Eurocode 6 Design of Masonry Structures 1

DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD ENV
1996-1-2:1997
Eurocode 6: Design of
masonry structures —
Part 1-2: General rules —
Structural fire design —
(together with United Kingdom

National Application Document)
ICS 13.220.50; 91.080.30

DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Committees responsible for this

Draft for Development
The preparation of this Draft for Development was entrusted to Technical

Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, upon which the
following bodies were represented:
Association of Consulting Engineers

British Cement Association
British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.
British Masonry Society
Building Employers Confederation
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate)
Department of Transport
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
National Council of Building Material Producers
Royal Institute of British Architects
Timber Research and Development Association
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the document,
through subcommittees and panels:
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Products Association

Brick Development Association
British Ceramic Research Ltd.
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
Calcium Silicate Brick Association Limited
Concrete Block Association
National House-building Council
This Draft for Development,

having been prepared
under the direction of the
Sector Board for Building and
Civil Engineering, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Board and Amendments issued since publication
comes into effect on
15 November 1997
Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 05-1999
The following BSI reference

relates to the work on this
Draft for Development:
Committee reference B/525
ISBN 0 580 28359 3

DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Text of National Application Document v
Text of ENV 1996-1-2 5
© BSI 05-1999 i
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
National foreword
This Draft for Development was prepared by Technical Committee B/525 and is
the English language version of ENV 1996-1-2:1995 Eurocode 6 — Design of
masonry structures — Part 1-2: General rules — Structural fire design, published
by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This Draft for
Development also includes the United Kingdom (UK) National Application
Document (NAD) to be used with the ENV for the design of buildings to be
constructed in the UK.
ENV 1996-1-2:1995 results from a programme of work sponsored by the
European Commission to make available a common set of rules for the design of
building and civil engineering works.
This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.
An ENV is made available for provisional application during a period of trial use
of 3 years, but does not have the status of a European Standard. At the end of the
trial period, the aim is to use the experience gained to modify the ENV so that it
can be adopted as a European Standard.
The values for certain parameters in the ENV Eurocodes may be set by CEN
members so as to meet the requirements of national regulations. These
parameters are designated by q (boxed values) in the ENV.
During the ENV period of validity, reference should be made to the supporting
documents listed in the National Application Document (NAD). The purpose of
the NAD is to provide essential information, particularly in relation to safety, to
enable the ENV to be used for buildings constructed in the UK. The NAD takes
precedence over corresponding provisions in the ENV.
The Building Regulations 1991, Approved Document A 1992, draws attention to
the potential use of ENV Eurocodes as an alternative approach to Building
Regulation compliance. ENV 1996-1-2 has been thoroughly examined over a
period of several years and is considered to offer such an alternative approach,
when used in conjunction with this NAD.
Compliance with ENV 1996-1-2:1995 and this NAD does not in itself confer
immunity from legal obligations.
Users of this document are invited to comment on its technical content, ease of
use and any ambiguities or anomalies. These comments will be taken into account
when preparing the UK national response to CEN on the question of whether the
ENV can be converted to an EN.
Comments should be sent in writing to BSI, British Standards House, 389
Chiswick High Road, Chiswick, London W4 4AL, quoting the document reference,
the relevant clause number and, where possible, a proposed revision,
by 15 December 1997.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to xiv,
the ENV title page, pages 2 to 20 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii © BSI 05-1999
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
National Application
Document
for use in the UK with
ENV 1996-1-2:1995
© BSI 05-1999 iii

DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Contents of National Application

Document
Page
National Application Document
Introduction v
1 Scope v
2 References v
3 Partial safety factors and other values to be used
in ENV 1996-1-2:1995 v
4 Reference documents v
5 Additional information and recommendations v
Table 1 — Reference in ENV 1996-1-2 to other publications vi
Table 2 — Loadbearing single-leaf walls subject to load up to a
resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾f; separating
function REI (equivalent to ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.1) ix
Table 3 — Loadbearing single-leaf walls subject to load up to a
resistance of 0,6NRd ÷ average ¾f; separating
function REI (equivalent to ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.2) x
Table 4 — Non-loadbearing single-leaf walls; separating function
E1 (equivalent to ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.5) xi
Table 5 — Loadbearing cavity walls with one leaf loaded, subject
to load up to a resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾f; separating
function REI (equivalent to ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.9) xii
List of references xiii
iv © BSI 05-1999
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Introduction The maximum slenderness ratio for vertically

loaded walls should not exceed the numerical
This National Application Document (NAD) has value 27. For loadbearing walls, slenderness ratio is
been prepared by Technical Committee B/525. It has defined as the effective wall height divided by
been developed from the following:
effective wall thickness as given in 4.4 of
a) a textual examination of ENV 1996-1-2:1995; ENV 1996-1-1 and its NAD. This definition varies
b) a calibration against BS 5628-3:1985, from that given in 3.3 (3)P of ENV 1996-1-2.
supporting standards and test data. The maximum height-to-thickness ratio for
It should be noted that this NAD, in common with non-loadbearing walls should not exceed the
ENV 1996-1-2 and supporting CEN standards, uses numerical value 40 or exceed the relevant size
a comma where a decimal point would traditionally limitations given in ENV 1996-2, as appropriate.
be used in the United Kingdom.
4 Reference documents
1 Scope Where reference is made in ENV 1996-1-2 and in
This NAD provides information to enable this NAD to “national regulations”, such regulations
ENV 1996-1-2:1995 (Eurocode 6: Part 1-2) to be are the following.
used for the design of buildings to be constructed in In England and Wales:
the United Kingdom. Its application does not extend
The Building Regulations 1991.
to civil engineering works. (SI 1991 No. 2768)
2 References In Scotland:
The Building Standards (Scotland)
2.1 Normative references
Regulations 1990. [SI 1990 No. 2179 (S.187)] as
This NAD incorporates, by dated or undated amended.
reference, provisions from other publications. These
In Northern Ireland:
normative references are made at the appropriate
places in the text and the cited publications are The Building Regulations (Northern
listed on page xiii. For dated references, only the Ireland) 1994. (SRNI 1994 No. 243).
edition cited applies; any subsequent amendments The supporting documents to these building
to or revisions of the cited publication apply to this regulations are detailed in the list of references on
NAD only when incorporated in the reference by page xiii, [1] to [4]. Reference publications cited in
amendment or revision. For undated references, the ENV 1996-1-2, together with equivalent British
latest edition of the cited publication applies, Standards, are listed in Table 1 of this NAD.
together with any amendments.
2.2 Informative references 5 Additional information and
This NAD refers to other publications that provide recommendations
information or guidance. Editions of these 5.1 Clause 1.1 Scope
publications current at the time of issue of this “Non-separating functions” is not a defined term
document are listed on page xiii, but reference
within the regulatory context of the
should be made to the latest editions.
United Kingdom and is not part of the scope of
this NAD.
3 Partial safety factors and other
values to be used in ENV 1996-1-2:1995 5.2 Clause 1.3 Definitions
“Fire wall” is not a defined term within the
The numerical value of average ¾f to be used in
regulatory context of the United Kingdom and is not
satisfying 3.1.3 (1) and Annex C (5) should be taken
as 1,35. It should be noted that for the purposes of part of the scope of this NAD.
using the fire resistance tables in Annex C, it will “Non-separating wall” is not a defined term within
not normally be necessary to apply this value of the regulatory context of the United Kingdom and is
average ¾f when the design of loadbearing members not part of the scope of this NAD.
is carried out in accordance with the 5.3 Clause 1.4 Symbols
recommendations of ENV 1996-1-1, as the
Paragraph (1)
appropriate partial safety factors for structural
design will be those from ENV 1996-1-1 and its The partial safety factor, average ¾f, is defined as
NAD. the total design load divided by the total
characteristic load. This definition corrects an
apparent error in ENV 1996-1-2.
The criterion “M” for mechanical impact is not used
within the regulatory context of the
United Kingdom and is not part of the scope of
this NAD.
© BSI 05-1999 v
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table 1 — Reference in ENV 1996-1-2 to other publications

