combination 88-92

10. Beam design 96-104

11. Column design 113

12. Design for slab 131-137

12
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

13
1.INTRODUCTION
The building consist of twelve residential units (1st ,2nd and 3rdstoreys) where one storey consist
of 4 residential units with a basement car facility. Only one critical frame is selected in breadth
wise direction for gravity load analysis as well as seismic load analysis. Portal method has been
employed for gravity load analysis of all the frames. The lateral load analysis for earthquake
load has been carried out by evaluating the earthquake load as per the newly amended IS
1893:2002. The spectra for calculation of the spectral acceleration have been considered to be
the response spectra for the medium soil. For the main building components we have provided
pile foundation and for the entrance of the building shallow foundation has been provided
taking bearing capacity of the soil as 100 kN/m2 . For concrete design, newly amended IS 456-
2000 has been adopted. The response reduction factor has been considered to be 5.0 and as
such ductile detailing has been carried out. The grade of concrete in the design has been
considered to be M20 as per IS 456-2000 and HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415 conforming
to IS 1786 is used throughout. The design of beam, column and slab elements has been carried
out using the design aid to IS 456-2000, SP 16.

1.2.IMPOSED LOADS AND MATERIALS LOADS

For the purpose of computing the maximum stresses in any member or the structure, the
following loads are taken into account: (a) Dead load The weight of RCC and all the materials
are supported by it permanently. (b) Live loads These are the loads which are temporary i.e.
their point of application on the structure is not permanent, e.g goods stored in a room, furniture
and occupants of a building. (c) Seismic loads These are what we commonly called earthquake
loads. For computation of these loads and the forces that come along with it, the seismic
coefficient method is employed.

MATERIALS
(a) Cement
The cement used shall be Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) or rapid hardening cement
conforming to IS: 269 or any other approved type.
(b) Aggregate
All aggregate for concrete work should conform to either IS: 354 or IS: 515. The coarse
aggregate should be as large as possible but in no case larger than 1/4th of the
maximum thickness of a member, provided that the concrete can be placed without
difficulty so as to surround all reinforcement, as in the ribs of main beams. The nominal
size of the aggregate should be restricted to 5mm.

(c) Water
Water used for mixing concrete should be free of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic
matter or other substances that may be detrimental to concrete or steel or to both.
Portable water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing concrete.
(d) Reinforcement
All the reinforcement should be clean and free of rust, dust, grease, paint or other
coatings which are liable to affect bond formation.
(e) DPC The damp proof course (DPC) shall be 25mm thick.

14
1.3.SUPERSTRUCTURE
The superstructure shall be of 1st class brick work with 1:6 cement mortar lintels (RCC) over
doors and window openings.
FLOORING
25mm thick cement concrete topping in 1:2:4 (cement: coarse sand: coarse aggregate of 12mm
nominal size) finished with a coat of neat cement finish (base concrete to be paid separately)
to be laid in panels including curing as directed.
FINISHING
Inside and outside walls of the building shall be of 15mm (l: 6) and 10mm plastered
respectively and shall be white washed in 3 coats.

1.4.PLANNING OF BUILDING:

GENERAL PLANNING:
Apart from the fact that building must be designed and planned according to the functional
requirements. The basic principles have been enunciated on broad lines only and may be
applied to the problem on its industrial merits. These principles are not as rigid as laws of
nature. General planning is done with respect to some natural points around its location. It is
done according to its natural surrounding conditions such as geographical feature of the area
such as hilly, rocky or plains, climatic condition such as warm or cool, direction of the sun
rays, wind etc. before planning any type of structure of building the area should be surveyed
first and then the planning and designing is done according to the type of user favourable for
that area. More attentions should be taken in soil test in order to find the bearing capacity of
the soil if the foundation is heavy structure for multi-storeyed buildings. In addition, there are
certain principles of planning that should be regarded while planning a building. These aspects
are:
1. Aspects: It means the arrangement of opening like doors, windows, ventilators etc. It also
connected to the placement of different rooms of the

house in accordance with the activities of the occupants. Also connected with the view of the
building from inside towards outside means pleasing landscape.
2. Prospect: It is related to the view of the building from outside. It included taking full
advantage to the beauties of the nature in the landscape by revealing certain feature and also
providing decorative wall, doors, projected windows, porch, flower bed etc.
3. Furniture requirement: Furniture is the functional requirement of a room. It is interior
decoration of the building. There is no hard and fast rule to decide the furniture requirements
for a particular room, but it should be adequate to accommodate the normal needs of maximum
possible of persons who can use dwelling without crowding.
4. Roominess: This means the proportional dimension of various rooms in planning any type
of building, an Engineer deals with length, width and height. Maximum benefits should be
obtained from the minimum dimensions required for the functions expected to be achieved
through available space. If the length of the room exceeds 1.5 times the width, it will produce
a crompt effect. Again a square room is to found inconvenient compared to rectangular rooms
of the same area from the utility point of view. Hence length to width ratio should be in between
1.2 upto 1.5:1. For residential of hostel building, the ceiling height or floor to floor height
should be between 3.2 m to 3.6 m. For buildings such as clubs the ceiling height maybe lowered
to create closeness.
5. Grouping: It means rooms attached with consecutive activities. As for example, in
residential buildings, the W/C and Bath room should generally be attached with the master bed
room or between two bed rooms etc.

15
6. Circulation: Circulation in a building is most essential which may be divided into two part,
one is horizontal and the other is vertical, horizontal circulation should be achieved by
provisions of passages and corridors. Vertical circulation should be achieved between floors
by the judicious provisions of staircase and lifts.
7. Privacy: It can be divided into two parts: (i) Privacy of building from exterior. It may be
maintained surroundings and roads - Privacy can be attained by providing screen wall and by
planting of big trees. (ii) Privacy of rooms from interior. This can be obtained by placing of
opening at comers and rotations of shutters. Disposition of doors and windows greatly affect
interior privacy. Lobbies and screens also provide internal privacy.
8. Sanitation: It is related to hygienic condition of a building and healthy condition of human
living in the house. Water closet and bath room should be provided attached to be bed rooms.
These rooms may be placed on west side and the ceiling height may be lowered. One wall may
be exposed to air. 9. Elegance: Elegance is related to the effect provided by elevation which
depends on proper proportion of width, height of doors and windows, length of building and
also various rooms.
10. Economy: This is the consideration comes after the safety and comfort of the building.
Economy can be achieved by providing rooms of minimum

necessary dimensions, in minimum required area, simple design for doors and windows etc.
11. Flexibility: Present and future requirements of a family changes with the growth of the
children. Generally, kitchen and dining is combined in most of the houses. There may not be
any' separate guest room and it will be necessary to convert a living room into a guest room.
Furniture like sofa-cum bed easily help in achieving this flexibility.
12. Practical Consideration: It is related to the solution of real field problem. Besides all the
fundamentals of planning, some practical points should be additionally considered: Provision
for future extension. Strength, stability, convenience and comfort of the occupants should be
the first consideration in planning.
The elements of the building should be strong enough.
Area may at very high altitude. Elevations should be simple.
As far as possible lintels, chajjas, steps should be widely used for economic benefits.
The number of doors and windows should be minimum.
The place where the building is to be constructed should be not water-logged

1.5.ORIENTATION:

Orientation of the building is the next step after the selection of the site. Orientation means,
setting plan of the proposed building in such a manner and direction, that future occupants of
the building could enjoy whatever is good and avoid the bad from the natural elements, such
as sun, wind, rain and geographic features. In case of residential building, room should be
placed in such a way that they derive the maximum benefit from sun, air and nature at the same
time protected from their harmful effects. Placing of ventilation and windows should be on the
wind direction to receive fresh air. Improper orientation of buildings may cause discomfort.
Good orientation involves proper placement of rooms in relation to the sun, wind, rain,
'topography and outlook and at the same time providing a convenient access both to the street
and back yard. It is because of the surroundings of the site, proximity of streets and the other
factors, such as privacy and protection against the nuisance of noise, dust that a building has to
be oriented to face particular direction. Generally, S-SE-E-NE direction is preferable for a
building. While orientation of a building it should be marked that it allows neither excessive
nor deficient amount of amend light to enter the building. Therefore, efforts

should be taken to prevent, entrance of excessive light into the building. Generally, orientation
is done in planning building on the basis of three main, factors, these are:

16
i) Effect of Sun:

Because of the inclination of the axis of the earth, India receives more sun rays obliquely from
the Southern direction almost throughout the year. Therefore, in hot climatic status, living
rooms on the South and Western side should be protected by providing veranda, bath room,
store room, W/C and bath rooms etc. Verandah on the South can be eliminated by use of chajjas
or sun breakers and then Verandah may be provided on the East and West facing. The living
rooms, kitchen room, drawing room etc. should be placed as possible. Position of dining cum
kitchen which is in East direction, is approved as it will be receiving the morning welcome sun
rays. The rooms in the south and south-western sides should have chajja, sun shade, big trees
etc. in order to get better confrontation. Moreover, the heat of the sun can be reduced by silver
coating on the roof or slab of buildings. The aim of proper orientation must be to admit the
required amount of sunshine in the morning when it is very pleasant and the intensity of the
heat is less and to reduce its duration in the afternoon and evening when its rays are 'again
likely to enter in the house. Actually proper orientation of the building depends upon the
climatic condition of the region. In cold countries the reverse measures should be taken to
receive the maximum sun light into the living rooms such as bed rooms, drawing room, kitchen
room etc. The direction of such rooms depends upon the position of the sun is not uniform
throughout the surface of the earth.

ii) Effect of Wind:

The action of the wind and humidity may make the rooms hot and uncomfortable too if the
room is located unscientifically in a wrong direction. These conditions and actions prevail
generally in the coastal areas where highland and sea breezes occurs and heavy wind blows. It
is generally experienced that in spite of low and equal temperature of sea coast places a still
atmosphere which does not materially help evaporation, causes greater discomfort at those
places than comparatively high temperature in dry, arid plains, accompanied by a breeze.
Therefore, the bed rooms and the other living rooms which are generally occupied by night
must be located in South and Westdirection in order to derive the maximum comfort from the
breeze, since the direction of wind in summer is in between West and South. On the other hand,
the rooms which are usually occupied in day should be located whether in the North or in East
direction. Moreover, verandah and other screen wall may be provided in order to reduce the
action of wind. The winds of winter could be avoided and in summer it should be accepted in
the house to a maximum extent.

iii) Effect of rainfall:

Direction and intensity of rain falls effects the drainage of the site and hence useful from
orientation point of view. The regions where the rainfall is

maximum should be properly oriented in construction of the roof, slab and foundation. It is
better to adopt the roofs in trusses in suitable angle to overcome the rainfall nimbly. The slab
should be avoided as far as possible as there is likely to happen, seepage and leakage in the
slab. The plinth level should be sufficiently higher to sun flooding. Moreover OPC should be
applied in the plinth level in order to reduce the dampness through the action of capillarity.

17
1.6.DATA OF THE PROBLEM

The design data shall be as follows :

Live load As per IS:875(Part III)-1987

Location Guwahati
Depth of foundation below ground 2m
Type of soil Type II,medium as per IS 1893(Part I) 2002
Allowable soil bearing capacity 120 kN/m2
Storey height 3.3m
Floors GF + 3 upper floor

Material properties M20 grade concrete as per IS 456-2000

Fe415 HYSD reinforcement conforming to
IS 1786

18
 CHAPTER 2
BUILDING PLANNING

19
DIMENSIONS
1.Beam- 350mmx500 mm
2.Column-350mmx350mm
3.Wall thickness-125mm
4.Living room-4mx4m
5.Living room (main door)-2mx1.2m
6.Kitchen-2.5mx3.5m
7.Dining room-2mx2.5m
8.Common Toilet-2mx2.5m
9.Common Toilet(door)-2mx0.9m
10.Guest bedroom-2.5mx3m
11.Guest bedroom(door)-2mx1m
12.Bedroom-4mx4m
13.Bedroom(door)-2mx1m
14.Master bedroom-4mx3.5m
15.Master bedroom(door)-2mx1m
16.Toilet(within master bedroom)-1.5mx2m
17.Door for toilet(within master bedroom)-2mx0.8m
18.Balcony(beside master bedroom)-2.5mx1m
19.Balcony(beside Dining room)-2mx1m
20.Balcony doors-2mx1m
21.Staircase-(1.2+0.2+1.2)m
22.Windows height-1.2m
23.Balcony height-1.2m
24.Floor height-3.3m
25.Parapet wall-1.2m
26.Slab thickness-0.12m

20
2.1.SETBACK CALCULATIONS

Plot Area =41.9m×29.35m

=1229.765m²
=1230 m²(GMDAcl.24 c)
Widthofexisting road=7.5m (GMDA
cl 23)
Minimum open front space= 8.8 m (
GMDA cl 24 (i))
Rearandsidesetback =
4m(GMDAcl24(ii))
The building has a open space of
20.9m at the front.

