UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS UNIVERS ITEITSEKSAMENS

UNISA I~

SOC1501 ( 482756) May/June 2019

Community, Society and Inequality in a Globahsed World:

Introduction to Soc1ology
Du rat1on 2 Hours 100 Marks

EXAMINERS
FIRST DR L MATHEBE
SECOND MS PP NKETE

Closed book exam1nat1on

Th1s exammat1on quest1on paper remams the property of the Umvers1ty of South Afnca and may not be
removed from the examenat1on venue

Th1s paper cons1sts of 17 pages plus mstruct1ons for mark-read1ng sheets Pocket calculators
are not requtred

Th1s exammat1on paper remarns the property of the Umvers1ty of South Afnca and may not be
removed from the exam1nat1on room Please complete the attendance reg1ster on the back
page, tear off and hand to the mv1g1lator

VERY IMPORTANT

1 You are about to answer 60 mult1ple-cho1ce quest1ons If you are sure of the answer
to an 1tem, mark 1t as explamed m the mstructlons If you are not su re of the answer,
you can try to e1ther answer or omtt the 1tem

(a) 1f you answer correctly, you wtll rece1ve a mark, and

(b) 1f you answer rncorrectly, you will not rece1ve a mark S1nce there IS no penalty for
wrong answers, you should try to answer every 1tem m order to obtam the htghest
possible score

2 Read the Instructions on the exammat1on mark-read1ng sheet and follow these
mstructlons carefully After completmg the exam1nat1on, you must hand 1n the
followmg

(a) One mark-readtng sheet

(b) THIS EXAMINATION PAPER.

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QUESTION 1

Choose the correct option. Accordmg to the study guide, which particular moments in
history are the context in which soc1ology emerged as a study of human society?

a The Russ1an Revolution (1917)

b The French Revolution (1789)
c The Second World War (1939-1945)
d The emergence of the lndustnal Revolution 1n Europe wh1ch altered trad1t1onal methods of
product1on
e The mtroduct1on of romant1c love wtthm the 1nst1tutton of marnage

1 band d
2 a , band c
3 a and b
4 b, c, d and e
5 All of the statements are correct

QUESTION 2.

Choose the correct option. Sociology today can be regarded as a science mamly
because it ...

1 applies h1stoncal knowledge m all 1ts research

2 has adopted exactly the same methods as the b1olog1cal sc1ences
3 reJects logtc m favour of meamngs
4 makes use of a systematic approach m study1ng soc1al phenomena
5 uses quest1onna1res 1n all1ts research

QUESTION 3:

Choose the correct option. Sociologists study, among other things ...

a human behaviour
b stereotyptcal beliefs
c soc1al relat1onsh1ps among people
d SOCial InStitUtiOnS

1 a and c
2 Only b
3 a, b, c and d
4 Only d
5 Only a and d

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QUESTION 4·

Choose the correct option The study guide defines the term "soc tal strattfication" as .

a common-sense knowledge
b the ab1lrty to th1nk "ourselves away from fam1llar routmes"
c structured 1nequaht1es between d1fferent group1ngs of people
d secondary soc1al1sat1on
e cultural pract1ces dtffenng from one's own

1 Only a
2 a, band c
3 Only c
4 d and e
5 None of the statements 1s correct

QUESTION 5:

Choose the correct option. lntergenerat1onal mobility is defined as ...

a movement between generations

b vertical mobthty between generations
c lateral mob1hty between generattons
d an 1ndtv1dua!'s own vert1cal mob1llty

1 a and b
2 Only b
3 band c
4 Only d
5 None of the statements 1s correct

QUESTION 6:

Choose the correct option. Which of the following statements ts/are INCORRECT?

a Norms refer to beliefs that are held by members of a population

b Scapegoat1ng IS the pract1ce of JUdgmg other cultures by one's own values
c Subcultures refer to any segments of the population wh1ch are diStingUishable by modes of
behav1our shared by all human cultures
d Values refer to spec1f1c 'rules' that proh1b1t behavtour that 1s regarded as unacceptable