Document Document title Status UK documenta
referred to
89/106/EEC Construction Products Directive [5] EC Directive —
ID Essential Requirement no. 2. Safety in case of Interpretative —
fire 6] Document
ENV 1991-1 Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions on Published DD ENV 1991-1:1996
structures— Part 1: Basis of design 1994
ENV 1991-2-2 Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions on Published DD ENV 1991-2-2:1996
structures — Part 2-2: Actions on structures — 1995
Actions on structures exposed to fire
ENV 1996-1-1 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures — Published DD ENV 1996-1-1:1996
Part 1-1: General rules for buildings — Rules for 1995
reinforced and unreinforced masonry
ENV 1996-2 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures — In preparation BS 5628:-3:1985b
Part 2: Design, selection of materials and
execution of masonry
EN 771-1 Specification for masonry units — In preparation BS 3921:1985 (1995)
Part 1: Clay masonry units BS 6649:1985
BS 4729:1990
EN 771-2 Specification for masonry units — In preparation BS 187:1978
Part 2: Calcium silicate masonry units BS 6649:1985
BS 4729:1990
EN 771-3 Specification for masonry units — In preparation BS 6073-1:1981
Part 3: Aggregate concrete masonry units
(Dense and lightweight aggregates)
EN 771-4 Specification for masonry units — In preparation BS 6073-1:1981
Part 4: Autoclaved aerated concrete masonry
units
EN 771-5 Specification for masonry units — In preparation BS 6457:1984
Part 5: Manufactured stone masonry units
EN 771-6 Specification for masonry units — In preparation BS 5390:1976 (1984)
Part 6: Natural stone masonry units
EN 772-13 Methods of test for masonry units — In preparation —
Part 13: Determination of net and gross dry
density of masonry units
EN 998-2 Specification for mortar for masonry — In preparation —
Part 2: Masonry mortar
EN 1363-1 Fire resistance tests — In preparation BS 476-20:1987
Part 1: General requirements
EN 1364-1 Fire resistance tests on non-loadbearing elements In preparation BS 476-22:1987
in buildings — Part 1: Walls
EN 1365-1 Fire resistance tests on loadbearing elements in In preparation BS 476-21:1987
buildings — Part 1: Walls
EN 1366-2 Fire resistance tests on service installations — In preparation —
Part 2: Dampers
Part 3: Penetration seals
Part 4: Linear gap seals
ISO 1000 SI units and recommendations for the use of their Published BS 5555:1993
multiples and of certain other units 1992
a
TheEN standards will in due course be published in the UK as correspondingly numbered BS EN standards.
b
After ENV 1996-2 is published, the corresponding UK document will be DD ENV 1996-2.
vi © BSI 05-1999
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
5.4 Clause 2.1 Performance requirements 5.9 Clause 3.1.5 Fixtures, pipes and cables
5.4.1 Paragraph (1)P Paragraph (1)
Guidance on the structural performance required of Replace the second sentence of (1) with the
a wall and the applicability of the loadbearing, following.
integrity and insulation criteria are given in the For non-loadbearing walls, vertical chases and
relevant supporting documents to the appropriate recesses should leave at least 2/3 of the required
building regulations. minimum thickness of the wall, including any
5.4.2 Paragraph (5)P integrally applied fire resistant finishes such as
plaster, but be not less than 60 mm. Horizontal
The criterion “M” for mechanical impact is not used
and inclined chases and recesses in
within the regulatory context of the United
non–loadbearing walls should leave at least 5/6
Kingdom and is not part of the scope of this NAD.
of the required minimum thickness of the wall,
5.5 Clause 2.2 Actions including any integrally applied fire resistant
Paragraph (1)P finishes such as plaster, but be not less
than 60 mm, and should not be positioned within
Thermal actions may be obtained from
the middle one-third height of the wall. The
ENV 1991-2-2 or from the relevant supporting
width of individual chases and recesses in
documents to the appropriate building regulations.
non-loadbearing walls should be not greater than
However, in some instances, the designer may need
twice the required minimum thickness of the
to consider alternative performance criteria such as
wall, including any integrally applied fire
might be specified for insurance purposes.
resistant finishes such as plaster.
5.6 Clause 3.1.2 Wall types, function
Guidance is given in the relevant supporting
5.6.1 Paragraph (3) documents to the appropriate building regulations
“Non-separating wall” is not a defined term within on matters relating to the passage of pipes and
the regulatory context of the United Kingdom services through separating walls and, in
particular, the need for fire stopping. The EN 1366
5.6.2 Paragraph (4) series is not yet published.
The requirements for external walls should be 5.10 Clause 3.2 Materials for use in masonry
sought from the relevant supporting documents to walls
the appropriate building regulations. No distinction
is to be made for walls less than 1,0 m in length. 5.10.1 Paragraph (3)
5.6.3 Paragraph (5) Frogs should not comprise more than 20 % of the
gross masonry unit volume in order to conform to
“Fire wall” is not a defined term within the the recommendations of paragraph (3) of 3.2
regulatory context of the United Kingdom.
5.10.2 Paragraph (6)
5.7 Clause 3.1.3 Cavity walls
The tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C only apply
Paragraph (3) to walls with filled vertical joints unless alternative
The fire resistance period for a non-loadbearing jointing arrangements are shown by supporting test
cavity wall is limited to a maximum of 240 min data to be adequate.
when fire resistance is determined by this method.
5.11 Clause 3.3 Additional requirements
5.8 Clause 3.1.4 Junctions, joints related to masonry walls
5.8.1 Paragraph (2)P Paragraph (3)P
Replace the text of (2)P with the following. The tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C may be
Joints in walls, or between walls and other fire used for assessing the fire resistance of loadbearing
separating members, shall be designed and and non-loadbearing single-leaf and cavity masonry
constructed so as to meet the required fire walls within the slenderness limitations given in
resistance. clause 3 of this NAD. Loadbearing walls should
additionally meet all regulatory requirements for
5.8.2 Paragraph (3)P structural stability in respect of the individual and
Delete the text of (3)P. combined actions and should be designed in
accordance with ENV 1996-1-1 and its NAD.
© BSI 05-1999 vii

DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
5.12 Annex A Testing the fire resistance of Note that Table C.9 of ENV 1996-1-2 purports to
masonry walls cover loadbearing cavity walls with both leaves
Paragraph (2) loaded. The loading of both leaves is not, however,
applicable in the UK. Table 5 of this NAD therefore
None of these standards has yet been published. gives the appropriate values for loadbearing cavity
Their UK alternatives, where available, are given in walls with one leaf loaded.
Table 1 of this NAD.
Cavity walls comprising two non-loadbearing leaves
5.13 Annex B Guidance on the selection of fire designed in accordance with 3.1.3 3) and Table 4
resistance periods should be limited to a maximum fire resistance
Paragraphs (2) and (3) period of 240 min.
The CEN/TC 127 standards referred to are Table 1 to Table 5 provide generalized data which
EN 1363, EN 1364, EN 1365 and EN 1366, as listed has been derived from fire resistance tests carried
in Table 1 of this NAD. None of these standards has out in accordance with the relevant Parts of BS 476
yet been published. Their UK alternatives, where or its predecessors. For particular applications,
available, are given in Table 1 of this NAD. specific fire resistance test data may be used to
5.14 Annex C Assessment by tables support wall thicknesses less than those given in
the tables.
5.14.1 Paragraph (1)
Where the tables show no wall thickness for a
Fire resistance data for loadbearing masonry in the particular combination of construction material and
United Kingdom is based on tests undertaken on fire resistance, this is either because no standard
walls which are normally subjected to full design thickness of the relevant material will provide that
load, NRd. Non-loadbearing walls are assumed to fire resistance, or because no suitable fire test data
carry no actions other than their own is available. Data for these cases should not be
self-deadweight. Loadbearing walls which are not extrapolated from the remainder of the table.
subjected to full design load, NRd, usually achieve
The data in the tables is based on currently accepted
higher fire resistance performance in respect of the
and published information derived from fire tests
stability criterion, R, than those which are fully
carried out in the United Kingdom. No method has
loaded. Table C.2 gives recommendations for walls
yet been established for incorporating European fire
loaded up to 0,6NRd. test data into harmonized tables. The tables in this
As United Kingdom regulations for the fire safety NAD are presented in the format used in
design of masonry walls do not define or regulate for ENV 1996-1-2.
non-separating walls, fire walls or walls less
Information on types of masonry wall other than
than 1,0 m in length, only the following tables of fire
those described in Tables 2 to 5 is given in
resistance are applicable for use in the
BS 5628-3:1985 and Building Research
United Kingdom. These tables give the thicknesses Establishment Report BR 128 [7].
which should be used in the United Kingdom to
provide standard fire resistance periods for the Use may also be made of alternative sources of data
types of masonry wall construction given in on the results of fire resistance tests of masonry
Tables C.1, C.2, C.5 and C.9 of systems undertaken in accordance with
ENV 1996-1-2:1995. BS 476-20:1987, BS 476-21:1987 or BS 476-22:1987.
Table 2 (Table C.1 of ENV 1996-1-2:1995) 5.14.2 Paragraph (2)
Loadbearing single-leaf walls subject to The data in row a) of the tables applies to walls with
load up to a resistance of NRd ÷ average no plaster finish and to walls with a
¾f; separating function REI. sand-cement/sand-gypsum plaster finish.
Table 3 (Table C.2 of ENV 1996-1-2:1995) In the United Kingdom, row b) of the tables refers to
Loadbearing single-leaf walls subject walls finished with vermiculite gypsum
to load up to a resistance plaster (1½ : 1 to 2 : 1 by volume). Perlite gypsum
of 0,6NRd ÷ average ¾f; separating plaster may be used on fired-clay masonry units and
function REI. other materials with similar surfaces without
Table 4 (Table C.5 of ENV 1996-1-2:1995) affecting the fire performance indicated in these
Non-loadbearing single-leaf walls; tables.
separating function EI. In all instances the finish should be not less
Table 5 (Table C.9 of ENV 1996-1-2:1995) than 13 mm plaster or rendering on each face of a
Loadbearing cavity walls with one leaf single-leaf wall and on the fire-exposed face of a
loaded, subject to load up to a cavity wall.
resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾f;
separating function REI.
viii © BSI 05-1999

DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
5.14.3 Paragraph (5) 5.14.4 Paragraph (6)

The average value of ¾f to be used in the Tables C.3, C.4, C.6, C.7 and C.8 of
United Kingdom is 1,35; see clause 3 of this NAD. ENV 1996-1-2:1995 are not applicable in the United
Kingdom.
Table 3 — Loadbearing single-leaf walls subject to load up to a resistance
of 0,6NRd ÷ average ¾f; separating function REI (equivalent to ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.2)
Material Finisha Minimum masonry thickness
mm
Standard fire resistance

min
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay units conforming to EN 771-1
Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose a) 90 100 100 140 170 200
mortar b) 90 90 100 100 140 170
Group 1 solid units Ô $ 1 200 kg/m3 laid in a) 90 90 100 100 170 170
general-purpose mortar b) 90 90 90 100 100 140
Group 2a units Ô $ 700 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose a) — — — — — —
mortar b) — — — — — —
Group 2b units Ô $ 700 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose or a) — — — — — —
lightweight mortar b) — — — — — —
Group 3 units laid in general-purpose mortar a) — — — — — —
b) — — — — — —
Calcium silicate units conforming to EN 771-2, laid in
general-purpose or thin–layer mortar
Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 a) 90 100 100 170 190 —

b) 90 90 100 100 170 —
Group 1 solid units Ô $ 1 600 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 170 190
b) 90 90 90 100 100 190
Aerated concrete units conforming to EN 771-4, laid in
general-purpose or thin-layer mortar
Group 1 units 400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a) 100 100 100 120 140 150
b) 90 100 100 100 120 150
Group 1 units Ô > 550 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 120 150
b) 90 90 90 90 100 100
Aggregate concrete units conforming to EN 771-3 and
manufactured stone units conforming to EN 771-5, laid in
general-purpose, thin-layer or lightweight mortar
Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a) 70 75 90 90 100 100

b) 60 60 75 75 90 90
Group 1 units Ô > 1 500 kg/m3 a) 75 75 90 90 100 140
b) 60 75 75 75 90 100
b) 75 75 75 90 100 125
Group 2 units Ô > 800 kg/m 3 a) 90 100 125 140 140 150
b) 75 90 90 125 125 140
© BSI 05-1999 ix
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
a
a): for walls with no plaster finish and walls with a sand-cement/sand-gypsum plaster finish;
b): for walls finished with vermiculite gypsum plaster (1½ : 1 to 2 : 1 by volume); see 5.14.2.
Table 4 — Non-loadbearing single-leaf walls; separating function EI (equivalent to

ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.5)
Material Finisha Minimum masonry thickness
mm

min
30 60 90 120 180 240
Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose a) 65 100 100 100 170 200
mortar b) 65 65 90 100 140 170
Group 1 solid units Ô U 1 200 kg/m3 laid in a) 65 65 90 100 170 170
general-purpose mortar b) 65 65 90 100 100 140
Group 2a units Ô U 700 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose a) 215 215 215 215 — —
mortar b) 215 215 215 215 215 215
Group 2b units Ô U 700 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose or a) 215 215 — — — —
lightweight mortar b) — — — — — —
Group 3 units laid in general-purpose mortar a) — — — — — —
b) — — — — — —
Group 1 units Ô U 1 000 kg/m3 a) 65 100 100 100 170 —

b) 65 65 90 100 140 —
Group 1 solid units Ô U 1 600 kg/m3 a) 65 65 90 100 170 170
b) 65 65 90 100 100 170

b) 50 65 70 70 100 100
b) 50 50 50 65 90 100
Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a) 50 70 75 75 90 100

b) 50 50 60 70 75 75
Group 1 units Ô > 1 500 kg/m3 a) 50 75 90 90 100 100
b) 50 60 75 75 90 100
b) 50 50 70 75 90 100
b) 70 80 90 100 125 125
a
a): for walls with no plaster finish and walls with a sand-cement/sand-gypsum plaster finish;
b): for walls finished with vermiculite gypsum plaster (1½ : 1 to 2 : 1 by volume); see 5.14.2.
x © BSI 05-1999
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table 5 — Loadbearing cavity walls with one leaf loaded, subject to load up to a resistance of
NRd ÷ average ¾f; separating function REI (equivalent to ENV 1996-1-2, Table C.9)b
Material used for the fire-exposed face of the wall Finisha Minimum masonry thickness
mm

min
30 60 90 120 180 240
Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose a) 90 90 100 100 — —

mortar b) 90 90 90 100 — —
Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 — —

b) 90 90 100 100 — —
Group 1 units 400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a) 100 100 115 120 — —

b) 90 100 100 100 — —
Group 1 units Ô > 550 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 — —
b) 90 90 90 90 — —
Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 — —