Building height=13.2m
Aftersetbackdeductions,
Area =17.95m×21.35m
=383.2325 m²
Groundcoverage =383.2325m²/1230m²×100%
=31.157%(<50%)

Maximumbuilt-up area =4×383.2325

=1532.93m²
F.A.R =Maximumbuilt-uparea/plotsize
=1532.93/1230×100%
=124.62%<160%

Choosing of type of slab:

We know,
If in a slab,
(longer span)/(shorter span) < 2 (Two way Slab)
(longer span)/(shorter span) >= 2 ( One way Slab)

Therefore ,
4/3.5 =1.14 <2
Hence it will be a two way slab.

21
 21
.3
5

B ALC ONY
BALCO
Y
N B ALC ONY
BALCO
Y
N

D I N ING
M ASTER T OI LET R O OM
K ITC HEN
K ITC HEN
D I N ING C O M MON
T OI LET
B EDROOM R O OM T OI LET
C O M MON 2 .5 m X 3.5m 2 .5 m X 3.5m
T OI LET M ASTER
B EDROOM

0.3
5

L IV ING
R OOM G UEST

L IV ING 4 m X 4m B ED RO OM
G UEST
B EDROOM R OOM 2 .5 m X3m
BEDRO OM 2 .5 m X3m
4 m X 4m BEDRO OM

0.3
5

17
.9
5

0.3
5

BEDRO OM L IV ING
BEDRO OM
G UEST L IV ING G UEST
R OOM
B EDROOM R OOM B EDROOM
4 m X 4m
2 .5 m X3m 4 m X 4m 2 .5 m X3m

C O M MON C O M MON
1.0
5 M ASTER T OI LET T OI LET M ASTER
T OI LET T OI LET
B EDROOM B EDROOM
D I N ING K ITC HEN K ITC HEN D I N ING
R O OM R O OM
2 .5 m X 3.5m 2 .5 m X 3.5m

BALCO
Y
N
B ALC ONY BALCO
Y
N B ALC ONY
0.8
3

PLAN

Fig 1. Building plan

22
 Column Line Diagram

2 .50 4 .00 4 .00

2 .50
4 .00 4 .00

3 .50 3 .50

4 .00 4 .00

1 7 .60 2 .60 2 .60

4 .00 4 .00

3 .50

2 1 .00

C.L Front View

Fig 2. Column line diagram

23
Fig 3. Elevation diagram

24
 BALCO
Y
N
Y
N
O
C
L
A
B Y
N
O
C
L
A
B BALCO
Y
N

MASTE
R DI NIN
G KI TCH
N
E DI NIN
G COMMON TOI L
T
E
TOI L
T
E ROOM KI TCH
N
E
BEDROO
M COMMON 2.5mX3.5
m 2.5mX3.5
m ROOM TOI L
T
E
TOI L
T
E MASTE
R
BEDROO
M

0.3
5

L IV ING
R O OM GUEST
GUEST L IV ING 4m Xm
4 BEDROOM
B ED RO OM BEDROOM R O OM 2.5mX3
m
2.5mX3
m
4m X4
m B ED RO OM

0.3
5

B ED RO OM
B ED RO OM L IV ING
GUEST L IV ING GUEST
R O OM
BEDROOM 4m X4 m R O OM BEDROOM
2.5mX3
m
4m X4 m 2.5mX3
m

COMMON COMMON
1.5
0 MASTE
R TOI L
T
E TOI L
T
E MASTE
R
TOI L
T
E TOI L
T
E
BEDROO
M BEDROO
M
D
RION
OIN
G
M KI TCH
N
E KI TCH
N
E DI NIN
G
2.5mX3.5
m 2.5mX3
.5
m ROOM
Y
N
O
C
L
A
B
BALCO
Y
N 0.8
3 Y
N
O
C
L
A
B BALCO
Y
N

PLAN

T ot al P l ot A rea=1230sq.m
F l oor A rea Rat i o=(383. 2325*4*100)/1230
=124.5

25
Fig 4: Ground floor plan

26
 CHAPTER 3
GRAVITY LOAD ANALYSIS

27
 B1

A1 A A2

B2

A3 A4
B

B3

A5 A6
C

B4

A7 D A8

B5

A9 E A10

B6

3.1.CALCULATION:

Area A
Area A1= ½ * 1.75* 3.5= 3.0625m2
Area A= 3.0625*2= 6.125m2
Volume= 6.125*0.12= 0.735m3
Weight= 0.735*25KN/m3= 18.375KN
Slab= 18.375/3.5= 5.25KN/m
Beam=(C.S.A * L)*25/L
= (0.35*0.5)*25= 4.375KN/m

Total UDL= 9.625KN/m

28
Area B
Area A3= ½ * 2* 4= 4m2
Area B= 4*2= 8m2
Volume=8*0.12= 0.96m3
Weight= 0.96*25KN/m3= 24KN
Slab= 24/4= 6KN/m
Beam=(C.S.A * L)*25/L
= (0.35*0.5)*25= 4.375KN/m
Total UDL= 10.375KN/m

Area C
Area A5= ½ * 1.3* 2.6= 1.69m2
Area C= 1.69*2= 3.38m2
Volume=3.38*0.12= 0.4056m3
Weight= 0.4056*25KN/m3= 10.14KN
Slab= 10.14/2.6= 3.9KN/m
Beam=(C.S.A * L)*25/L
= (0.35*0.5)*25= 4.375KN

Total UDL=8.275KN/m

Area D
Area A7= ½ * 2* 4= 4m2
Area D= 4*2= 8m2
Volume=8*0.12= 0.96m3
Weight= 0.96*25KN/m3= 24KN
Slab= 6KN/m
Beam=4.375KN
Total UDL=10.375KN/m

Area E
Area A9= ½ * 1.75* 3.5= 3.0625m2
Area E= 3.0625*2= 6.125m2
Volume=0.735m3
Weight= 18.375KN
Slab= 5.25KN/m
Beam=4.375KN
Total UDL=9.625KN/m

29
 B1 B3 B9 B11
B5 B7

F B2' G B3' H I B5' J B6' K B7'

B1' B4'
B6 B8 B12
B2 B4 B10

Area F
Area B1= ½ * 2* 4= 4m2
Area B2= 1.75(4+0.5)/2= 3.9375m2
Area F= 4+3.9375=7.9375m2
Volume=7.9375*0.12=0.9525m3
Weight= 0.9525*25=23.8125KN
Slab= 23.8125/4= 5.9531KN/m
Beam=0.35*0.5*25=4.375KN/m
Total UDL=5.9531+4.375=10.3281KN/m

Area G
Volume=0.9525m3
Weight= 23.8125KN
Slab= 5.9531KN/m
Beam=4.375KN/m
Total UDL=10.3281kN/m

Area H
Area B5= ½*1.25*2.5=1.5625m2
Area H= 1.5625*2=3.125m2
Volume=3.125*0.12=0.375m3
Weight= 0.375*25=9.375KN
Slab= 9.375/2.5= 3.75KN/m
Beam=0.35*0.5*25=4.375KN/m
Total UDL=8.125KN/m

Area I
Area I=3.125m2
Volume=0.375m3
Weight= 9.375KN
Slab= 3.75KN/m
Beam=4.375KN/m
Total UDL=8.125KN/m

30
Area J
Area J=7.9375m2
Volume=0.9525m3
Weight= 23.8125KN
Slab= 5.9531KN/m
Beam=4.375KN/m
Total UDL=10.3281KN/m

Area K
Area K=7.9375m2
Volume=0.9525m3
Weight= 23.8125KN
Slab= 5.9531KN/m
Beam=4.375KN/m
Total UDL=10.3281KN/m

Area Occupied by the building, A= (21.35*17.95)m2= 383.2325m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR)=( 383.2325*4*100)/A
A= (383.2325*4*100)/125

31
D.L UDL= Slab+Beam+Floor finish
Floor finish= (A1+A2)*1KN/m2/Lbeam

For B1B2

Floor finish= (3.0625+3.0625)*1/3.5= 1.75KN/m

Total D.L= 5.25+4.375+1.75=11.375KN/m

For B2B3

Floor finish= (4+4)*1/4= 2KN/m

Total D.L= 6+4.375+2=12.375KN/m

For B3B4

Floor finish= (1.69+1.69)*1/2.6= 1.3KN/m

Total D.L= 3.9+4.375+1.3=9.575KN/m

For B4B5

Floor finish= (4+4)*1/4= 2KN/m

Total D.L= 6+4.375+2=12.375KN/m

For B5B6

Floor finish= (3.0625+3.0625)*1/3.5= 1.75KN/m

Total D.L= 5.25+4.375+1.75=11.375KN/m

For Floors
L.L UDL= (A1+A2)*2/Lbeam

For B1B2

L.L=(3.0625+3.0625)*2/3.5=3.5KN/m

For B2B3

L.L=(4+4)*2/4=4KN/m

For B3B4

L.L=(1.69+1.69)*2/2.6=2.6KN/m
For B4B5

L.L=(4+4)*2/4=4KN/m

For B5B6

32
L.L=(3.0625+3.0625)*2/3.5=3.5KN/m

For Roof
L.L= (A1+A2)*1.5/LB1B2

For B1B2
L.L=(3.0625+3.0625)*1.5/3.5= 2.625KN/m

For B1B2

L.L=(3.0625+3.0625)*1.5/3.5= 2.625KN/m

For B2B3

L.L=(4+4)*1.5/4= 3KN/m

For B3B4

L.L=(1.69+1.69)*1.5/2.6= 1.95KN/m

For B4B5

L.L=(4+4)*1.5/4= 3KN/m

For B5B6

L.L=(3.0625+3.0625)*1.5/3.5= 2.625KN/m

D.L= Slab+Beam+Floor finish

Floor finish=(A1+A2)*1KN/m2/Lbeam

ForB/1B/2

Floor finish= (4+3.9375)*1/4= 1.984KN/m

D.L=5.9531+17.5+1.984= 25.4371KN/m

ForB/2B/3

Floor finish= (4+3.9375)*1/4= 1.984KN/m

D.L=5.9531+17.5+1.984= 25.4371KN/m

ForB/3B/4

Floor finish= (1.5625+1.5625)*1/2.5= 1.25KN/m

D.L=14.6875+1.25= 15.9375KN/m

33
ForB/4B/5

Floor finish= (1.5625+1.5625)*1/2.5= 1.25KN/m

D.L=14.6875+1.25= 15.9375KN/m

ForB/5B/6

Floor finish= (4+3.9375)*1/4= 1.984KN/m

D.L=5.9531+17.5+1.984= 25.4371KN/m

ForB/6B/7

Floor finish= (4+3.9375)*1/4= 1.984KN/m

D.L=5.9531+17.5+1.984= 25.4371KN/m

L.L= (A1+A2)*2/Lbeam

ForB/1B/2
L.L= (4+3.9375)*2/4=3.96875KN/m

ForB/2B/3
L.L= (4+3.9375)*2/4=3.96875KN/m

ForB/3B/4
L.L= (1.5625+1.5625)*2/2.5=2.5KN/m

ForB/4B/5
L.L= 2.5KN/m

ForB/5B/6
L.L= (4+3.9375)*2/4=3.96875KN/m

ForB/6B/7
L.L= (4+3.9375)*2/4=3.96875KN/m

For Roof
L.L=(A1+A2)*1.5/LB1/B2/

For B/1B/2
L.L= (4+3.9375)*1.5/4=2.9765KN/m

For B/2B/3
L.L= (4+3.9375)*1.5/4=2.9765KN/m

For B/3B/4
L.L= (1.5625+1.5625)*1.5/2.5=1.875KN/m

34
For B/4B/5
L.L= 1.875KN/m

For B/5B/6
L.L= (4+3.9375)*1.5/4=2.9765KN/m

For B/6B/7
L.L= (4+3.9375)*1.5/4=2.9765KN/m

35
Dead load Front View

Fig 5. Dead load front view

36
Live load front view

Fig 6. Live load front view

37
Dead load side view

Fig 7 Dead load side view

38
Live load side view

Fig 8. Live load side view

39
 CHAPTER 4
CALCULATION OF FIXED END MOMENT

40
4.1.CALCULATIONS OF MOMENTS:
Side view
Live loads
(Roof)