1 Only b
2 a and b
3 band c
4 a, b, c and d
5 a, c and d
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QUESTION 7:

Choose the correct option. According to the study gwde, the concept of 'ethnicity' refers
to.

a a group of people who are believed to share certam phys1cal tra1ts and are genetically
d1st1nct
b the cultural practices and outlooks of a g1ven commumty of people
c a subordinate group of people whose members have s1gmficantly less control or power
over the1r own hves
d an organised group of people assoc1ated together for rehg1ous, cultural or other purposes

1 a and d
2 Only b
3 band d
4 a, c and d
5 None of the above statements 1s correct

QUESTION 8:

The followmg statements are made by a person about his/her own group or about a
group to wh1ch he/she does not belong. Identify the option that is NOT ethnocentric.

1 You do 1t your way, we w1ll do 1t our way

2 We are the chosen race
3 Why do they not act m a c1v1hsed manner?
4 Naturally, we are better
5 They are backward

QUESTION 9:

Choose the correct option. Match the following statements with the appropriate theory
of population.

a The 1dea of zero population growth

b The 1dea of moral restramt
c The 1dea of preventative and pos1t1ve checks
d The 1dea of fam1ly plannmg
e The 1dea of geometnc and anthmetlc growth

Malthus1amsm
11 Neo-Malthus1an1sm

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1 a=1 , b=t, c=1, d=l, e~1

2 a~u. b=t, c=1 , d~u . e=l

3 a=1, b=u, c=u , d=u, e=l
4 a=1, b~ll. c=1 , d=ll, e=1
5 a=u, b=i, c=u, d=l, e=1

QUESTION 1O·

Choose the correct option. Max Weber's conception of an mterpretive sociology refers
to ...

a analys1s of the language wh1ch soc1olog1sts use to descnbe soc1al phenomena

b study1ng class consciousness as a factor m bnng1ng about soc1al order
c the soc1olog1st tnes to understand soc1al act1on by 1nvest1gat1ng the subjeCtive meamng
people g1ve to their behav10ur
d uncovenng the laws wh1ch determtne the consequences of the rat1onal1sat1on of modern hfe

1 a and d
2 a, band c
3 Only c
4 All of the above statements are correct
5 None of the above statements 1s correct

QUESTION 11 i

Choose the correct option. One of the major flaws in Malthus's theory of population IS
that it fails to account for:

a the actual demographic factors determmmg fert1hty decline

b the tremendous 1m pact of the Improvements brought about by modern technology
c the red1stnbut1on efforts of government that occur through tax1ng and spendmg
d how the demand for labour determmed populat1on mob1hty and structure

1 Only a
2 Only d
3 Only c
4 a, band d
5 Only b

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QUESTION 12·

Choose the correct option. The term ... refers to the movement of mdividuals and
groups between d1fferent socioeconomic positions.

1 mob1le groupmg
2 mdustnal movement
3 lateral mob1l1ty
4 soc1al mob1llty
5 vert1cal mobility

QUESTION 13

Choose the correct option. Which of the following shows a similarity in Harriet
Martineau's sociological method and that of the natural scientists.

a It IS 1mportant to look for the mean1ng subjects attach to the1r act1ons

b There are always unmtended consequences to sc1enttfrc experrment 1n laboratones
c Soc1olog1sts must offer explanations, wh1ch use the pnnctples of cause and effect
d Soc1olog1sts must uncover the d1vme forces causmg events and g1v1ng d1rect1on to
processes 1n the soc1al world

1 a, band c
2 band d
3 Only d
4 Only c
5 None of the above statements 1s correct

QUESTION 14:

Which of the followmg statements regarding the soc1ological use of the concept
"culture" is correct?

a Some peop le have no culture

b It 1s poss1ble to say obJeCtively that some cu ltures are morally supenor to others
c There 1s no d1fference between the concepts of culture and soc1ety
d The concept of culture refers on ly to the f1ner thmgs 1n life, such as mus1c, theatre and
ballet
e The concept of culture refers to all the products of the human mmd, mcludmg moraltty and
technology

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1 All of the above-mentroned statements are correct

2 Only a
3 Only e
4 a and b
5 c and d

QUESTION 15.