b) 90 90 90 100 — —
Group 1 units Ô > 1 500 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 — —
b) 90 90 90 100 — —
NOTE 1 The tabulated thicknesses are for the loaded leaves of cavity walls where the loaded leaf is subjected to fire.
NOTE 2 For the non-loaded leaves of cavity walls, such as those in some external wall constructions, where the non-loaded leaf is
not directly subjected to fire, the minimum masonry thickness is 100 mm.
For cavity walls where the minimum masonry thickness required is 90 mm, the minimum masonry thickness of the non-loaded leaf
may also be reduced to 90 mm.
The non-loaded leaf may be of a dissimilar material to the loaded leaf, but should otherwise conform to the above material
specifications.
NOTE 3 The cavity should not be less than 50 mm wide.
NOTE 4 For loadbearing cavity walls where both leaves are loaded and for non-loadbearing cavity walls, reference should be made
to clause 3.1.3 of ENV 1996-1-2 and to the relevant tables for single-leaf walls.
a
a): for walls with no plaster finish and walls with a sand-cement/sand-gypsum plaster finish on the fire-exposed face of the loaded
leaf;
b): for walls finished with vermiculite gypsum plaster (1½ : 1 to 2 : 1 by volume) on the fire-exposed face of the loaded leaf;
see 5.14.2
b
Note that this table gives values for loadbearing cavity walls with one leaf loaded, not with both leaves loaded as stated in the
title of Table C.9 of ENV 1996-1-2.
© BSI 05-1999 xi
DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
List of references (see clause 2)
Normative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 187:1978, Specification for calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime) bricks.

BS 476, Fire tests on building materials and structures.
BS 476-20:1987, Method for determination of the fire resistance of elements of construction (general
principles).
BS 476-21:1987, Methods for determination of the fire resistance of loadbearing elements of construction.
BS 476-22:1987, Methods for determination of the fire resistance of non-loadbearing elements of
construction.
BS 3921:1985, Specification for clay bricks.
BS 4729:1990, Specification for dimensions of bricks of special shapes and sizes.
BS 5390:1976, Code of practice for stone masonry.
BS 5555:1993, Specification for SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain
other units.
BS 5628, Code of practice for use of masonry.
BS 5628-3:1985, Materials and components, design and workmanship.
BS 6073, Precast concrete masonry units.
BS 6073-1:1981, Specification for precast concrete masonry units.
BS 6457:1984, Specification for reconstructed stone masonry units.
BS 6649:1985, Specification for clay and calcium silicate modular bricks.
DD ENV 1991, Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions on structures.
DD ENV 1991-1:1996, Basis of design (together with United Kingdom National Application Document).
DD ENV 1991-2-2:1996, Actions on structures exposed to fire (together with United Kingdom National
Application Document).
DD ENV 1996, Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures.
DD ENV 1996-1-1:1996, General rules for buildings— Rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry
(together with United Kingdom National Application Document).
Informative references
[1] DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE WELSH OFFICE. The Building
Regulations 1991, Approved Document A, Structure (1992 Edition). London: HMSO, 1991.
[2] DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE WELSH OFFICE. The Building
Regulations 1991, Approved Document B, Fire Safety (1992 Edition). London: HMSO, 1991.
[3] THE NORTHERN IRELAND OFFICE. The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990, Statutory
Rules of Northern Ireland 1990 No. 59. Belfast: HMSO, 1990.
[4] THE SCOTTISH OFFICE. Technical Standards for compliance with the Building Standards (Scotland)
Regulations 1990. Edinburgh: HMSO, 1990.
[5] EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. 89/106/EEC Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on the
approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to
construction products. Official Journal of the European Communities, L40/12, 11.2.89.
[6] EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. Interpretative Document. Essential Requirement no. 2. Safety in case of
fire. Official Journal of the European Communities, C62/23, 28.2.94.
xii © BSI 05-1999

DD ENV 1996-1-2:1997
[7] MORRIS W.A., READ R.E.H. and COOKE G.M.E., Guidelines for the construction of fire resisting
structural elements. Report BR 128, Building Research Establishment, Department of the
Environment, 1988.
© BSI 05-1999 xiii

xiv blank
EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD ENV 1996-1-2
PRÉNORME EUROPÉENNE
July 1995
EUROPÄISCHE VORNORM
ICS 13.220.50; 91.080.30
Descriptors: Buildings, construction, mansonry work, building codes, computation, fire tests
English version
Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures —

Part 1-2: General rules — Structural fire design
Eurocode 6: Calcul des ouvrages en Eurocode 6: Bemessung und Konstruktion von

maçonnerie — Mauerwerksbauten —
Partie 1-2: Règles générales — Calcul du Teil 1-2: Allgemeine Regeln —
comportement au feu Tragwerksbemessung für den Brandfall
This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 1994-06-10 as a

prospective standard for provisional application. The period of validity of this
ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN
will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question
whether the ENV can be converted into an European Standard (EN).
CEN members are required to announce the existance of this ENV in the same
way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly at national level in
an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in
force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final decision about the possible
conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
© 1995 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all
countries to CEN and its members.
Ref. No. ENV 1996-1-2:1995 E
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Foreword 8) Separate sub-committees have been formed by