For B1B2
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.625*3.52/12= 2.679KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 2.625*3.52/8= 4.019KNm

For B2B3
FEM= Wl2/12= 3*42/12= 4KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 3*42/8= 6KNm

For B3B4
FEM= Wl2/12= 1.95*2.62/12= 1.098KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 1.95*2.62/8= 1.647KNm

For B4B5
FEM= Wl2/12= 3*42/12= 4KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 3*42/8= 6KNm

For B5B6
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.625*3.52/12= 2.679KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 2.625*3.52/8= 4.019KNm

For Floors:
For B1B2
FEM= Wl2/12= 3.5*3.52/12= 3.572KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 3.5*3.52/8= 5.359KNm

For B2B3
FEM= Wl2/12= 4*42/12= 5.33KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 4*42/8= 8KNm

For B3B4
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.6*2.62/12= 1.464KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 2.6*2.62/8=2.197KNm

For B4B5
FEM= Wl2/12= 5.33KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 8KNm

41
For B5B6
FEM= Wl2/12=3.572KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 5.359KNm

DEAD LOAD
(Floors)

For B1B2
FEM= Wl2/12= 11.375*3.52/12= 11.61KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 11.375*3.52/8= 17.417KNm

For B2B3
FEM= Wl2/12= 12.375*42/12= 16.5KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 12.375*42/8= 24.75KNm

For B3B4
FEM= Wl2/12= 9.575*2.62/12= 5.39KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 9.575*2.62/8= 8.090KNm

For B4B5
FEM= Wl2/12= 12.375*42/12=16.5KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 12.375*42/8= 24.75KNm

For B5B6
FEM= Wl2/12=11.61KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 17.417KNm

FOR DEAD LOAD (Front view)

For B1 /B2 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 25.43*42/12= 33.90KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 25.43*42/8= 50.86KNm

ForB2 /B3 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 25.43*42/12= 33.90KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 25.43*42/8= 50.86KNm

For B3 /B4 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 15.93*2.52/12= 8.29KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 12.44KNm

For B4 /B5 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 8.29KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 12.44KNm

For B5 /B6 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 25.43*42/12= 33.90KNm

42
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 25.43*42/8= 50.86KNm

For B6 /B7/
FEM= Wl2/12= 25.43*42/12= 33.90KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 25.43*42/8= 50.86KNm

FOR LIVE LOAD:

For roof:

For B1 /B2 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.97*42/12= 3.96KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 2.97*42/8= 5.94KNm

For B2 /B3 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 3.96KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 2.97*42/8= 5.94KNm

For B3 /B4 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 1.87*2.52/12= 0.97KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 1.46KNm

For B4 /B5 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 1.87*2.52/12= 0.97KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 1.46KNm

For B5 /B6 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.97*42/12= 3.96KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 5.94KNm

For B6 /B7/
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.97*42/12= 3.96KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 5.94KNm

43
For floors(Front view)

For B1 /B2 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 3.96*42/12= 5.28KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 3.96*42/8= 7.92KNm

For B2 /B3 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 3.96*42/12=5.28KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 3.96*42/8= 7.92KNm

For B3 /B4 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.5*2.52/12= 1.3KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 1.95KNm

For B4 /B5 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 2.5*2.52/12= 1.3KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 1.95KNm

For B5 /B6 /
FEM= Wl2/12= 3.96*42/12= 5.28KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 7.92KNm

For B6 /B7/
FEM= Wl2/12= 5.28KNm
Mid span moment= Wl2/8= 7.92KNm

44
 CHAPTER 5
CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION
FACTOR AND MOMENT DISTRIBUTION

45
5.1.Calculation of DF:
Table 1

DF =
LEVEL JOINT MEMBER L (m) I (m^4) K = I/L ΣK K/ΣK CHECK
BEAM B1B2 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.733

B1 1
0.001421
COLUMN B1B2(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.267
BEAM B2B3 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.391
B2 COLUMN B2B3(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.002332 0.162 1.000134
BEAM B2B1 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.447
BEAM B3B4 2.6 0.003646 0.001402 0.521
4 B3 COLUMN B3B4(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.002693 0.141 1
(ROOF) BEAM B3B2 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.339
BEAM B4B5 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.339
B4 COLUMN B4B5(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.002693 0.141 1
BEAM B4B3 2.6 0.003646 0.001402 0.521
BEAM B5B6 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.447
B5 COLUMN B5B6(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.002332 0.162 1
BEAM B5B4 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.391
BEAM B6B5 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.733
B6 0.001421 1
COLUMN B5B6(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.267

DF =
LEVEL JOINT MEMBER L (m) I (m^4) K = I/L ΣK K/ΣK CHECK
COLUMN B1B2(U) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.211
COLUMN B1B2(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.211
B1 1
0.001799
BEAM B1B2 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.579
BEAM B2B3 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.336
COLUMN B2B3(U) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.140
B2 0.002711 1
COLUMN B2B3(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.140
BEAM B2B1 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.384
1, 2, BEAM B3B4 2.6 0.003646 0.001402 0.457
3 COLUMN B3B4(U) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.123
B3 0.003071 1
COLUMN B3B4(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.123
BEAM B3B2 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.297
BEAM B4B5 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.297
COLUMN B4B5(U) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.123
B4 0.003071 1
COLUMN B4B5(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.123
BEAM B4B3 2.6 0.003646 0.001402 0.457
BEAM B5B6 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.384
B5 0.002711 1
COLUMN B5B6(U) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.140

46
 COLUMN B5B6(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.140
BEAM B5B4 4 0.003646 0.000912 0.336
BEAM B6B5 3.5 0.003646 0.001042 0.579
B6 COLUMN B6B5(U) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.001799 0.211 1
COLUMN B6B5(L) 3.3 0.00125 0.000379 0.211
Live load FOR ROOF LEVEL
JOINT B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
SPAN B1B2 B2B1 B2B3 B3B2 B3B4 B4B3 B4B5 B5B4 B5B6 B6B5

DF 0.733 0.447 0.391 0.339 0.521 0.521 0.33900 0.3910 0.447 0.733
00 00 00 00 00 00 0 00 00
FEM - 2.679 - 4.000 - 1.098 -4.00000 4.0000 - 2.679
2.679 00 4.000 00 1.098 00 0 2.679 00
00 00 00 00
DM 1.963 0.590 0.516 - - 1.511 0.983778 - - -
71 49 51 0.983 1.511 94 0.5165 0.590 1.963
78 94 1 49 71
COM 0.295 0.981 - 0.258 0.755 - - 0.4918 - -
24 85 0.491 26 97 0.755 0.258255 89 0.981 0.295
89 97 5 85 24
DM - - - - - 0.528 0.34382 0.1915 0.219 0.216
0.216 0.219 0.191 0.343 0.528 41 8 01 41
41 01 58 82 41
COM - - - - 0.264 - 0.09579 0.1719 0.108 0.109
0.109 0.108 0.171 0.095 21 0.264 1 21 51
51 21 91 79 21
DM 0.080 0.125 0.109 - - 0.087 0.057093 - - -
27 21 53 0.057 0.087 75 683 0.1095 0.125 0.080
09 75 3 21 27
COM 0.062 0.040 - 0.054 0.043 - - 0.0285 - -
61 13 0.028 76 87 0.043 0.054763 47 0.040 0.062
55 87 095 13 61
DM - - - - - 0.051 0.033437 0.0045 0.005 0.045
0.045 0.005 0.004 0.033 0.051 39 594 31 18 89
89 18 53 44 39
∑Supp - 4.084 - 2.799 - 2.213 -2.79910 4.2624 - 0.648
ort 0.648 29 4.262 10 2.213 44 2 4.084 99
mome 99 42 44 29
nts
Free 0.648 4.084 4.262 2.799 2.213 2.213 2.79910 4.2624 4.084 0.648
End 99 29 42 10 44 44 2 29 99
mome
nt
Free 4.01953 6 1.6562 6 4.01953
Mid-
Span
mome
nt
design 1.6083575 2.6601875 -0.85007 2.46924 1.615495
mid
span
mome
nt

47
Moment Distribution
Table 2

Live load FOR FLOOR LEVEL

JOINT B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
SPAN B1B2 B2B1 B2B3 B3B2 B3B4 B4B3 B4B5 B5B4 B5B6 B6B5
DF 0.579 0.384 0.336 0.297 0.457 0.457 0.29700 0.336 0.384 0.579
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
FEM - 3.572 - 5.330 - 1.464 -5.33000 5.330 - 3.572
3.572 00 5.330 00 1.464 00 00 3.572 00
00 00 00 00
DM 2.068 0.675 0.590 - - 1.766 1.14820 - - -
19 07 69 1.148 1.766 76 2 0.590 0.675 2.068
20 76 69 07 19
COM 0.337 1.034 - 0.295 0.883 - - 0.574 - -
54 09 0.574 34 38 0.883 0.29534 101 1.034 0.337
10 38 4 09 54
DM - - - - - 0.538 0.35008 0.154 0.176 0.195
0.195 0.176 0.154 0.350 0.538 68 56 64 43
43 64 56 08 68
COM - - - - 0.269 - 0.07728 0.175 0.097 0.088
0.088 0.097 0.175 0.077 34 0.269 04 72 32
32 72 04 28 34
DM 0.051 0.104 0.091 - - 0.087 0.05704 - - -
14 74 65 0.057 0.087 77 1772 0.091 0.104 0.051
04 77 65 74 14
COM 0.052 0.025 - 0.045 0.043 - - 0.028 - -
37 57 0.028 82 89 0.043 0.04582 521 0.025 0.052
52 89 3232 57 37
DM - 0.001 0.000 - - 0.041 0.02664 - - 0.030
0.030 13 99 0.026 0.041 00 3545 0.000 0.001 322
32 64 00 99 13
∑Supp - 5.138 - 4.011 - 2.701 -4.01192 5.578 - 1.376
ort 1.376 25 5.578 92 2.701 60 89 5.138 84
mome 84 89 60 25
nts
Free 1.376 5.138 5.578 4.011 2.701 2.701 4.01192 5.578 5.138 1.376
End 84 25 89 92 60 60 89 25 84
mome
nt
Free 5.359 8 2.197 8 5.359
Mid-
Span
mome
nt
design 2.10132 3.20459 -0.5046 3.20459 2.10145
mid
span
mome
nt

48
 Table 3 Moment distribution
Dead load for floor level
JOINT B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
SPAN B1B2 B2B1 B2B3 B3B2 B3B B4B B4B5 B5B4 B5B6 B6B5
4 3
DF 0.579 0.384 0.336 0.297 0.45 0.45 0.29700 0.336 0.384 0.579
00 00 00 00 700 700 00 00 00
FEM - 11.61 - 16.50 - 5.39 - 16.50 - 11.61
11.61 000 16.50 000 5.39 000 16.5000 000 11.61 000
000 000 000 0 000
DM 6.722 1.877 1.643 - - 5.07 3.29967 - - -
19 76 04 3.299 5.07 727 1.643 1.877 6.722
67 727 04 76 19
COM 0.938 3.361 - 0.821 2.53 - - 1.649 - -
88 10 1.649 52 864 2.53 0.82152 835 3.361 0.938
84 864 095 88
DM - - - - - 1.53 0.99797 0.574 0.657 0.543
0.543 0.657 0.574 0.997 1.53 559 98 12 61
61 12 98 97 559
COM - - - - 0.76 - 0.28749 0.498 0.271 0.328
0.328 0.271 0.498 0.287 780 0.76 98 81 56
56 81 98 49 780
DM 0.190 0.295 0.258 - - 0.21 0.14265 - - -
24 98 99 0.142 0.21 950 021 0.258 0.295 0.190
65 950 99 983 24
COM 0.147 0.095 - 0.129 0.10 - - 0.071 - -
99 12 0.071 49 975 0.10 0.12949 325 0.095 0.147
33 975 2515 119 99
DM - - - - - 0.10 0.07105 0.007 0.009 0.085
0.085 0.009 0.007 0.071 0.10 933 485 995 137 687
69 14 99 05 933

