Prose and Poetry

GENERAL
TYPES OF LITERATURE
PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE JOY A. MALAYANG
TYPES OF LITERATURE
Prose
Poetry
PROSE
PROSE
-is a literary work that is spoken or written
within the common flow of language in
sentences and in paragraph which gives
information, relate events, express ideas,
or present opinions.
TYPES OF PROSE
Fiction
Non-fiction
TYPES OF PROSE
FICTION NON-FICTION
 Refers to any narrative that is  Refers to factual stories that
derived from the imagination. are based on real people and
true events.
1. Biography
1. Novel
2. Short Story 2. History
3. Plays 3. News
4. Legends 4. Diary
5. Fables 5. Anecdote
6. Essay
TYPES OF FICTION
NOVEL
 Is a very long prose
narrative depicting
complex
characterization and plot
which is usually divided
into chapters..
Types of Novel:
1. Gothic Novel – creates atmosphere of mystery and
danger, it involves threat, intrigue and horror.
2. Psychological Novel- explores complex emotional

lives of the characters.
3. Historical Novel- creates atmosphere of an actual

historical period.
SHORT STORY
 Is a short prose fiction narrative depicting a simple
characterization and plot conveying a moral which can be
read in one sitting.
PLAYS
 This is always presented

on a stage and is divided
into acts and each act has
many scenes.
LEGEND
 Is a prose fiction which

attempts to explain the origin
of things, places, objects that
we see around us.
 A legend is a story often

believed to be true and in
which the characters are
usually considered historical
by some.
FABLES
 is a short prose fiction
narrative depicting animal
characters which espouses a
lesson in life.
TYPES OF NON-FICTION
BIOGRAPHY
Is a prose non-fiction detailing
the life of a person written by
another person.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
A biography may be written by
the same person, hence, it is
called autobiography.
HISTORY
 Is a non-fiction record
of events that
transpired in the past.
NEWS
 Is a prose non-fiction
narrative of events that
happen everyday.
DIARY
 Is a personal account of
significant events that happen in
the life of a person.
ANECDOTE
 Is a prose non-fiction
narrative that depicts a single
incident in a personal’s life.
ESSAY
 Is a prose non-fiction which is a formal treatment of an
issue written from the writers personal point of view.
Classifications of essay:
1. Narrative essay- tell a vivid story, usually from one
person's viewpoint. A narrative essay uses all the
story elements — a beginning, middle and ending.
2. Descriptive essay- gives a vivid, detailed description

of something—generally a place or object.
3. Reflective essay- analyzes and interprets work of art.

POETRY
POETRY
-is a literary work expressed in
verse, measure, rhythm, sound,
and imaginative language and
creates an emotional response to
an experience, feeling or fact.
o It has three sub-divisions namely:
1.NARRATIVE POETRY
2.LYRIC POETRY
3.DRAMATIC POETRY
TYPES OF POETRY
NARRATIVE POETRY DRAMATIC POETRY

(Characters, setting, LYRICAL POETRY (Character speaking to
conflict and plot) (Musical in Origin) another character)
a. Tragedy (sad ending)

a. Song (set to music) b. Comedy (happy ending)
a. Epic (adventures of b. Ode (praising and c. Melodrama (sentimental
warrior) glorifying individuals) drama with exaggerated
b. Metrical Tales c. Elegy (sorrow and emotions)
c. Ballad (composed in lamentation) d. Farce (exaggerated
stanza meant to be d. Sonnet (14 lines) comedy)
sung e. Social Play (social issues)
f. Soliluquy (acting of
speaking alone)
NARRATIVE POETRY
• Is a sub-division of poetry
which tells or narrates a
story.
• It may be lengthy as an
epic, or short as ballad
and typically measured
as a metrical tale.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF NARRATIVE POETRY:
BALLAD- is a narrative poem

EPIC- is a narrative METRICAL TALE- is a which depicts a single
poem which accounts narrative poem which incident that transpired in a
the heroic exploits of a narrates a story in a person’s life, it is usually
community’s hero, “metered” or recited during gatherings in
usually involving “measured” number of the past but it may be sung in
superhuman abilities. syllables. the present days.
LYRIC POETRY
• Is a sub-division of
poetry which features
poems intended to be
sung with the
accompaniment of the
musical instrument
called “lyre”.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF LYRIC
POETRY:
SONG- is a lyric ELEGY- is a lyric poem of sad

poem of various theme such as lamentation for the
theme which is meant dead, longing for a missing love,
to be sung in its and a grief for the things beyond
entirety. one’s control.
-sometimes called as epitaph.