CEN/TC250 for the various Eurocodes listed above.
Objectives of the Eurocodes
9) This Part 1-2 of ENV 1996 is being published as a
1) The Structural Eurocodes comprise a group of
European Prestandard (ENV) with an initial life of
standards for the structural and geotechnical design
three years.
of buildings and civil engineering works.
10) This prestandard is intended for experimental
2) They cover execution and control only to the application and for the submission of comments.
extent that it is necessary to indicate the quality of
the construction products, and the standard of 11) After approximately two years, CEN members
workmanship needed on and off site to comply with will be invited to submit formal comments to be
the assumptions of the design rules. taken into account in determining future actions.
3) Until the necessary set of harmonized technical 12) Meanwhile feedback and comments on this
specifications for products and for the methods for prestandard should be sent to the Secretariat of
testing their performance are available, some of the CEN/TC 250/SC6 at the following address:—
Structural Eurocodes cover some of these aspects in DIN
informative annexes. Burggrafenstrasse 6
Background of the Eurocode programme D-10787 Berlin
4) The Commission of the European Communities Germany
(CEC) initiated the work of establishing a set of
or to your national standards organization.
harmonized technical rules for the design of
building and civil engineering works which would National Application Documents (NAD’s)
initially serve as an alternative to the different rules 13) In view of the responsibilities of authorities in
in force in the various member states and would member countries for safety, health and other
ultimately replace them. These technical rules matters covered by the essential requirements of
became known as the Structural Eurocodes. the Construction Products Directive (CPD), certain
5) In 1990, after consulting their respective Member safety elements in this ENV have been assigned
States, the CEC transferred the work of further indicative values which are identified by
development, issue and updating of the Structural (“boxed values”). The authorities in each
Eurocodes to CEN, and the EFTA secretariat agreed
to support the CEN work. member country are expected to review the “boxed
6) CEN Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 is values” and may substitute alternative definitive
responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. values for these safety elements for use in national
application.
Eurocode programme
14) Some of the supporting European or
7) Work is in hand on the following Structural International standards may not be available by the
Eurocodes, each generally consisting of a number of time this prestandard is issued. It is therefore
parts:— anticipated that a National Application Document
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions (NAD) giving any substitute definitive values for
on structures. safety elements, referencing compatible supporting
EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete standards and providing guidance on the national
structures. application of this prestandard, will be issued by
each member country or its standards organisation.
EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures.
15) It is intended that this prestandard is used in
EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel
conjunction with the NAD valid in the country
and concrete structures.
where the building and civil engineering work is
EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber located.
structures.
Matters specific to this prestandard
EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry
16) The scope of Eurocode 6 is defined in clause 1.1.1
structures.
of ENV 1996-1-1 and the scope of this Part of
EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design. Eurocode 6 is defined in clause 1.1. Additional parts
EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for of Eurocode 6 which are planned are indicated in
earthquake resistance. clause 1.1.3 of ENV 1996-1-1.
EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium alloy
structures.
2 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
17) The general objectives of fire protection are to 22) This Part 1-2 of ENV 1996, together with
limit risks with respect to the individual and ENV 1991-2-2, gives differences from or the
society, neighbouring property and, where required, supplements to ENV 1996-1-1 which are necessary
directly exposed property, in the case of fire. so that structures designed according to this set of
18) The Construction Products Structural Eurocodes may also comply with
Directive 89/106/EEC gives the following Essential structural fire resistance requirements.
Requirement for the limitation of fire risks: 23) A full analytical procedure for structural fire
“The construction works must be designed and built design would take into account the behaviour of the
in such a way, that, in the event of an outbreak of structural system at elevated temperatures, the
fire: potential heat exposure and the beneficial effects of
active fire protection systems, together with the
— the load-bearing capacity of the construction
uncertainties associated with these three features
can be assumed for a specified period of time
and the importance of the structure (consequences
— the generation and spread of fire and smoke of failure). At the present time a full analytical
within the works are limited procedure is not available for masonry, but one is
— the spread of fire to neighbouring construction being developed.
works is limited 24) At the present time it is possible to undertake a
— the occupants can leave the works or can be procedure for determining adequate performance
rescued by other means which incorporates some, if not all, of these
— the safety of rescue teams is taken into parameters and to demonstrate that the structure,
consideration.” or its components, will give adequate performance
in a real building fire. However, the principal
19) According to the Interpretative Document
current procedure in European countries is one
“Safety in Case of Fire” the Essential Requirement based on results from standard fire resistance tests.
may be observed by following various fire safety The grading system in regulations, which call for
strategies, including passive and active fire
specific periods of fire resistance, takes into account
protection measures.
(though not explicitly) the features and
20) The Structural Eurocodes deal with specific uncertainties described above.
aspects of passive fire protection in terms of
25) Due to the limitations of the test method, further
designing structures and parts thereof for adequate tests or analyses may be used. Nevertheless, the
load-bearing capacity and for limiting spread as results of standard fire tests form the bulk of the
relevant.
input to calculation methods for structural fire
21) Required functions and levels of performance design. This prestandard therefore deals in the
are generally specified by the national authorities main with design for the standard fire resistance.
— mostly in terms of standard fire resistance rating.
26) Application of this Part of ENV 1996 with the
Where fire safety engineering for assessing passive
thermal actions given in ENV 1991-2-2 is illustrated
and active measures is accepted, requirements by in Table 1.
authorities will be less prescriptive and may allow
for alternative strategies.
Table 1 — Design procedure
Thermal actions given in Design by prescriptive Design by calculation methods given
ENV 1991-2-2 rules/tabulated data given in this in this Part of ENV 1996
Part of ENV 1996
standard temperature-time curve mainly from fire resistance tests not yet applicable
other nominal temperature-time not yet applicable not yet applicable
curves
© BSI 05-1999 3
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Contents Page
Page Table C.6 — Loadbearing walls of
length < 1,0 m subject to load up to a
Foreword 2
resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾f
1 General 5 non-separating function R 17
1.1 Scope 5 Table C.7 — Loadbearing walls of
1.2 Normative references 5 length < 1,0 m subject to load up to a
1.3 Definitions 5 resistance of 0,6 NRd ÷ average ¾f
non-separating function R 18
1.4 Symbols 6
Table C.8 — Fire walls separating and
1.5 Units 7 mechanical impact function REIM 19
2 Basic principles 7 Table C.9 — Loadbearing cavity walls
2.1 Performance requirements 7 with both leaves loaded subject to load
2.2 Actions 7 up to a resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾f
2.3 Design values of material properties 7 separating function REI 20
2.4 Assessment methods 7
3 Fire resistance of masonry walls 7
3.1 General information on the design
of walls 7
3.2 Materials for use in masonry walls 8
3.3 Additional requirements related to
masonry walls 9
3.4 Assessment by testing 10
3.5 Assessment by tables 10
3.6 Assessment by calculation 10
Annex A (normative) Testing the fire
resistance of masonry walls 11
Annex B (informative) Guidance on selection
of fire resistance periods 11
Annex C (informative) Assessment by tables 11
Table 1 — Design procedure 3
Table 3.1 — Requirements for grouping of
masonry units 9
Table C.1 — Loadbearing walls subject to
load up to a resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾f
separating function REI 12
load up to a resistance
of 0,6 NRd ÷ average ¾f separating
function REI 13
load up to a resistance of
NRd ÷ average ¾f non-separating function R 14
load up to a resistance
of 0,6 NRd ÷ average ¾F non-separating
function R 15
Table C.5 — Non-loadbearing walls
separating function EI 16
4 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
1 General EN 771-3, Specification for masonry units —

Part 3: Aerated concrete masonry units.
1.1 Scope EN 771-4, Specification for masonry units —
1) P This Part 1-2 of ENV 1996 deals with the design Part 4: Aggregate concrete masonry units.
of masonry structures for the accidental situation of EN 771-5, Specification for masonry units —
fire exposure and shall be used in conjunction with Part 5: Manufactured stone masonry units.
ENV 1996-1-1 and ENV 1991-2-2. This Part EN 772-13, Methods of test for masonry units —
identifies only differences from or supplements to Part 13: Determination of net and gross dry density
normal design. of masonry units.
2) This Part deals only with passive methods of fire EN 998-2, Specification for mortar for masonry —
protection. Active methods are not covered. Part 2: Masonry mortar.
3) This Part 1-2 of ENV 1996-1 applies to elements EN 1364, Fire resistance tests of non-loadbearing
of building structures which, for reasons of general elements in buildings — Part 1: Partitions —
fire safety, are required to fulfil certain functions in Part 2a: External walls.
exposure to fire, in terms of:
EN 1365, Fire resistance tests of loadbearing
— avoiding premature collapse of the structure elements in buildings — Part 1: Internal walls —
(load-bearing function). Part 2: External walls.
— limiting fire spread (flames, hot gases, EN 1366, Fire resistance tests of service installations
excessive heat) and temperature rise beyond in buildings — Part 2: Dampers —
designated areas (separation failure). Part 3: Penetration seals — Part 4: Linear gap seals.
4) This Part gives Principles and Application Rules EN QQQ, Material properties — Part 5: Masonry.
(see 1.2 in ENV 1996-1-1) for designing structures
ENV 1991, Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions
for specified requirements in respect of the
on structures — Part 2-2: Actions on structures
aforementioned functions and levels of performance.
exposed to fire.
5) This Part applies only to those masonry
ENV 1996, Eurocode 6: Design of masonry
structures, or parts thereof, that are described in
structures — Part 1-1: General rules for buildings —
ENV 1996-1-1 and ENV 1996-21) and are designed
Rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry —
accordingly. This Part deals with the following:
Part 2: Design and selection of materials and use of
— non-loadbearing internal walls. masonry.
— non-loadbearing external walls. 2) Normative reference is made to the following ISO
— loadbearing internal walls with separating or standard
non-separating functions. ISO 1000 SI Units
— loadbearing external walls with separating or
non-separating functions. 1.3 Definitions
1.2 Normative references 1) In addition to those definitions given in
ENV 1996-1-1, the following definitions are used
1) This European prestandard incorporates by (further definitions are given in ENV 1991-2-2):
dated or undated reference, provisions from other
fire compartment
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the an enclosed space in a building that is separated
publications are listed hereafter. For dated from other parts of the same building by enclosing
references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions construction having a specified period of fire
of, any of these publications apply to this European resistance, within which a fire can be contained (or
prestandard only when incorporated in it by from which a fire can be excluded), without
amendment or revision. For undated references the spreading to (or from) another part of the building
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 771-1, Specification for masonry units —
Part 1: Clay masonry units.
EN 771-2, Specification for masonry units —
Part 2: Calcium silicate masonry units.
1)
ENV 1996-2 is in course of preparation.
© BSI 05-1999 5
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
fire resistance separating function