∑Support - 16.30 - 12.65 - 8.91 - 17.40 - 4.568

moments 4.568 189 17.40 218 8.91 551 12.6521 110 16.30 56
56 110 551 8 189
Free Mid- 17.41 24.75 8.09 24.75 17.417
Span
moment
Design mid 6.974775 9.72336 -0.82551 9.72341 6.981775
span
moment

49
Dead load roof level
JOINT B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
SPAN B1B2 B2B1 B2B3 B3B2 B3B4 B4B B4B5 B5B4 B5B6 B6B5
3
DF 0.733 0.447 0.391 0.339 0.521 0.52 0.33900 0.391 0.447 0.733
00 00 00 00 00 100 00 00 00
FEM - 11.61 - 16.50 - 5.39 - 16.50 - 11.61
11.61 000 16.50 000 5.390 000 16.5000 000 11.61 000
000 000 00 0 000
DM 8.510 2.185 1.911 - - 5.78 3.76629 - - -
13 83 99 3.766 5.788 831 1.911 2.185 8.510
29 31 99 83 13
COM 1.092 4.255 - 0.956 2.894 - - 1.883 - -
92 07 1.883 00 16 2.89 0.95599 145 4.255 1.092
15 416 5 065 92
DM - - - - - 2.00 1.30520 0.927 1.060 0.801
0.801 1.060 0.927 1.305 2.005 593 42 25 11
11 25 42 20 93
COM - - - - 1.002 - 0.46371 0.652 0.400 0.530
0.530 0.400 0.652 0.463 96 1.00 60 55 12
12 55 60 71 296
DM 0.388 0.470 0.411 - - 0.28 0.18280 - - -
58 76 78 0.182 0.280 095 7009 0.411 0.470 0.388
81 95 78 76 58
COM 0.235 0.194 - 0.205 0.140 - - 0.091 - -
38 29 0.091 89 48 0.14 0.20589 404 0.194 0.235
40 048 1563 29 38
DM - - - - - 0.18 0.11741 0.040 0.045 0.172
0.172 0.045 0.040 0.117 0.180 046 8466 229 99 533
53 99 23 42 46
COM - - - - - 0.05 0.09023 0.023 0.020 0.023
0.023 0.086 0.058 0.090 0.058 871 00 11 00
00 27 71 23 71
DM 0.016 0.064 0.056 0.050 0.077 - - - - -
856 804 686 49 597 0.07 0.05048 0.016 0.019 0.016
76 994 86 27 86
COM 0.032 0.008 0.025 0.028 - 0.03 - - - -
40 43 24 34 0.038 880 0.00843 0.025 0.008 0.009
80 24 428 64
DM - - - 0.003 0.005 - - 0.013 0.015 0.007
0.023 0.015 0.013 544 447 0.01 0.01029 166 052 062
75 05 166 582 5559
∑ Support - 17.18 - 11.81 - 9.61 - 17.76 - 2.890
moment 2.884 107 17.76 861 9.622 214 11.8054 509 17.20 33
25 097 52 4 168
Free mid 17.41700 24.75000 8.09000 24.75 14.417
span
moment
Design 7.38434 9.96021 -1.52733 9.964735 4.370995
mid span
moment

50
 CHAPTER 6
CALCULATION OF BEAM SHEAR FORCE

51
6.1. Shear forcein beam is calculated using the formula below
𝐖𝐝𝐋 𝐍𝐄𝐌−𝐅𝐄𝐌
SF= +
𝟐 𝐋

Where Wd = Total load, L= Length,

NEM= Near End Moment
FEM= Far End Moment
Table 4 Shaer force for live load

Live load for ROOF LEVEL

SHEAR
SHEAR AT
LEFT RIGHT AT LEFT RIGHT
LEVEL BEAM SPAN LOAD MOMENT MOMENT END END
B1B2 3.5 2.625 0.64899 4.08429 3.612236 5.575264
B2B3 4 3 4.26242 2.7991 6.36583 5.63417
ROOF B3B4 2.6 1.95 2.21344 2.21344 2.535 2.535
B4B5 4 3 2.7991 4.26242 5.63417 6.36583
B5B6 3.5 2.625 4.08429 0.64899 5.575264 3.612236

Live load for FLOOR LEVEL

SHEAR
SHEAR AT
LEFT RIGHT AT LEFT RIGHT
LEVEL BEAM SPAN LOAD MOMENT MOMENT END END
B1B2 3.5 3.5 1.37684 5.13825 5.050311 7.199689
B2B3 4 4 5.57889 4.01192 8.391743 7.608258
FLOOR B3B4 2.6 2.6 2.7016 2.7016 3.38 3.38
B4B5 4 4 4.01192 5.57889 7.608258 8.391743
B5B6 3.5 3.5 5.13825 1.37684 7.199689 5.050311

52
 Table 5 Shear force for dead load

Dead load for ROOF LEVEL

SHEAR
SHEAR AT
LEFT RIGHT AT LEFT RIGHT
LEVEL BEAM SPAN LOAD MOMENT MOMENT END END
B1B2 3.5 11.375 2.88425 17.18107 15.82144 23.99106
B2B3 4 12.375 17.76097 11.81861 26.23559 23.26441
B3B4 2.6 9.575 9.62252 9.61214 12.45149 12.44351
B4B5 4 12.375 11.80544 17.76509 23.26009 26.23991
B5B6 3.5 11.375 17.20168 2.89033 23.99521 15.81729

Dead load for FLOOR LEVEL

SHEAR
SHEAR AT
LEFT RIGHT AT LEFT RIGHT
LEVEL BEAM SPAN LOAD MOMENT MOMENT END END
B1B2 3.5 11.375 4.56856 16.30189 16.55387 23.25863
B2B3 4 12.375 17.4011 12.65218 25.93723 23.56277
B3B4 2.6 9.575 8.91551 8.91551 12.4475 12.4475
B4B5 4 12.375 12.65218 17.4011 23.56277 25.93723
B5B6 3.5 11.375 16.30189 4.56856 23.25863 16.55387

53
54
Live Load

55
56
Fig 9: BMD and SFD

57
6.2.Moment Distribution for columns:
Table 6

For column Dead load

58
 For Column live Load

Calculation of Moment Distribution for column ar Floor level(LL) for shorter frame

Joint B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
DF 0.211 0.14 0.123 0.123 0.14 0.211
FEM -3.572 3.572 -5.33 5.33 -1.464 1.464 -5.33 5.33 -3.572 3.572
COM 0.33754 1.03409 -0.5741 0.29534 0.88338 -0.88338 -0.29534 0.574101 -1.03409 -0.33754
COM -0.08832 -0.09772 -0.17504 -0.07728 0.26934 -0.26934 0.07728 0.17504 0.09772 0.08832
COM 0.05237 0.02557 -0.02852 0.04582 0.04389 -0.04389 -0.04582 0.02852 -0.02557 -0.05237
∑FEM+ ∑COM -3.27041 4.53394 -6.10766 5.59388 -0.26739 0.26739 -5.59388 6.107661 -4.53394 3.27041
Column at top 0.690057 0.2203208 -0.65515827 0.65515827 -0.22032094 -0.69006
Column at buttom 0.69006 0.2203208 -0.65515827 0.65515827 -0.22032094 -0.69006

59
 CHAPTER 7
CALCULATION OF COLUMN AXIAL

60
7.1.Column Axial

Fig 10 Column axi

61
 Table 7: Column Axial Tables

Calculation of column axial along shorter span

Due to Dead Load at typical level

Dead Self wt. of Column

Column Member Span,L(m) WL/2 Total load
load,W(kN/m) column(kN) axial(kN)
B1A1 12.3121 4 24.6242
B1-B1 B1C1 12.3121 4 24.6242 88.295275
B1B2 22.3125 3.5 39.04688 98.40128
B2A2 12.3121 4 24.6242
B2C2 12.3121 4 24.6242
B2-B2 138.695275
B2B3 25.2 4 50.4
B2B1 22.3125 3.5 39.04688 148.8013
B3A3 12.3121 4 24.6242
B3C3 12.3121 4 24.6242
B3-B3 121.1959
B3B4 16.575 2.6 21.5475
B3B2 25.2 4 50.4 131.3019
10.106
B4A4 12.3121 4 24.6242
B4C4 12.3121 4 24.6242
B4-B4 121.1959
B4B5 25.2 4 50.4
B4B3 16.575 2.6 21.5475 131.3019
B5A5 12.3121 4 24.6242
B5C5 12.3121 4 24.6242
B5-B5 138.695275
B5B6 22.3125 3.5 39.04688
B5B4 25.2 4 50.4 148.8013
B6A6 12.3121 4 24.6242
B6-B6 B6C6 12.3121 4 24.6242 88.295275
B6B5 22.3125 3.5 39.04688 98.40128

62
 Column
COLUMNaxial
AXIAL
Dead
FORload
ROOF
Roof
LEVEL (dead load)
SELF WEIGHT COLUMN
COLUMN MEMBER DEAD LOAD SPAN WL/2 TOTAL LOAD OF COLUMN AXIAL
B1A1 12.3121 4 24.6242
B1B1 B1C1 12.3121 4 24.6242 88.295275 98.40128
B1B2 22.3125 3.5 39.046875
B2A2 12.3121 4 24.6242
B2C2 12.3121 4 24.6242
B2B2 138.695275 148.8013
B2B3 25.2 4 50.4
B2B1 22.3125 3.5 39.046875
B3A3 12.3121 4 24.6242
B3C3 12.3121 4 24.6242
B3B3 121.1959 131.3019
B3B4 16.575 2.6 21.5475
B3B2 25.2 4 50.4
10.106
B4A4 12.3121 4 24.6242
B4C4 12.3121 4 24.6242
B4B4 121.1959 131.3019
B4B5 25.2 4 50.4
B4B3 16.575 2.6 21.5475
B5A5 12.3121 4 24.6242
B5C5 12.3121 4 24.6242
B5B5 138.695275 148.8013
B5B6 22.3125 3.5 39.046875
B5B4 25.2 4 50.4
B6A6 12.3121 4 24.6242
B6B6 B6C6 12.3121 4 24.6242 88.295275 98.40128
B6B5 22.3125 3.5 39.046875

63
 Calculation of column axial along shorter span

Due to Live Load at typical level

Live Self wt. of Column

Column Member Span,L(m) WL/2 Total load
load,W(kN/m) column(kN) axial(kN)
B1A1 3.968 4 7.936
B1-B1 B1C1 3.968 4 7.936 21.997
B1B2 3.5 3.5 6.125 32.103
B2A2 3.968 4 7.936
B2C2 3.968 4 7.936
B2-B2 29.997
B2B3 4 4 8
B2B1 3.5 3.5 6.125 40.103
B3A3 3.968 4 7.936
B3C3 3.968 4 7.936
B3-B3 27.252
B3B4 2.6 2.6 3.38
B3B2 4 4 8 37.358
10.106
B4A4 3.968 4 7.936
B4C4 3.968 4 7.936
B4-B4 27.252
B4B5 4 4 8
B4B3 2.6 2.6 3.38 37.358
B5A5 3.968 4 7.936
B5C5 3.968 4 7.936
B5-B5 29.997
B5B6 3.5 3.5 6.125
B5B4 4 4 8 40.103
B6A6 3.968 4 7.936
B6-B6 B6C6 3.968 4 7.936 21.997
B6B5 3.5 3.5 6.125 32.103

64
 COLUMN AXIAL FOR ROOF LEVEL (Live load)
SELF WEIGHT OF COLUMN
10 COLUMN MEMBER DEAD LOAD SPAN WL/2 TOTAL LOAD COLUMN AXIAL
B1A1 2.976 4 5.952
B1B1 B1C1 2.976 4 5.952 16.49775 26.60375
B1B2 2.625 3.5 4.59375
B2A2 2.976 4 5.952
B2C2 2.976 4 5.952
B2B2 22.49775 32.60375
B2B3 3 4 6
B2B1 2.625 3.5 4.59375
B3A3 2.976 4 5.952
B3C3 2.976 4 5.952
B3B3 20.439 30.545
B3B4 1.95 2.6 2.535
B3B2 3 4 6
10.106
B4A4 2.976 4 5.952
B4C4 2.976 4 5.952
B4B4 20.439 30.545
B4B5 3 4 6
B4B3 1.95 2.6 2.535
B5A5 2.976 4 5.952
B5C5 2.976 4 5.952
B5B5 22.49775 32.60375
B5B6 2.625 3.5 4.59375
B5B4 3 4 6
B6A6 2.976 4 5.952
B6B6 B6C6 2.976 4 5.952 16.49775 26.60375
B6B5 2.625 3.5 4.59375

65
Fig 11: Column axial diagram

66
 CHAPTER 8
SEISMIC ANALYSIS

67
8.1.SEISMIC ANALYSIS

Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a
building structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design, earthquake
engineering or structural assessment and retrofit in regions where earthquakes are prevalent .
Since earthquake forces are random in nature and unpredictable, the static and dynamic
analysis of the structures have become the primary concern of civil engineers.
The main parameters of the seismic analysis of structures are load carrying capacity, ductility,
stiffness, damping and mass.
The project work being the design of a residential building Guwahati, which lies in Zone V
necessitates rigorous seismic analysis for proper subsequent designing and detailing. In this
regard the various clauses of IS: 1893(part 1) -2016 are followed.