In 1963 Dr, Martm Luther King Jr sa rd. "We will not be satisfied until JUstice rolls down
like the waters and righteousness like a mighty stream" In soctological terms, justice
and nghteousness can be regarded as examples of

1 examples of matenal culture

2 norms
3 values
4 cultural umversals
5 posrtrve sanctrons

QUESTION 16:

Anthony Giddens (2008) argues the following in another context

"Varying patterns of childrearing and discipline, together w1th contrasting values and
expectattons are found in dtfferent sectors of large-scale societies. It 1s easy to
understand the influence of different types of family background if we think of what life
1s like, say, for a child growmg up in a poor black family living in a run-down city
neighbourhood, compared to one born into an affluent white family in a white suburb.
Of course, few if any children simply take over in an unquestioning way, the outlook of
their parents."

Which of the followmg statement(s) best summarises the argument made by Giddens?

a The pnmary socrahsatron process rs more effectrve among nch chrld ren t han poor children
b The secondary socrahsat1on process rs more effectrve among nch chrldren than poor
chrldren
c Factors such as race and class mfluence the type of pnmary socrallsatron chrldren wrll
recerve Nevertheless, chrldren may transcend the hm1tattons 1mposed on them by their early
socrahsatron
d Factors such as race and class rnfluence the type of pnmary soc1ahsatron chrldren wrll
rece1ve, and th1s early soctahsatton wrll totally determrne how children w1ll act later on rn hfe
e Factors such as race and class Influence the type of secondary socralisatron chrldren w111
rece1ve, and th1s early soc1alrsat1on w1l l totally determme how children w1ll act later on rn hfe

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1 Only a
2 Only c
3 a and d
4 band e
5 All of the above statements are correct

QUESTION 17:

Which of the following is an example of a cultural norm?

1 Do not let children watch age-restncted mov1es

2 Do not steal
3 Do not comm1t murder
4 Do not dnnk and dnve
5 All of the above statements are correct

QUESTION 18:

Choose the correct answer. The fact that people in other countries may engage in
behav1our that is different from the way thtngs are done among ourselves demonstrates

a cultural d1vers1ty
b cultural umversals
c matenal culture
d subcultures
e ethnocentnsm

1 a, b. c, and d
2 band c
3 c, d and e
4 Only d
5 Only a

QUESTION 19:

Choose the option which correctly describes how the concept of cultural change is
treated tn the thought of contemporary sociologists such as Paotr Sztompka.

a Contemporary soc1olog1sts emphas1se the Importance of the role of common values

and norms 1n the mamtenance of soc1al order 1n soc1ety
b Contemporary soc1olog1sts emphasise the Importance of the role of globahsatton m the
transformation of people's values and 1dent1t1es
c Most contemporary soc1olog1sts agree that modern soc1et1es are culturally d1verse
and that the1r nat1onal secunty IS always under threat
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d All contemporary soc1olog1sts agree that globahsat1on affects all soc1et1es m a pos1t1ve
way

1 a, b, and c
2 a and b
3 band c
4 c and d
5 a, b, c and d

QUESTION 20

Which one of the following is NOT an example of secondary socialisation?

1 Learnmg to wnte an essay at the un1vers1ty

2 Learnmg to dnve at a dnvmg school
3 Learnmg to be a nurse
4 Learnmg to eat 1n a soc1ally acceptable manner
5 Learnmg to use the umvers1ty library

QUESTION 21 :

Choose the correct option. Which of the following are cultural universals?

a Some form of language

b English
c Your fam1ly
d Some form of ownership
e Some form of fam1ly

1 a , c and e
2 All of the above are cultural umversals
3 a, d and e
4 a , b, d and e
5 c and d

QUESTION 22 .