the ability of an element of a building construction the ability of a separating member to prevent fire
to fulfil for a stated period of time the required spread by passage of flames or hot gases
load-bearing function, integrity and/or thermal (cf. integrity) or ignition beyond the exposed surface
insulation specified in the standard fire resistance (cf. thermal insulation) during the relevant fire
test exposure
fire wall separating member
a wall separating two spaces (generally two structural and non-structural member (wall or floor)
buildings) which is designed for fire resistance and forming the enclosure of a fire compartment
structural stability, including resistance to standard fire resistance
horizontal loading (Criterion M) such that, in case of
fire and failure of the structure on one side of the the ability of a structure or part of it (usually only
wall, fire spread beyond the wall is avoided members) to fulfill required functions (loadbearing
function, and/or separating function), for exposure
NOTE In some countries fire wall has been defined as a
separating wall between fire compartment without a to heating according to the standard
requirement for resistance to mechanical impact; the definition temperature-time curve, for a stated period of time
above should not be confused with that more limited one.
structural failure of a wall in the fire situation
integrity criterion “E”
when the wall loses its ability, calculated in
a criterion by which the ability of a separating accordance with ENV 1996-1-1, to carry a load up to
member to prevent passage of flames and hot gases a resistance of NRd divided by average ¾f after a
is assessed certain period of time
loadbearing criterion “R” temperature analysis
a criterion by which the ability of a structure or the procedure of determining the temperature
member to sustain specified actions during the development in members on the basis of the thermal
relevant fire is assessed actions (net heat flux) and the thermal material
loadbearing wall properties of the members and of the protective
flat, membrane-like component predominantly surfaces, where relevant
subjected to compressive stress, for supporting thermal insulation criterion “I”
vertical loads, for example floor loads, and also for a Criterion by which the ability of a separating
supporting horizontal loads, for example wind loads member to prevent excessive transmission of heat is
member analysis (for fire) assessed
the thermal and mechanical analysis of a structural
member exposed to fire in which the member is 1.4 Symbols
considered as isolated, with appropriate support 1) Supplementary to ENV 1996-1-1, the following
and boundary conditions. Indirect fire actions are units and symbols are used:
not considered, except those resulting from thermal NRd design load bearing capacity taking into
gradients account the effects of slenderness and
non-loadbearing wall eccentricity.
flat membrane-like building component that is R 30 or R 60,. . .a member meeting the load
loaded predominantly only by its dead weight and bearing criterion for 30, or 60, minutes in
does not provide bracing for loadbearing walls; standard fire exposure.
however, it may have to transfer horizontal loads E 30 or E 60,. . .a member meeting the integrity
acting on its surface to loadbearing building criterion for 30, or 60, minutes in standard
components such as walls or floors fire exposure.
non-separating wall I 30 or I 60,. . .a member meeting the thermal
loadbearing wall exposed to fire on two or more sides insulation criterion for 30, or 60, minutes
in standard fire exposure.
normal temperature design
M 90 or M 120,. . .a member meeting the
ultimate limit state design for ambient mechanical resistance criterion for 90,
temperatures according to ENV 1996-1-1 for the or 120, minutes in standard fire exposure.
fundamental combination (see ENV 1991-1) average ¾f total characteristic load divided by
total design load (see ENV 1991-1).
6 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
1.5 Units 2) Where rules given in this Part 1-2 of ENV 1996
are only valid for the standard fire exposure, this is
1)P SI units shall be used in conformity with
identified in the relevant clauses.
ISO 1000.
2) Supplementary to ENV 1996-1-1 the following 2.3 Design values of material properties
units should be used in calculations. 1)P Design values of thermal and mechanical
— temperature: °C,K material properties shall be obtained according to
— specific heat: J/kgK the requirements of the calculation method2).
— coefficient of heat transfer: W/m2K 2.4 Assessment methods
— coefficient of thermal conductivity: W/mK 1) Assessment of masonry walls with respect to the
performance requirements in fire (see 2.1) may be
2 Basic principles by:
— testing structural members according to
2.1 Performance requirements
Annex A.
1)P Where mechanical resistance in the case of fire
— sizing and detailing structural members
is required, structures shall be designed and
according to tabulated data.
constructed in such a way that they maintain their
loadbearing function during the relevant fire — calculation.
exposure — criterion R. 2) In this Part, the means of protection against fire
2) Deformation criteria should only be used where should be achieved by following the Principles and
the relevant product specifications for means of Application Rules in Section 3.
protection require consideration of the deformation
of the loadbearing structure. 3 Fire resistance of masonry walls
3)P Where separation is required, the respective 3.1 General information on the design of walls
members shall be designed and constructed in such
3.1.1 General
a way that they maintain their separating function
during the relevant fire exposure ie: 1) This Part applies to walls designed and built in
accordance with Principles and Application Rules of
— no integrity failure due to cracks, holes or
ENV 1996-1-1 and ENV 1996-23).
other openings, which are large enough to cause
fire penetration by hot gases or flame — 3.1.2 Wall types, function
criterion E. 1) From the point of view of fire protection, a
— no insulation failure due to temperatures of distinction is made between non-loadbearing walls
the non-exposed surface exceeding permissible and loadbearing walls and between separating
limits — criterion I. walls and non-separating walls.
4)P The permissible average temperature rise at the 2) Examples of separating walls are walls along
non-exposed surface is limited to 140 K and the escape ways, walls of stair wells, or compartment
maximum rise to 180 K. walls. They serve to prevent fire propagating from
5)P Members shall comply with criteria R, E, or I, M, one place to another. They are exposed to fire on one
as follows: side only.
— loadbearing only: R 3) Examples of non-separating walls are walls
within a fire compartment; they are loadbearing,
— loadbearing and separating: R, E and I
but are subjected to fire on two or more sides.
— separating only: E and I
4) External walls may be separating walls, or
— loadbearing, separating and mechanical non-separating walls as required. External
impact: R, E, I and M separating walls less than 1,0 m in length should be
— separating and mechanical impact: E, I and M treated as non-separating walls.
2.2 Actions
1)P Thermal and mechanical actions shall be
obtained from ENV 1991-2-2.
2) No detailed method is given in this Part, and so no further information is given here.
3) ENV 1996-2 is in course of preparation.
© BSI 05-1999 7
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
5) Fire walls are separating walls that additionally 3.1.5 Fixtures, pipes and cables
are required to resist mechanical impact, for 1) Recesses and chases, that are permitted in
example to separate buildings or fire compartments. ENV 1996-1-1 to be included in loadbearing walls
NOTE See note to definition of fire walls. without the need for separate calculation, can be
3.1.3 Cavity walls assumed not to reduce the period of fire resistance
1) The fire resistance of a cavity wall depends upon given in the tables referred to in 3.5. In
whether one or both leaves of the wall are loaded. non-loadbearing walls, chases and recesses should
When both leaves are loadbearing and carry leave at least & of the required minimum thickness
approximately equal loads, or the two leaves are of wall, including any applied relevant fire resistant
both loaded to their respective capacities NRd finishes, but not less than 60 mm, and be of width
divided by average ¾f, the fire resistance of a cavity not greater than twice the required minimum
wall with leaves of approximately equal thickness is thickness of the wall. Individual cables may pass
defined as the fire resistance of an equivalent single through holes sealed with mortar. Non-combustible
leaf wall of thickness equal to the sum of the pipes may pass through holes, sealed with mortar
thicknesses of the two leaves. (see footnote), if the conduction of heat through the
pipes is not sufficient to infringe the temperature
2) When only one leaf of a cavity wall is loadbearing, criterion I. Groups of cables and pipes of
the resistance of the wall is usually enhanced over combustible material, or individual cables in holes
the fire resistance achieved for the loadbearing leaf not sealed with mortar, may pass through walls only
when considered to act as a single leaf wall. if the method of sealing the penetration has been
NOTE Table C.9 provides resistances for cavity walls. When evaluated by testing according to EN 1366-34).
Table C.1 and Table C.2 indicate that a higher fire resistance for
the loaded leaf of the cavity wall acting as a single leaf wall is 3.2 Materials for use in masonry walls
achieved over the figure given in Table C.9, then this higher fire
resistance rating may be taken as that appropriate to the cavity 1) The Tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C apply
wall. to masonry built with units that comply with
3) The fire resistance of a cavity wall comprising two EN 771-1,2,3,4 and 5. Limitations as to strength
non-loadbearing leaves may be taken as the sum of and density of units are stated in the Tables. If
the fire resistances of the individual leaves. units, eg. with unusual perforation patterns, not
3.1.4 Junctions, joints covered by EN 771-1, EN 771-2, EN 771-3,
EN 771-4 and EN 771-5, are to be used, evaluation
1) This Part applies to walls that extend from one by testing should be carried out.
floor to the next floor or to the roof; it is assumed
that those floors or the roof provide lateral support 2)P Masonry units shall be grouped as
to the top and bottom of the wall, unless its stability Group 1, 2a 2b or 3 for content of holes or
under normal function is achieved by other means, perforations as given in Table 3.1.
for example buttresses or special ties.
2)P Joints, including movement joints, in walls or
between walls and other fire separating members
shall prevent fire spread and meet the fire
resistance requirement of the wall.
3)P Insulating layers in movement joints shall
consist of mineral fibres having a melting point of
not less than 1 000 °C; any cavities shall be tightly
sealed. If other materials are to be used, it shall be
shown by test that they will meet criteria E and I
(see EN 1366-4).
4)
If materials other than mortar are approved by CEN Standards, they may be substituted.
8 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table 3.1 — Requirements for grouping of masonry units