68
69
8.2.LOAD CALCULATION FOR W4
8.2.1.(A) DEAD LOAD
(1) DL from slab = Base x Length x Slab thickness x Unit weight of concrete
=4 x 17.6 x 0.12 x 25 = 211.2kN

(2) DL from longitudinal beam =Beam dimension x Length x Unit weight of concrete
=0.35 x 0.5 x (17.6-0.35 x 5) x 25 = 69.34kN

(3) DL from transverse beam =(6 x (4-0.35)) x 0.35x 0.5 x 25 = 95.81kN

4) DL from parapet walls =No. of parapet wall x Height x Length x Parapet thickness x Unit
wt. of brick wall =2 x (1.2 x 4 x 0.125 x 20 ) = 24kN

(5) DL from column = Column dimension x Height x Unit wt.of concrete x no. of columns
= 0.35 x 0.35 x ( 3.3 /2) x 25 x 6
=30.31kN
(6) DL from walls = (Base+(no.of beams x length))x Height x Thicknessx unit wt. of brick
wall
=17.6 + (6 x 4) {3.3/2 } {0.125} {20} = 116.6 kN

(7) Floor Finish @ 1kN/m2 = Base x Length x 1

=4 x 17.6 x 1 = 70.4kN

8.2.2.(B) LIVE LOAD

2. LL from intermediate floors = 0 (as per IS 1893 part 1, 2002 cl.

7.3.1)

Weight , W4= 617.66 kN

8.3.LOAD CALCULATION FOR W3 , W2 ,W1

8.3.1.(A) DEAD LOAD

(1) DL from slab = 4 x 17.6 x 0.12 x 25 = 211.2 kN
(2) DL from longitudinal beam = (17.6-5x0.35) x 0.35 x 0.5 x 25 = 69.34kN
(3) DL from transverse beam = (6 x (4-0.35))x 0.35 x 0.5 x 25) = 95.81kN
(4) DL from column = 6 x (0.35 x 0.35 x ( 3.3 ) x 25 = 60.63kN
(5) DL from walls = 17.6+ (6 x 4) {3.3}{0.125} {20} = 215.6 kN
(6) Finish @ 1kn/m2 = 17.6 x 4 x 1 = 70.4kN

8.3.2.(B) LIVE LOAD

2. LL from intermediate floors = 2 x (17.6 x 4 x 0.25) = 35.2 kN

Weight , W3 = 758.18kN
Weight , W2= 758.18kN

70
Weight , W1=758.18kN

8.4.LOAD CALCULATION FOR W0

(1) DL from longitudinal beam =(17.6-5x0.35) x 0.35 x 0.5 x 25=69.34kN

(2) DL from transverse beam = 6 x (4-0.35) x 0.35 x 0.5 x 25 = 95.81kN
(3) DL from column = 6 x (0.35 x 0.35 x (3.3 /2) x 25 = 30.31kN
(4) Finish @ 1kN/m2 = 17.6 x 4 x 1 = 70.4kN
(5) LL from ground floor = 0 kN

Weight , W0 = 265.86 kN

Therefore, W = W4 + W3 + W2 + W1 + W0 =3158.06 kN

8.5.CALCULATION OF BASE SHEAR FOR SHORTER FRAME

Design Seismic Base Shear,

Vb = Ah x W [Cl 7.6.1,Page 21]

where Ah= design horizontal acceleration coefficient

W= total seismic weight of the building
z Sa
( )( )
2 g
Ah= [Cl 6.4.2,Page 9]
R/I

Where, Z=Zone factor for Guwahati(Zone V)

I= Importance factor
R= Response reduction factor
Sa/g= Design acceleration coefficient for different soil types

0.09h
T= √𝑑 [Cl 7.6.2]
= 0.28s

At medium soil site for building of T= 0.28s

Sa/g= 2.5
Z= 0.36 [Cl 6.4.2] Table 3(Zone V)[IS 1893 Part 1-2016]
I= 1.2 for residential building (Table 8) [ Cl 7.2.3]
R= 5 for RC building (SMRF) (Table 9, Cl 7.2.6]
Ah= 0.11
Vb= 0.11 x 3158.06=347.38kN

ho=2m
h1= 5.3m
h2= 5.3+3.3= 8.6m
h3= 8.6+3.3= 11.9m
h4=11.9+3.3= 15.2m

71
Table 8: Seismic Load Distribution

Q0 =1.124kN

Q1= Vb {( W1h12)/ (W 0 h 0 2 +W1h12+W2h22+W3h32+W4h42)}

=22.52kN

Q2=59.29kN
Q3=113.53kN
Q4= 150.90kN

Therefore,
Q0+Q1+Q2 +Q3 +Q4 = 347.38kN= Vb[CHECK]

72
Fig 12: Lumped mass diagram

73
 8.6.LATERAL ANALYSIS OF FRAME

PORTAL ANALYSIS ALONG SHORTER FRAME

Along longer frame,

H= 15.2m
B=17.6m

Since H<B. Therefore, portal frame method is used for analysis of lateral loading.
Height of each floor= 3.3m
Height of substructure=2m

74
8.6.1.Calculation of column shear force
Step 1

Roof level

P4 + 2P4 + 2P4 + 2P4 + 2P4 + P4 = 150.9 kN

 10P4 = 150.9 kN
 P4 = 15.09 kN

Shear in end column= 15.09 kN

Shear in intermediate column= 30.18 kN

3rd level

P3 + 2P3 + 2P3 + 2P3 + 2P3 + P3 = 150.9 + 113.53

 10P3 = 264.43 kN
 P3 = 26.443 kN

Shear in end column = 26.443 kN

Shear in intermediate column= 52.886 kN

75
 2nd level

P2 + 2P2 + 2P2 + 2P2 + 2P2 + P2 = 150.9+ 113.53 + 59.29

 10P2 = 323.72 kN
 P2 = 32.372 kN

Shear in end column = 32.372 kN

Shear in intermediate column = 64.744 kN

1st level

76
P1 + 2P1 + 2P1 + 2P1 + 2P1 + P1 =150.9 + 113.53 + 59.29 + 22.52
 10P1= 346.24 kN
 P1 = 34.624 kN

Shear in end coumn = 34.624 kN

Shear in intermediate column = 69.248 kN

Ground level

P0 + 2P0 + 2P0 + 2P0 + 2P0 + P0 = 150.9 + 113.53 + 59.29 + 22.52 + 1.124

 10P0 = 347.364 kN
 P0 = 34.7364 kN

Shear in end column = 34.7364 kN

Shear in intermediate column = 69.4728 kN

77
8.6.2.Step 2: Moment in the column
BM= Shear force X L/2

Roof
P4, Exterior column=15.09 X Height of the building/2
=15.09 X 3.3/2=24.89kN
2P4, Interior column= 30.18 X 3.3/2= 49.797kN

3rd level
P3, Ext. Column= 26.443 X 3.3/2= 43.630kN
2P3,Int. Column= 52.886 X 3.3/2= 87.2619kN

2nd level
P2,Ext. Column= 32.372 X 3.3/2= 53.4138kN
2P2, Int. Column= 64.744X3.3/2=106.8276 kN

1st level
P1,Ext. Column= 34.624X 3.3/2= 57.1296kN
2P1,Int. Column= 69.248X 3.3/2= 114.2592kN

Groundlevel
P0, Ext. Column= 37.7364X 3.3/2= 62.26506kN
2P0, Int. Column= 69.4728X 3.3/2= 114.6301kN

8.6.3.Step 3: Moment in the beam

For roof level

P4= 24.89kN

3rd level
P3=24.89+43.630
= 68.52kN

2nd level
P2= 43.630+53.4138
= 97.0438kN

1st level
P1= 53.4138+57.1296
=110.5434kN

Ground level

P0= 57.1296+62.26506

= 119.394kN

78
8.6.4.Step 4: Calculation of Beam Shear
S.F = 𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐦𝐌𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧/𝟐

At roof level
24.89
JointA4-B4 = JointE4-F4 = 3.5/2 = 14.22 kN
24.89
Joint B4-C4 = JointD4-E4 = 4/2 = 12.44 kN
24.89
Joint C4-D4=2.60/2 = 19.14 kN

3rd level
68.52
JointA3-B3 = JointE3-F3 = = 39.154 kN
3.5/2
68.52
Joint B3-C3 = JointD3-E3 = 4/2 =34.26 kN
68.52
Joint C3-D3=2.60/2 = 52.707kN

2nd level
97.0438
JointA2-B2 = JointE2-F2 = = 55.453kN
3.5/2
97.0438
Joint B2-C2 = JointD2-E2 = = 48.521kN
4/2
97.0438
Joint C2-D2= 2.60/2 = 74.649kN

1st level
110.543
JointA1-B1 = JointE1-F1 = = 63.167kN
3.5/2
110.543
Joint B1-C1 = JointD1-E1 = = 55.271kN
4/2
110.543
Joint C1-D1= 2.60/2 = 85.033kN

Ground level
119.39
JointA0-B0 = JointE0-F0 = =68.22kN
3.5/2

119.39
joint B0-C0 = JointD0-E0 = = 59.695kN
4/2
119.39
JointC0-D0=2.60/2 = 91.838Kn

79
8.6.5.Calculation of column axial

At Roof level

JointA4-A3 = 14.22 kN(↓)

JointB4-B3 = 14.22- 12.44= 1.78 kN (↑)
JointC4-C3 =19.14- 12.44= 6.7 kN (↓)
JointD4-D3 =6.7 kN (↑)
JointE4-E3 =1.78 kN (↓)
JointF4-F3 =14.22 kN (↑)

3rd level
JointA3-A2 = 39.154+14.22= 53.374kN (↓)
JointB3-B2 = (14.22-12.44)+(39.154-34.26) =6.674 kN (↑)
JointC3-C2 =(19.14-12.44)+(52.707-34.26) =25.147 kN (↓)
JointD3-D2 =25.147(kN (↑)

80
JointE3-E2 =6.674kN (↓)
JointF3-F2 =53.374kN (↑)

2nd level

JointA2-A1 = 39.154+55.453= 94.607kN (↓)

JointB2-B1 = (39.154-34.26)+(55.453-48.521) = 9.826kN (↑)
JointC2-C1 =(52.707-34.26)+(74.649-48.521) = 44.575kN (↓)
JointD2-D1 =44.575kN (↑)
JointE2-E1 =9.826kN (↓)
JointF2-F1 =94.607kN (↑)

1st level

JointA1-A0 = 55.453+63.167=118.62kN (↓)