ODE- is a lyric poem of noble
and exalted emotion which has
dignified countenance.
SONNET- is a lyric poem of 14 iambic pentameter lines
usually about love and beautiful themes.
Kinds of Sonnets
1. Petrarchan Sonnet (Italian) - has eight line called Octave at
the beginning followed by a six line called Sestet. It rhymes
abba-abba-cde-cde.
2. Shakespearean Sonnet (English)- a lyric poem of lines
written in iambic pentameter with 3 quatrains followed by a
couplet. It rhymes abab-cdcd-efef-gg.
What is foot in poetry?
METER IN POETRY
Types of Meter Pattern Example

CAN YOU BREAK THIS LINES INTO FEET.…
PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER

DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE
MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL
CAN YOU BREAK THIS LINES INTO FEET.…
PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER TETRAMETER
DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE TETRAMETER
MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL PENTAMETER

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF METER.…
PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER TROCHAIC
DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE TROCHAIC
MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL TROCHAIC

SCANSION OF POETRY
PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER Trochaic Tetrameter
DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE Trochaic Tetrameter
MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL Trochaic Pentameter

LET’S LOOK AT THE SCANSION IN THIS POEM
Twinkle, twinkle little star,

How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
Twinkle, twinkle little star,
How I wonder what you are!
LET’S LOOK AT THE SCANSION IN THIS POEM
Twinkle, twinkle little star, Trochaic Trimeter

How I wonder what you are. Trochaic Trimeter
Up above the world so high, TrochaicTrimeter
Like a diamond in the sky. Trochaic Trimeter
Twinkle, twinkle little star, TrochaicTrimeter
How I wonder what you are! Trochaic Trimeter
49
TYPES OF RHYME SCHEME
1. Alternative Rhyme- also known as ABAB rhyme

scheme. It rhymes as ABAB CDCD EFEF GFGF
2. Couplet Rhyme- it contains two line stanzas. It rhymes
AABBCC
3. Mono Rhyme- every line rhymes the same. AAAA
4. Enclosed Rhyme- it uses rhyme scheme of ABBA or
ABA
51
THE ALTERNATIVE
RHYME
52
COUPLET RHYME
54
MONO RHYME
55
ENCLOSED RHYME
56
DRAMATIC POETRY
• Is a sub-division of
poetry which features
poems meant to be
performed on stage.
• Theatre plays and
dramatic presentations
belong to this type.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF DRAMATIC POETRY:
 TRAGEDY- is a dramatic poetry which features a hero

whose hubris or shortcoming eventually causes his downfall
or defeat often ending in a very sad conclusion.
 Ex. HAMLET by William Shakespeare and THE THREE
RATS by Wilfrido Ma. Guerero.
 COMEDY- is a dramatic poetry which is similar with tragedy

except that the hero triumphs and overcomes the odds
towards the end and emerges victoriously.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF DRAMATIC POETRY:
 MELODRAMA- is a dramatic poetry which is a combination of the

elements of the tragedy and comedy yet ends in a happy note.
 FARCE- is a dramatic poetry which is an exaggerated comedy that

aims to elicit laughter.
 SOCIAL PLAY- is a dramatic poetry which tackles social issues and

problems such as poverty, corruption, discrimination, racism, sexism,
among others, with an aim to bring awareness and bring about
positive change
THANK YOU 

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GENERAL

2. Psychological Novel- explores complex emotional

3. Historical Novel- creates atmosphere of an actual

 This is always presented

 Is a prose fiction which

 A legend is a story often

2. Descriptive essay- gives a vivid, detailed description

3. Reflective essay- analyzes and interprets work of art.

NARRATIVE POETRY DRAMATIC POETRY

a. Tragedy (sad ending)

BALLAD- is a narrative poem

SONG- is a lyric ELEGY- is a lyric poem of sad

-sometimes called as epitaph.

Types of Meter Pattern Example

PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER

PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER TETRAMETER

DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE TETRAMETER

MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL PENTAMETER

PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER TROCHAIC

DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE TROCHAIC

MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL TROCHAIC

PETER, PETER, PUMKIN EATER Trochaic Tetrameter

DOUBLE, DOUBLE, TOIL AND TROUBLE Trochaic Tetrameter

MY LOVE IS AS A FEVER LONGING STILL Trochaic Pentameter

Twinkle, twinkle little star,

Twinkle, twinkle little star, Trochaic Trimeter

1. Alternative Rhyme- also known as ABAB rhyme

 TRAGEDY- is a dramatic poetry which features a hero

 COMEDY- is a dramatic poetry which is similar with tragedy

 MELODRAMA- is a dramatic poetry which is a combination of the

 FARCE- is a dramatic poetry which is an exaggerated comedy that

 SOCIAL PLAY- is a dramatic poetry which tackles social issues and

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