Group of masonry units
1 2a 2b 3
Volume of holes (% of k 25 > 25–45 for clay > 45–55 for clay k 70
the gross volume) units units
(see note 1) > 25–50 for concrete > 50–60 for concrete
aggregate units aggregate units
(see note 2)
Volume of any hole (% k 12,5 k 12,5 for clay k 12,5 for clay Limited by area
of the gross volume) units units (see below)
k 25 for concrete k 25 for concrete
aggregate units aggregate units
Area of any hole Limited by Limited by volume Limited by volume k 2 800 mm2 except for
volume (see above) (see above) units with a single hole
(see above) when the hole should be
k 18 000 mm2
Combined thickness (% U 37,5 U 30 U 20 No requirement
of the overall width)
(see note 3)
NOTE 1 Holes may consist of formed vertical holes through the units or frogs or recesses.
NOTE 2 If there is national experience, based on tests, that confirms that the safety of the masonry is not reduced acceptably when
a higher proportion of holes is incorporated, the limit of 55 % for clay units and 60 % for concrete aggregate units may be increased
for masonry units that are used in the country having the national experience.
NOTE 3 The combined thickness is the thickness of the webs and shells, measured horizontally across the unit at right angles to
the face of the wall.
3) For the purposes of the tables referred to in 3.5 3.3 Additional requirements related to
and Annex C, some thicknesses of walls are further masonry walls
specified to be built in solid units; such units should 1)P Any supporting or stiffening part of a structure
not contain any perforations, but they may contain shall have at least the same fire resistance as the
indentations, for example frogs, grip holes or structure being supported or stiffened.
grooves in the bed face, that will be filled with 2) Flammable thin damp proof materials
mortar in the finished wall. incorporated into a wall may be ignored in assessing
4) The tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C apply to fire resistance.
masonry built with general purpose, lightweight, or 3)P The tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C shall
thin layer mortars complying with EN 998-2 not be used for walls either having a height to
or 1996-1-1, except that the mortar joint thickness thickness ratio greater than the following:
is limited to a maximum of 3 mm when mortars
containing organic binders are used.
— Loadbearing 27
5) Perforated masonry units should not be laid so
that the perforations are at fight angles to the face — Non-loadbearing 40
of the wall, i.e. the wall should not be penetrated by or exceeding the relevant size limits given in
the perforations. ENV 1996-25).
6) Masonry having unfilled vertical joints less
than 5 mm wide, made with units that are designed
to be used in that way, may be treated as being
within the tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C.
5)
ENV 1996-2 is in course of preparation.
© BSI 05-1999 9
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
3.4 Assessment by testing 2) The calculation method may be:

1) For all types of masonry walls the fire resistance — a global structure analysis for simulating the
may be obtained, using the test methods listed behaviour of structural members, subassemblies
in Annex A. or the entire structure
3.5 Assessment by tables or
1) Assessment may be made by means of tables — a simplified calculation model for specific types
giving minimum thicknesses of masonry for stated of member.
periods of fire resistance. 3) The validity of calculation methods should be
NOTE Such tables are not yet available. During the assessed by comparison of calculated fire resistance
experimental ENV phase, it is intended to prepare such tables for with the results of tests.
the EN conversion. Models tables are given in Annex C. NOTE A detailed calculation method is not yet available for
masonry.
3.6 Assessment by calculation
1) The fire resistance of masonry walls may be
assessed by calculation, taking into account the
relevant failure mode in fire exposure, the
temperature dependent material properties, the
slenderness ratio, effects of thermal expansions and
deformations.
10 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Annex A (normative) 2) In arriving at values to be inserted into