JointB1-B0 = (55.453-48.521)+(63.167-55.271) = 14.918 kN (↑)
JointC1-C0 =(74.649-48.521)+(85.033-55.271) = 55.89kN (↓)
JointD1-D0 =55.89kN (↑)
JointE1-E0 =14.918kN (↓)
JointF1-F0 = 118.62kN (↑)

Ground level

JointA0-1 =63.167+68.22=131.387kN (↓)

JointB0-2 =(63.167 -55.271)+(68.22-59.695) = 16.421kN (↑)
JointC0-3 =(85.033-55.271)+(91.838-59.695) = 61.905kN (↓)
JointD0-4 =61.905kN (↑)

JointE0-5 =16.421kN (↓)

JointF0-6 =131.387kN (↑)

81
Fig 13. Column Shear

82
Fig14:Column moment

83
Fig 15:. Beam shear

84
85
Fig16:
Beam

moment

Fig17:. Column axial

86
 CHAPTER 9
LOAD COMBINATION

87
9.1.LOAD COMBINATION
As per IS 1893 part 1 2002 Cl 6.3.1.2
In the limit state design of RCC amd PSC structures the following load combinations shall be
accounted for:
1. 1.5(DL+IL)
2. 1.2(DL+IL+EL)
3. 1.2(DL+IL-EL)
4. 1.5(DL+EL)
5. 1.5(DL-EL)
6. 0.9DL+1.5EL
7. 0.9DL-1.5EL
Table 9. Load combination tables

9.1.1.Beam moment

88
9.1.2.Column

89
9.1.3.Beam shear force

90
9.1.4.Column axial

91
92
 CHAPTER 10
DESIGN OF BEAM

93
94
DESIGN OF BEAMS
10.1.Design data
1.Beam size= 350mm X 500mm
where b= 350mm
D= 500mm
2. Grade of steel for main reinforcement= Fe 500
3. Grade of concrete= M20
4. Grade of steel for secondary reinforcement= Fe 500
5. Maximum size of main reinforcement= 20mm
6. Clear cover= 30mm
10.2.DESIGN OF BEAMS
1.Effective depth(d) of the beam sections
d= Overall depth - clear cover – half of bar diameter
d= 500 – 30 – 20/2
d= 460mm
2. Minimum area of tension reinforcement
As 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦

As 0.85
 =
350 𝑋 460 500

 As= 273.7mm2

10.2.1. Maximum reinforcement

Ast= 0.04bD
= 0.04 X 350 X 500
Ast = 7000mm2
4. For sagging moment ( +ve ), Ast and Asc are provided at the buttom face and top face of the
beam section respectively.
5. For hogging moment (-ve) , Ast and Asc are provided at the top face and buttom face of
the beam section respectively.

6. The maximum spacing of the vertical stirrups as per IS 456:2000, Cl 26.5.1.5 should be the
least of the following:

95
 a. 0.75d= 0.75 X 460=345mm
b.350mm
c. As calculated
7. Detailing of the beam is done as per IS13920:1993 for details of spacing, development,
length etc

Table 10: Beam Design Tables

96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
Fig.18: Beam Detailing Diagrams

105
106
107
108
109
110
 CHAPTER 11
DESIGN OF COLUMN

111
DESIGN OF COLUM11.1.Design Data
i.Size of column =350mm X 350mm
ii. Grade of steel for main reinforcement =Fe500
iii. Grade of steel for secondary reinforcement = Fe500
iv. Grade of concrete = M20
v. Maximum size of main reinforcement = 20 mm
vi. Minimum size of shear reinforcement = 6 mm
vii. Clear cover = 40 mm

11.2.Design of columns
i. Effective cover of the column section d/
=Clear cover + half of bar diameter
=40+ 20/2
d/=50 m
ii. Minimum steel reinforcement (as per IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.1 (a)) =0.8 % of
gross-sectional area
= 0.8 % × bD
=0.008 × 350× 350
=980 mm2
iii. Maximum steel reinforcement (as per IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.1 (a)) =6% of
gross-sectional area
=0.06 × 350 × 350
=7350 mm2
iv. Pitch as per IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.2(c) , shall not be more than the least of the
following:
a. The least lateral dimension =350 mm
b. 16 times the smallest diameter of longitudinal bar
= 16 × 12 = 192 mm
c. 300 mm
Therefore we take pitch as 150 mm
v. Diameter of lateral ties as per IS 456: 2000, Clause 26.5.3.2 (c) shall not be less than
a. 1/4 × diameter of the largest longitudinal bar
= 1/4 × 20
= 5 mm

b. 16 mm
Let us provide 8mm ɸ bars as lateral ties with 190 mm pitch c/c
vi. Detailing of column is done as per IS 13920: 1993. So, 𝑑′/𝐷 = 50/350 = 0.142

112
We use chart 48 of SP-16: 1980 for value of Pt /fck
Using these specifications, design of columns is carried out and their design details are
shown in the tabular form.
Table 11: Column Design Tables

113
Fig 19.DETAILING OF COLUMNS AND JOINTS ALONG SHORTER SPAN
Detailing of columns for Ground floor along shorter span

114
115
116
Detailing of column for 1st floor along shorter span

117
118
119
Detailing of columns for 2nd floor along shorter span

120
121
122
Detailing for columns for 3rd floor along shorter span

123
124
125
 CHAPTER 12
DESIGN OF SLABS

126
12.1.INTRODUCTION
The term flat slab means a reinforced concrete slab with or without drops, supported generally
without beams, by columns with or without flared column heads. A flat slab may be solid slab
or may have recesses form on the soffit so that the soffit comprises a series of ribs in two
directions. The recesses may be removable or permanent filler blocks. A slab may be
categorized into two types
1. One way slab
2. Two way slab

127
Fig 20 : Numbering of slab panels

128
12.2.Design of slab
Calculation of thickness slab:
Let d= effective depth , D= Overall depth
Considering the largest slab i.e Panel 7, Ix = 4m, Iy=4m
Ix/d=40 X 0.8=32 (IS 456:2000 Clause 24.1)
Effective depth , d=Ix/32=4000/32 = 125mm
Let us take effective cover=20mm
D= Effective depth + Effective cover

= (125+20)mm
=145mm
Design consideration
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Design load (For roof ):
I. Self-weight of slab= 0.12 x 25= 3kN/m2
II. Floor Finish = 1kN/m2
III. Self-imposed load = 1.5 kN/m2
IV. Total load ,w = 5.5 kN/m2
Design load ( for 3,2,1 floors )
I. Self-weight of slab= 0.12 x 25= 3kN/m2
II. Floor Finish = 1kN/m2
III. Self-imposed load = 2 kN/m2
IV. Total load ,w = 6 kN/m2
As per IS 456:2000, Annex D,D-1.1,the max BMs per unit width in a slab are given in the
following equations
Mx=axwlx2
My = aywlx2

129
Calculation of Ast
For Roof Level:

As per IS456:2000, Clause 26.5.2.1 for minimum reinforcement .

When HYSD bars are used, the minimum steel reinforcement is 0.12% of the total cross
sectional area=0.12% of (b x D)
=0.12% of (1000 x 145)
=174mm2
Let us use 12mm φ bar diameter.
Now area of one bar=(π/4) x (12)2
=113mm2

130
Table 12: Design for slab tables

131
Calculation of BM for 3rd, 2nd & 1st floor for different slab panels
BM for shorter direction BM for longer direction
ax ay
Mx=axwl^2 x 1.5 (kN-m) My=aywl^2 x 1.5 (kN-m
Panel
lx Near Near Mid Near Near Mid
No.
(-ve) (+ve) (-ve) (+ve) support support support support
(-ve) (+ve) (-ve) (+ve)
1,24 3.5 0.053 0.04 0.047 0.035 5.84325 4.41 5.18175 3.85
7,18 4 0.047 0.035 0.047 0.035 6.768 5.04 6.768
2,25 3.5 0.044 0.033 0.037 0.028 4.851 3.63825 4.07925 3
8,19 4 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 4.608 3.456 4.608 3
13 2.6 0.057 0.044 0.037 0.028 3.46788 2.67696 2.25108 1.70
3,26 2.5 0.055 0.041 0.037 0.028 3.09375 2.30625 2.08125 1
9,20 2.5 0.058 0.0426 0.032 0.024 3.2625 2.39625 1.8
14 2.5 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 1.8 1.35 1.8
4,27 2.5 0.055 0.041 0.028 3.09375 2.30625 0 1
10,21 2.5 0.058 0.0426 0.032 0.024 3.2625 2.39625 1.8
15 2.5 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 1.8 1.35 1.8
5,28 3.5 0.044 0.033 0.037 0.028 4.851 3.63825 4.07925 3
11,22 4 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024 4.608 3.456 4.608 3
16 2.6 0.053 0.041 0.032 0.024 3.22452 2.49444 1.94688 1.46
6,29 3.5 0.053 0.04 0.047 0.035 5.84325 4.41 5.18175 3.85
12,23 4 0.037 0.028 0.037 0.028 5.328 4.032 5.328 4
17 2.6 0.057 0.044 0.037 0.028 3.46788 2.67696 2.25108 1.70

132
 Design at supports and mid-spans

Design at supports and mid-spans for 3,2 & 1 floor for different slab panels

Panel Mx My
Near support Near mid-span Near support Near mid-span

Mx*10^6/bd^2 Mx*10^6/bd^2 My*10^6/bd^2 My*10^6/bd^2

Mx Mx My My
(N/mm^2) (N/mm^2) (N/mm^2) (N/mm^2)

1,24 5.84 0.37376 4.41 0.28224 5.18 0.33152 3.85 0.2464

7,18 6.77 0.43328 5.04 0.32256 6.77 0.43328 5.04 0.32256
2,25 4.85 0.3104 3.64 0.23296 4.07 0.26048 3.09 0.19776
8,19 4.6 0.2944 3.46 0.22144 4.6 0.2944 3.45 0.2208
13 3.47 0.22208 2.68 0.17152 2.25 0.144 1.7 0.1088
3,26 3.09 0.19776 2.3 0.1472 2.08 0.13312 1.58 0.10112
9,20 3.27 0.20928 2.4 0.1536 1.8 0.1152 1.35 0.0864
14 1.8 0.1152 1.35 0.0864 1.8 0.1152 1.35 0.0864
4,27 3.09 0.19776 2.3 0.1472 0 0 1.57 0.10048
10,21 3.26 0.20864 2.4 0.1536 1.8 0.1152 1.35 0.0864
15 1.8 0.1152 1.35 0.0864 1.8 0.1152 1.35 0.0864
5,28 4.85 0.3104 3.63 0.23232 4.08 0.26112 3.08 0.19712
11,22 4.61 0.29504 3.45 0.2208 4.61 0.29504 3.45 0.2208
16 3.22 0.20608 2.5 0.16 1.95 0.1248 1.46 0.09344
6,29 5.84 0.37376 4.541 0.290624 5.18 0.33152 3.86 0.24704
12,23 5.33 0.34112 4.032 0.258048 5.33 0.34112 4.03 0.25792
17 3.47 0.22208 2.68 0.17152 2.25 0.144 1.7 0.1088

133
 Amount of steel and spacing of bars for roof level along X direction for
different slab panels
Pan Near Support Near Mid-Span
el Ast,r Ast,r
no eq Spacing eq Spacing
Mu/bd^2(N/ Pt,r (mm provided( Mu/bd^2(N/ Pt,r (mm provided(
mm^2) eq ^2) mm) mm^2) eq ^2) mm)
1,2 0.1 0.1
4 0.34 2 174 300 0.26 2 174 300
7,1 0.1 0.1
8 0.4 2 174 300 0.29 2 174 300
2,2 0.1 0.1
5 0.28 2 174 300 0.21 2 174 300
8,1 0.1 0.1
9 0.27 2 174 300 0.2 2 174 300
13 0.1 0.1
0.2 2 174 300 0.16 2 174 300
3,2 0.1 0.1
6 0.18 2 174 300 0.13 2 174 300
9,2 0.1 0.1
0 0.19 2 174 300 0.14 2 174 300
0.1 0.1
14 0.1 2 174 300 0.08 2 174 300
4,2 0.1 0.1
7 0.18 2 174 300 0.13 2 174 300
10, 0.1 0.1
21 0.19 2 174 300 0.14 2 174 300
0.1 0.1
15
0.1 2 174 300 0.08 2 174 300
5,2 0.1 0.1
8 0.28 2 174 300 0.21 2 174 300
11, 0.1 0.1
22 0.27 2 174 300 0.2 2 174 300
0.1 0.1
16
0.19 2 174 300 0.15 2 174 300
6,2 0.1 0.1
9 0.34 2 174 300 0.26 2 174 300
12, 0.1 0.1
23 0.31 2 174 300 0.24 2 174 300
0.1 0.1
17 0.2 2 174 300 0.16 2 174 300