Testing the fire resistance of masonry Table C.1 to Table C.9 by consideration of test
walls results, it is important to base the interpretation of
any existing fire test results on the requirements for
1) In this Part 1-2 of ENV 1996 reference is made to the relevant test method from CEN/TC 127. In
the testing of:— particular, allowance should be made for any
a) masonry walls as building elements. difference from that required in the CEN/TC 127
b) service installation. test method in the loading system used in the fire
test on loadbearing walls, for example fixed ends,
c) linear gap seals. free ends or one fixed end and one partly free end.
2) The relevant test methods are 3) In non-loadbearing walls, the restraint system
will also influence the test results and they should
a) EN 1364 Fire resistance tests of be evaluated against the system in the
non-loadbearing elements in CEN/TC 127 method.
buildings.
Part 1 Partitions. Annex C (informative)
Part 2a External walls.
Assessment by tables
b) EN 1365 Fire resistance tests of
loadbearing elements in 1) Table C.1 to Table C.9 are models of tables which
buildings. should give minimum thicknesses of 0omasonry for
the stated periods of fire resistance, made with
Part 1 Internal walls.
units of:
Part 2 External walls.
— Clay complying with EN 771-1
c) EN 1366 Fire resistance tests of service
installations in buildings. — Calcium Silicate complying with EN 771-2
Part 2 Dampers. — Aggregate Concrete complying with EN 771-3
Part 3 Penetration seals. — Autoclaved Aerated Concrete complying with
EN 771-4
Part 4 Linear gap seals.
— Manufactured stone in accordance with
3) Tests on masonry walls should be carried out if EN 771-5
masonry units (perforation percentage or Natural stone walls are not covered.
perforation type, density, dimension), types of
It has not been possible to tabulate the fire
mortar (general purpose mortar, lightweight or thin
performance of such walls in this European
layer mortar) or the combination of units and
prestandard.
mortar that are to be used are not covered in the
tables referred to in 3.5 and Annex C. 2) In these tables, the thicknesses referred to should
be of the masonry itself, excluding finishes, if any.
Annex B (informative) Row a) is for walls without an applied finish or walls
Guidance on selection of fire having a sand-cement rendered finish. Row b) is for
walls having an applied finish of gypsum plaster of
resistance periods
minimum thickness 10 mm.
1) The fire behaviour of a masonry wall depends on 3) The symbol Ô is the gross density of the masonry
— the masonry unit material — clay, calcium units measured according to EN 772-13.
silicate, autoclaved aerated concrete or 4) In these tables, the minimum thickness of a wall
dense/lightweight aggregate concrete; for fire resistance purposes is to be given; the
— the type of unit — solid or hollow (type of holes, thickness required from consideration of
percentage of holes), shell and web thickness; ENV 1996-1-1, or other reasons, for example sound,
— the type of mortar — general purpose, thin may be greater and should then be used.
layer or lightweight mortar; 5) The tables that apply to loadbearing walls are
— the relationship of the applied load to the stated to cover, as appropriate, a load up to a
resistance of the wall; resistance of NRd (or 0,6 NRd) divided by average ¾f,
— the slenderness of the wall; since this is the way in which the load has been
traditionally determined when carrying out fire
— the density of units. tests.
© BSI 05-1999 11
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
6) The use of Table C.3 and Table C.4 is limited to

walls of length greater than 1,0 m. For walls less
than 1,0 m in length, Table C.6 and Table C.7 should
be used.
Table C.1 — Loadbearing walls subject to load up to a resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾r
separating function REI
Material Minimum masonry thickness (mm) for
standard fire resistance (minutes)
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
Group 1 units Ô U 1 000 kg/m3 a)
laid in general purpose mortar b)
Group 1 solid units Ô U 1 200 kg/m3 a)
Group 2a units Ô U 700 kg/m3 a)
Group 2b units Ô U 700 kg/m3 a)
laid in general purpose mortar or lightweight mortar b)
Group 3 units laid in general purpose mortar a)
b)
Calcium silicate: EN 771-2
Laid in general purpose or thin layer mortar
b)
b)
Group 2 units Ô U 500 kg/m3 a)
b)
Aerated concrete units: EN 771-4
Group 1 units laid in general purpose or thin layer mortar
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Aggregate concrete units including manufactured stone EN 771-3 and EN 771-5
Laid in general purpose, thin layer or lightweight mortar
Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1500 kg/m3 a)
b)
Group 1 units Ô > 1 500 kg/m 3 a)
b)
b)
b)
12 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.2 — Loadbearing walls subject to load up to a resistance of 0,6 NRd ÷ average ¾F
separating function REI
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
Group 3 units laid in general a)
purpose mortar b)
b)
b)
b)
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a)
b)
Group 1 units Ô > 1 500 kg/m3 a)
b)
b)
b)
© BSI 05-1999 13
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.3 — Loadbearing walls subject to load up to a resistance of NRd ÷ average ¾F

non-separating function R
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
purpose mortar b)
b)
b)
b)
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
14 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.4 — Loadbearing walls subject to load up to a resistance of 0,6 NRd ÷ average ¾F
non-separating function R
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
purpose mortar b)
b)
b)
b)
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
© BSI 05-1999 15
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.5 — Non-loadbearing walls separating function EI

30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
purpose mortar b)
b)
b)
b)
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
16 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.6 — Loadbearing walls of length < 1,0 m subject to load up to a resistance
of NRd ÷ average ¾f non-separating function R
Material Minimum masonry length (mm) Thickness
standard fire resistance (minutes) (mm)
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
laid in general purpose mortar or lightweight b)
mortar
purpose mortar b)
Group 1 or 2 units Ô U 500 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô k 400 kg/m3 a)
b)
b)
© BSI 05-1999 17
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.7 — Loadbearing walls of length < 1,0 m subject to Load up to a resistance
of 0,6 NRd ÷ average ¾f non-separating function R
Material Minimum masonry length (mm) Thickness
standard fire resistance (minutes) (mm)
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
mortar
purpose mortar b)
b)
Ô U 400 kg/m3 a)
b)
b)
18 © BSI 05-1999
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.8 — Fire walls separating and mechanical impact function REIM
Material Minimum masonry thickness (mm) for Double
standard fire resistance (minutes) leaf
30 60 90 120 180 240 90
Clay: EN 771-1
mortar
purpose mortar b)
Group 1 or 2 units Ô U 1 300 kg/m3 a)
b)
laid in thin layer mortar b)
Group 2 units Ô U 700 kg/m 3 a)
b)
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
laid in thin layer mortar b)
Ô > 550 kg/m 3 a)
laid in general purpose or thin layer mortar b)
Group 1 or 2 units Ô > 800 kg/m3 a)
b)
Group 1 or 2 units 500 k Ô # 800 kg/m 3 a)
b)
© BSI 05-1999 19
ENV 1996-1-2:1997
Table C.9 — Loadbearing cavity walls with both leaves loaded subject to load up to a resistance
of NRd ÷ average ¾f separating function REI
the loaded leaf for standard fire
resistance (minutes)
30 60 90 120 180 240
Clay: EN 771-1
Laid in general purpose mortar and lightweight mortar b)
Group 1 units laid in general purpose mortar and thin layer mortar
400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 550 kg/m3 a)
b)
Aggregate concrete units including manufactured stone EN 771-3 and EN 771-5. Group 1
Units
Laid in general purpose, thin layer mortar and lightweight mortar
Ô k 800 kg/m3 a)
b)
800 < Ô k 1 600 kg/m3 a)
b)
Ô > 1 600 kg/m 3 a)
b)
20 © BSI 05-1999
blank 21
DD ENV
1996-1-2:1997
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DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD ENV

(together with United Kingdom

ICS 13.220.50; 91.080.30

Committees responsible for this

The preparation of this Draft for Development was entrusted to Technical

Association of Consulting Engineers

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Products Association

This Draft for Development,

The following BSI reference

ISBN 0 580 28359 3

© BSI 05-1999 iii

Contents of National Application

Introduction The maximum slenderness ratio for vertically

Table 1 — Reference in ENV 1996-1-2 to other publications

© BSI 05-1999 vii

viii © BSI 05-1999

5.14.3 Paragraph (5) 5.14.4 Paragraph (6)

Standard fire resistance

30 60 90 120 180 240

Clay units conforming to EN 771-1

Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 a) 90 100 100 170 190 —

Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a) 70 75 90 90 100 100

Table 4 — Non-loadbearing single-leaf walls; separating function EI (equivalent to

Standard fire resistance

30 60 90 120 180 240

Clay units conforming to EN 771-1

Group 1 units Ô U 1 000 kg/m3 a) 65 100 100 100 170 —

Group 1 units 400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a) 65 65 70 70 100 100

Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a) 50 70 75 75 90 100

Standard fire resistance

30 60 90 120 180 240

Clay units conforming to EN 771-1

Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 laid in general-purpose a) 90 90 100 100 — —

Group 1 units Ô $ 1 000 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 — —

Group 1 units 400 k Ô k 550 kg/m3 a) 100 100 115 120 — —

Group 1 units 500 k Ô k 1 500 kg/m3 a) 90 90 100 100 — —

List of references (see clause 2)

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 187:1978, Specification for calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime) bricks.

xii © BSI 05-1999

© BSI 05-1999 xiii

ICS 13.220.50; 91.080.30