134
 Amount of steel and spacing of bars for roof level along Y direction for different slab panels
Panel no Near Support Near Mid-Span
Mu/bd^2(N/mm Spacing Mu/bd^2(N/ Spacing
^2) Pt,req Ast,req (mm^2)provided(m mm^2) Pt,req Ast,req (mm^2)provided(mm)
1,24 0.3 0.12 174 300 0.23 0.12 174 300
7,18 0.4 0.12 174 300 0.3 0.12 174 300
2,25 0.24 0.12 174 300 0.18 0.12 174 300
8,19 0.27 0.12 174 300 0.2 0.12 174 300
13 0.13 0.12 174 300 0.1 0.12 174 300
3,26 0.12 0.12 174 300 0.1 0.12 174 300
9,20 0.1 0.12 174 300 0.08 0.12 174 300
14 0.1 0.12 174 300 0.08 0.12 174 300
4,27 0.12 0.12 174 300 0.1 0.12 174 300
10,21 0.1 0.12 174 300 0.08 0.12 174 300
15 0.1 0.12 174 300 0.08 0.12 174 300
5,28 0.24 0.12 174 300 0.18 0.12 174 300
11,22 0.27 0.12 174 300 0.2 0.12 174 300
16 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.08 0.12 174 300
6,29 0.3 0.12 174 300 0.23 0.12 174 300
12,23 0.31 0.12 174 300 0.24 0.12 174 300
17 0.13 0.12 174 300 0.1 0.12 174 300

135
 Amount of steel and spacing of bars for floor level along X direction for different slab panels
Panel no Near Support Near Mid-Span
Mu/bd^2(N/mm Spacing Mu/bd^2(N/ Spacing
^2) Pt,req Ast,req (mm^2)provided(m mm^2) Pt,req Ast,req (mm^2)provided(mm)
1,24 0.37 0.12 174 300 0.28 0.12 174 300
7,18 0.43 0.12 174 300 0.32 0.12 174 300
2,25 0.31 0.12 174 300 0.23 0.12 174 300
8,19 0.3 0.12 174 300 0.22 0.12 174 300
13 0.22 0.12 174 300 0.17 0.12 174 300
3,26 0.2 0.12 174 300 0.15 0.12 174 300
9,20 0.21 0.12 174 300 0.15 0.12 174 300
14 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
4,27 0.2 0.12 174 300 0.15 0.12 174 300
10,21 0.21 0.12 174 300 0.15 0.12 174 300
15 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
5,28 0.31 0.12 174 300 0.23 0.12 174 300
11,22 0.29 0.12 174 300 0.22 0.12 174 300
16 0.21 0.12 174 300 0.16 0.12 174 300
6,29 0.37 0.12 174 300 0.29 0.12 174 300
12,23 0.34 0.12 174 300 0.26 0.12 174 300
17 0.22 0.12 174 300 0.17 0.12 174 300

136
 Amount of steel and spacing of bars for floor level along Y direction for different slab panels
Pan Near Support Near Mid-Span
el Ast,re Ast,re
no q Spacing q Spacing
Mu/bd^2(N/m Pt,r (mm^ provided( Mu/bd^2(N/m Pt,r (mm^ provided(
m^2) eq 2) mm) m^2) eq 2) mm)
1,2
4 0.33 0.12 174 300 0.25 0.12 174
7,1
8 0.43 0.12 174 300 0.32 0.12 174 300
2,2
5 0.26 0.12 174 300 0.2 0.12 174 300
8,1
9 0.3 0.12 174 300 0.22 0.12 174 300
13 0.14 0.12 174 300 0.11 0.12 174 300
3,2
6 0.13 0.12 174 300 0.1 0.12 174 300
9,2
0 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
14 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
4,2
7 0 0.12 174 300 0.1 0.12 174 300
10,
21 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
15 0.11 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
5,2
8 0.26 0.12 174 300 0.2 0.12 174 300
11,
22 0.29 0.12 174 300 0.22 0.12 174 300
16 0.12 0.12 174 300 0.09 0.12 174 300
6,2
9 0.33 0.12 174 300 0.25 0.12 174 300
12,
23 0.34 0.12 174 300 0.26 0.12 174 300
17 0.14 0.12 174 300 0.11 0.12 174 300

137
12.3.Check for Deflection
Two way slab: Slab panel 8:
From IS456:2000 Cl.23.2.1
Fs=0.58 x Fy x (Area of steel required)/(Area of steel provided)
=0.58 x 500 x 174/250
=201.84N/mm2
Now, pt=(Ast provided x100)/b x d
=(201.84 x 100)/(1000 x125)
=0.161
Therefore , Modification factor ,Kt=2
(l/d)max=Basic (l/d)ratio x Kt x Kc
=26 x 2 x 1
= 52
(l/d)provided= 4000/125= 32
(l/d)max> (l/d)provided

138
12.4.Calculation for distribution of steel
Let us consider 10mm dia bar
Astdist= (0.12 x b x D)/ 100
= (0.12 x 1000 x 145)/100
=174mm2
Spacing = (79 x1000)/174
= 454.02mm
According to IS 456- 2000 (Clause 26.3.3.b). The horizontal distance between reinforcement
bars shall not be more than five times the effective depth of solid slab or 300 mm whichever is
smaller
i. 5 x d = 5 x 125 = 625
ii. 300mm
iii. Required spacing =454.02mm
Therefore, we use 10 mm φ bar @ 300 mm spacing.

139
 CHAPTER 13
DESIGN OF FOOTING

140
 13.1.ISOLATED SLOPED FOOTING
The bending moment, beam shear and punching shear govern the thickness or depth of
footing near the column face. This depth can be reduced towards the edges of the footing
where the bending moments and shear decrease rapidly. If this decrease is achieved linearly,
we get slope footing. The analysis of isolated slope footing has been thoroughly discussed.

Column Size: 350mm*350mm

Axial Load: 283.356+283.356+283.356+283.356= 1133.42kN
1) Design constants:
For M25- Fe500 combination, we have:
𝑥𝑢, 𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 0.46 and Ru = 3.32
𝑑
2) Size of footing:
W=1133.42kN
Assume W’=10% of W = 113.342kN
1133.42+113.342
Area of footing, A = = 10.38m2
120

Provide a footing of size 3.3m*3.3m

1133.42
Actual upward pressure intensity, Po= =104.08 kN/m2
3.3∗3.3

3) Design of footing:
Maximum bending moment occurs at the face of the column and its magnitude is given by:
𝐵 104.08∗3.3
M= PO8 (𝐵 − 𝑏)2 KN-m = (3.3 − 0.350)2 * 106
8

= 373.62*106 N-mm
MU = 1.5* 373.62*106 = 560.43*106 N-mm
The section of the footing at the column face will be trapezoidal. Let the effective depth at
the column face be ‘d’ and that at the edges be 0.2d.
b1= b = 350mm

Mu 560.43∗1000000
d= √𝑅𝑢∗𝑏1 = √ = 694.48mm
3.32∗350

141
Let us fix D= 800mm. Using an effective cover of 60mm, available d = 800-60=740mm for
lower layer and 740-12=728mm for the upper layer. At the end, provide D=200mm, so that
available d= 200-60=140mm for the lower layer and 140-12=128mm for the upper layer.

Provision of greater effective depth will give rise to under-reinforced section, as desired by
the code. Also, provision of greater d will make the section more safe in shear.
4) Check for shear:
a) For beam shear
The section is to be checked for beam shear at a distance d =700mm from the column face,
where shear force is given by
V= PO*B {1/2(B-b)-d} = 104.08* 3.3{1/2(3.3-0.35)-0.8}= 231.84KN
VU = 1.5*V= 347.76 KN

740−150
Effective depth d’ at the location= 150+ (1475-740)
1475

= 444 mm
3300−350
Top width of section= 350+ * 740= 1830mm
1475

Factor Xumax/d= 0.46 for balanced section. However for an under-reinforced section, adopt
xu/d=0.4, so that xu= 0.4d’= 0.4*444= 177.6mm
3300−1830
Width bn at N.A. = 1830+ * 177.6= 2712mm
296
𝑉𝑢
τc=𝑏𝑛∗𝑑′= 0.28N/mm2

Assuming p=0.3% for an under-reinforced section τv=0.39

Also k=1 for D > 300mm. Thus τc < τv (Hence safe)The

(b) Check for two-way shear ( punching shear) :

Perimeter ABCD= 2[(a+d)+(b+d)]= 4*(a+d)= 4* (350+740)= 4360mm
Area ABCD = 1.1*1.1= 1.21mm2
Punching shear = 104[3.3*3.3-1.21]= 1006.72Kn
1.5∗1006.72∗1000
τv = = 0.468𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
4360∗740

Allowable shear stress τc is given by

142
τc = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25√25 = 1.25 N/mm2

k1 = 0.5+ βc= 0.5+1

However adopt max k1=1
Therefore, k1 τc = 1*1.25= 1.25 N/mm2

(5) Steel reinforcement: For an under-reinforced section

0.5𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6𝑀𝑢
Ast= [1-√1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏1∗𝑑∗𝑑 ]* b1*d= 2074.05mm2
𝑓𝑦

2074.05
No. of 12mmФ bars = = 18 = 20 (approx)
113.1

Hence we provide 12mmФ bars 20 nos. uniformly spaced in the width 3.3m in each direction.
(6) Check for development length:
Ld = 47*12= 564mm
1
Providing 60mm side cover, length available = 2 (𝐵 − 𝑏) − 60 = 1415 𝑚𝑚. Hence OK.

143
Fig 21: The details of reinforcement in the column footing

144
 CHAPTER 14
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

145
14.1.STAIRCASE DESIGN

Dimension of Stair Hall= 2.6m× 4m

Floor Height = 3.3m
Let us provide a dog-legged stair case assuming, Tread T = 250 mm
Rise R = 150 mm
Height of each flight = 3.3/2=1.65m
Therefore no. of risers required in each flight = 1.65/0.15=11
No. of treads required = 11-1= 10
Let the Treads (T) be of 300mm
So, Length of going = 300 × 10 =3000mm = 3m
Horizontal space required for tread in 1 flight =250 x 10 =2500mm
Let us provide width of stair = 1500 mm &
Width of landing = 4000-2500=1500mm

14.2.Design of Waist Slab:

Effective span = 4m
Assuming an overall depth of 200mm, clear cover 15mm & using 12mm dia bar;
Effective depth = 179mm
Let thickness of waist slab, t =150mm

14.2.1.LOAD CALCULATION:
1. Load from steps = 0.5×0.15×25 = 1.875 KN/m2

2. Load from slab =√(T2+R2)/T ×0.12×25 = 3.50KN/m2

3. Load due to finish = 1.000 KN/m2

4. SIL (As per IS -875; part 2) = 4.000 KN/m2

So Total Load = 10.375KN/m2

146
Considering 1 m strip,
Load per metre length = 10.375x1= 10.375kN/m
Bending moment =wl2/10 kNm =16.6kNm
Design moment,kNm Mu=1.5 x 16.6 =24.9kNm
Assuming M20 concrete and Fe500 steel
Therefore depth required, dreqd = √(Mu)/(0.133fck b)=√(24.9 x 106/(0.133 x 20 x
1000)=96.75mm
Effective depth available=150-25-12/2 = 119mm > dreqd
Hence safe.

Assuming clear cover 25mm 12φ bars.

Therefore, let us provide waist slab thickness 150mm and effective depth 120mm.

Now Mu/bd2 = (24.9 106)/1000 x 1202 =1.72

So from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16, pt = 0.4456
pt = (As x 1000)/b x d As= (0.4456 x 1000 x 120)/100 = 534.78 mm2
So, using Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16,
Let us provide 12φ bars @ 130 c/c [Astprovided = 870mm2]

Distribution Reinforcement:

Let us provide 0.12% of sectional area as distribution reinforcement.

Ast=(0.12 x 1000 x 150)/100 = 180mm2
Let us provide 8φ bars as Distribution Reinforcement @ 270 c/c

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14.3.Design of Landing Beam:
Let us provide a landing beam of size 300mm×400mm.
Therefore deff= 400-25-16/2= 367mm
LOAD CALCULATION:
1. Load from slab = .5×10.375×4 = 20.75 kN/m
2. Load from wall = 0.125(3.3-0.35)×1×20 = 7.375 KN/m
3. Self-Wt. of beam = 25 x .35 x .5=4.375 kN/m

So Total Load = 32.5KN/m

Bending moment =wl2/10=32.5 x (3.50)2/10=39.81 kNm
Design moment,KNm Mu=1.5 x 39.81=59.71kNm
Shear force = wl2/2=32.5 x (3.5)2/2=199.06kN
Design S.F,Vu=1.5 x 199.06=298.59kN
Now Mu/bd2=59.71 x 106/(300 x 3672)=1.47
So from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16, pt = 0.373
Pt=100 As/bd
=>As=0.373 x 300x 367/100=410.67mm2
So using Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16,
Let us provide 4-16φ both at top and bottom [ Astprovided=804mm2]
Therefore pt= 100 As/ bd=100 x 804/ 300 x 367= 0.73%

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14.4.Shear Reinforcement:
Maximum Shear Force Vmax = 0.5×32.5×2.6= 42.25 kN.
Vu = 42.25×1.5 = 63.375 kN.
Shear stress τv =Vu /bd =0.575n/mm2
Using Table 61 of Design Aid SP-16, corresponding to pt = 0.73%,
Shear strength, τc= 0.556N/mm2
τc < τv , so we will provide shear reinforcement.
Vus = (τv - τc)×b×d
= (0.575-0.556)×300×367×10-3
= 2.0919kN
Vus / d = 0.0057 kN/cm
Using Table 62 of Design Aid SP-16.
So let us provide 2-legged 8φ Vertical Stirrup @ 200mm c/c.

14.5.DESIGN OF HEAD ROOM

Let, thickness of headroom slab, t =100mm

Height of headroom = 2.1m
Size of headroom = 2.6m × 4m
8.3.1 Design of slab
Load calculation:
(i) Self weight = 0.1 × 25 = 2.5kN/m2
(ii) Finish = 1.00kN/m2
(iii) Super imposed load, SIL = 1kN/m2

So Total load = 4.5kN/m2

Considering 1m strip, load per metre = 4.5 × 1 =4.5kN/m

149
Now, ly/lx = 4/2.6 = 1.5<2.
Hence slab is a 2-way slab.
Now from Table 26 of IS 456:2000.
For all edges discontinuous
αx = 0.056, αy = 0.056
Mx = αx × w × lx2
= 0.056 × 4.5 × (2.6)2
= 1.7 kNm.
My = αy × w × ly
= 0.056 × 4.5 ×(2.6)2
=1.7 kNm.
Therefore Maximum Bending Moment,M = 1.7kNm.
Mu =1.5 × 1.7
=2.55kNm.
Now, Mu = 0.133fckbd2
Required depth, dreqd = √Mu/(0.133 x fck x b) =30.96mm
Assuming clear cover of 15mm and 8φ bars.
Effective depth available,davailable=100-15-8/2= 81mm
davailable > dreqd
Hence Safe.
Let us provide minimum reinforcement 0.12% of gross cross sectional area.
pt =100 As/bd
=>As= 0.12 x 100 x 1000/100=120mm
Spacing s=(1000 x(π x 82)/4)/120=416.67mm
From Clause-26.3.3 of IS 456:2000
Maximum spacing, (i) 3d = 3 × 81=243mm
(ii) 300mm
Therefore provide 8φ bars @ 200 c/c

150
Detailing of staircase

Fig 22: Detailing of staircase

151
 CHAPTER 15
DESIGN OF CHAJJA

152
15.1.DESIGN OF CHAJJA
A sloping stone supported on heavy corbels and placed overhanging at roof level to direct
rainwater away from the walls of the building. It is used to prevent rainfall from directly hitting
the lower part of the structure to prevent erosion of the materials above foundation.

15.1.1.DESIGN DATA
Let us provide a chajja projection beyond external wall = 400mm
Main reinforcement and steel bar diameter = 6mm
Effective depth calculation:
As per Cl. 23.2.1 of IS 456:2000
For cantilever slab, 𝐿/𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 7
Therefore, deff = 400/7 = 57.14mm
Let us provide overall thickness of chajja = 100mm
Effective depth provided, deff = (100-20-6/2) = 77mm

15.1.2.LOAD CALCULATIONS
1. Self Weight of Chajja = 0.1 x 25 = 2.5 KN/m2
2. Finish = 1.0 KN/m2
3. Live load = 1.0 KN /m2
Total Load, W = 4.5 KN/m2

15.1.3.BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATIONS:

Considering 1 m width of strip of cantilever slab, we have
Maximum BM = Wl/2 = 4.5 X 0.42 /2 = 0.36 KNm
Therefore, Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 0.36 = 0.54 KNm
Also, Max. S.F. = wl = 4.5 x 0.4 = 1.8 KN
Therefore, Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x 1.8 = 2.7 KN

CHECK FOR EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

We know,
𝑀𝑢
We know, Effective depth required, d =√0.133𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏

0.54𝑋106
= √0.133𝑋20𝑋1000

= 13.99 mm < 75mm (dprovided )

Hence safe.

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15.1.4.CALCULATION OF REQUIRED REINFORCEMENT:
𝑀𝑢 0.54𝑋106
= = 0.096N/mm2
𝑏𝑑2 100𝑋 752

Therefore, from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16, we provide

pt = 0.14%
As per Cl. 26.5.2.1 of IS 456: 2000,
Minimum reinforcement required= (0.15 X 100 X 1000)/100
= 112.5 mm2
From Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16,
Let us provide 6 mm dia. bars @ 200 mm C/C.
(Ast, provided = 141mm2 )

15.2.CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Induced shear stress, τv= V/bd
2.7𝑋1000
= = 0.036 N/mm2
75𝑋1000

Now Pt , provided = (Ast X 100)/bd = 0.18%

From Table 61 of Design Aid SP-16, the value of τc corresponding to Pt = 0.18 is τc = 0.33
N/mm2
Since τv< τc hence the design is safe in shear.

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT:
Minimum distribution steel =0.15xdxb/100
= 150 mm2
From Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16 ;
Let us provide 6 mm dia. Bars @ 150 mm C/C.
(Ast, provided = 188mm2)

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 CHAPTER 16
DESIGN OF LINTEL

155
LINTEL:
16.1.INTRODUCTION
It becomes necessary to provide openings in walls for doors, windows, cupboards, etc. Such
opening must be bridged over so as to support the load of the wall above them. This is
accompanied by providing a lintel.

ASSUMPTIONS:
Let lintel beam size = 125 mm x 300 mm
Main beam size = 300 mm x 450 mm
Wall thickness = 125 mm
Projection of Chajja = 400 mm

LOAD CALCULATIONS
1. Wall load = (3.6 – 2.1 – 0.4 – 0.3) x 0.125 x 20 = 2 KN/m
2. Load from chajja = 4.5 x 0.4 = 1.8 KN/m
3. Self weight of lintel =0.125 x 0.3 x 25 = 0.94 KN/m

_______________________________________________________________
Total, W = 4.74 KN/m

16.2.BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATIONS:

Max B.M = Wl2 /10
=(4.74 X 4.22 ) /10
= 8.36kNm
Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 8.36 = 12.54 KNm
Also, Max. S.F =wl/2
=(4.74 X 4.2) /2
=9.95KN
Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x 9.95 = 14.931 KN

CHECK FOR EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

Here effective depth provided, davailable = 300-25-12/2
= 269 mm
(Providing 20 mm clear cover and using 12 mm dia. bars )

We know,
156
 𝑀𝑢
Effective depth required, d required = √0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏

12.54 𝑋 1000000
= √ 0.133𝑋 20𝑋 125

= 190.65mm
Therefore, safe.

CALCULATION OF REQUIRED REINFORCEMENT:

𝑀𝑢 12.54 𝑋 1000000
= = 1.387 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑2 125 𝑋 269 𝑋 269

Therefore, from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16,

we provide pt = 0.426%
100 𝑋𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 𝑋𝐴𝑠𝑡
= 0.426 = 125𝑋 419 = 0.426
𝑏𝑑

Ast= 143.25mm2
143.25
Therefore, no. of bars required= 
𝑋 12𝑋 12
4

= 1.27
=2
Let us provide 2-12 mm dia. bars as tensile reinforcement and 2-10 mm dia. bars as nominal
reinforcement at top layers.

16.3.CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Induced shear stress,= v = Vu / bd
14.931 𝑋 1000
= = 0.444 N/mm2
125 𝑋 269
100 X 226.195
Now, Pt , provided = 125 𝑋 269

From Table 61 of Design Aid SP-16, the value of c corresponding to Pt = 0.672 is

c= 0.55 N/mm2
Since cc hence shear reinforcement is not reqd. but nominal shear reinforcement has to be
provided in accordance with Cl. 26.5.1.6 of IS: 456-2000
Using 6 mm dia. bars we have
2 𝑋 x 6 x 6
Asv = = 56.55mm2
4

We have,

157
 𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.4
=
𝑏𝑆𝑣 0.87𝑓𝑦

Sv= 250mm
As per Cl. 26.5.1.5 of 456-2000 spacing should in no case exceed 300 mm let us provide 6
mm 2 – legged vertical stirrups @ 300 mm c/c.

Fig 23: Lintels and Chajja daiagram

158
 CHAPTER 17
STAADPRO ANALYSIS

159
17.1.Introduction
STAADPRO is a structural analysis and design software application originally developed by
Research Engineers International in 1997. In late 2005, Research Engineers International was
bought by Bentley System. STAADPRO is one of the most widely used structural analysis and
design software product world wide. It supports over 90 international steel, concrete, timber,
and aluminium design codes. It can make use of various forms of analysis from the traditional
static analysis to more recent analysis methods.

160
Fig 24:Structural frame of G + 3 residential building in Staad Pro

161
 Fig 25: 3-D rendering of the structural frame.

Fig 26: Front elevation with supports

162
 .

163
 Conclusion

The project aims at the structural analysis and design of a G+3 residential RCC building in
Guwahati city. The building consists of 3 floors with 4 apartments in each floor, which will
result in 12 apartments in total in the entire building. The first phase of the project deals with
the plan of the building to the existing Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority
(GDMA) bye-laws. The planning of the building has been done to arrange the location of
various rooms and their sizes so that it fulfils the functional requirements of the intended
purpose. After the planning stage, estimation of the various loads, viz. gravity and seismic
loads are carried out . During this stage, analysis has been done by approximate methods such
as moment distribution and portal method to yield the various bending moments, shear
forces and axial loads acting at the various sections at different levels. The result of these
computations is then subjected to load combination procedure, the main objective of which
is to give the worst combination that can be accepted as the design values i.e., the values for
which the various components of the structure has to be designed. The design phase consists
of designing the various components that constitutes the structure such as beams, columns,
slabs, staircases, chajja/sunshade, footings and lintels. The final output is in the form of
reinforcement detailing of the various constituent parts as they are essential for the execution
of the actual construction work. While doing the plan, elevation, or for any other diagrams
that are included in the project we have used the software “AutoCad” and for the check of
our manual analysis we have made use of the software “StaadPro”, which is a structural
analysis and design software.
Lastly it is hoped that this project will be of satisfactory help in our future practical works and
purposes

164
 ANNEXURE
1. Guidelines for Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority(GDMA) Guwahati (Building
Permission)
2. Reinforced Concrete Structure – B.C. Punmia
3. IS875(Part)- 1987 – Code of practise for design load (other than earthquake ) for building
and structures.
4. IS1893(Part)-Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of practise
5. IS456:2006-Plain and Reinforced Concrete- Code of practise
6. Design Aid to be : 456-1978(SP:16)
7. IS13920-1993- Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to seismic
load.

165