Choose the correct option. Lmk the following statements to the appropriate description.

a Rece1v1ng a t1cket for crossmg a red traffic hght

b ReceiVIng a holiday for two for hav1ng the h1ghest turnover at the company employmg me
c Be1ng suspended from umvers1ty for cheatrng m the exam1nat1on

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d Havrng my telephone serv1ce suspended because of arrears 1n payment

e Rece1vrng a ment bonus for a JOb well done

Pos1t1ve sanction
II Negat1ve sanct1on

1 a=u, b=i , c=1. d=u, e=1

2 a=u, b=i, c=u, d=i, e=1
3 a=•. b=u , c=u, d=i, e=1
4 a=u , b=l , c=u , d=n, e=1
5 a=u, b=i, C=i, d=u, e=u

QUESTION 23:

Choose the correct option. Wh1ch slogan can be associated with the spirit of the age
of the Enlightenment?

a He who dares wrns

b Dabbling 1n dark sc1ences
c Dare to know
d Overcome your adversanes

1 Only a
2 a and b
3 b, c and d
4 Only c
5 None of the above statements 1s correct

QUESTION 24:

Choose the correct option Cultural trauma usually occurs when

a there are different cultures that co-ex1st 1n the same geographical env1ronment
b the process of rndustnallsat1on takes place
c there 1s a high level of soc1al mtegrat1on m society
d there are conflicts and sphts In the nat1onal culture of soc1ety

1 a and c
2 b, c and d
3 a and d
4 All of the above statements are correct
5 None of the above statements 1s correct

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QUESTION 25·

Choose the correct option Which of the followmg are political ideals associated
w1th the political revolutions mspired by the Enlightenment?

a The Sun K1ng must rule forever

b Freedom , 1ndJV1dual nghts, human equality, democracy, republican ism
c The poor should be fed cake 1f they do not have bread
d The monarchy must controlleg1slat1ve, execut1ve and JUdiCial power

1 a and c
2 a, band c
3 Only b
4 Only d
5 None of the above statements IS co rrect

QUESTION 26:

Choose the correct answer. The three overarchmg perspectives about globalisat1on are

a the cultural fadd1sts, the economtc determtntsts, the new thmkers

b scepttcs, hyperglobahsers, transformat1onahsts
c hyperrealtsts, s1mulacnsts, postmoderntsts
d rural development movements, new soctal movements, neoltberals

1 a, band c
2 Only c
3 Only b
4 All the above statements are correct
5 None of the above statements 1s correct

QUESTION 27:

Choose the correct answer Which of the followmg are the four types of soc tal
stratification discussed in the study guide?

1 slavery, caste, estates, and class

2 caste, mobility, slavery and estates
3 soc1al mob1hty, class, 1ntergenerat1onal mob1hty, and states
4 class, estates, status, and power
5 None of the above opt1ons 1s correct

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QUESTION 28:

Choose the correct answer Which of the following statements show how
globalisation has affected our lives?

a After our ne1ghbours em1grated to Australia, we ma1nta1ned regular contact w1th them
through the Internet
b S1pho, who lives 1n a black South Afncan township, acqwred most of h1s 1deas about food
and w1ne from watch1ng Amencan mov1es and soap operas
c Dav1d was often arrested for pass offences wh1le he was lookmg for work m Johannesburg
m the 1950s
d The Johannesburg Metro Councrl wants to reduce property tax 1n the hope of attracting
fore1gn mvestors rnto the crty

1 Only a
2 a, band d
3 band d
4 b, c and d
5 a, c and d

QUESTION 29:

Choose the correct answer. Sociologists generally agree on the following as the
different types of societies characterising human social development:

a herb planters, manne travellers, alpme settlers

b core soc1et1es, penpheral soc1et1es, metropolitan socret1es
c hunter-gatherer socret1es, pastoral and settled-agranan soc1etres, trad1t1onal CIVIlisations
d coloma! soc1etres. 1mpenal socret1es, warner socret1es

1 a and b
2 b, c and d
3 Only c
4 Only d
5 All of the above statements are correct

QUESTION 30:

Choose the correct answer Which terms may be associated with postcolonial
theonsing about Identities?

a Father frgures, foundrng fathers

b Plankrng, boarders
c Subaltern, hybndrty
d Xenophobes, ethrcs

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1 a, c and d
2 a and c
3 Only b
4 Only c
5 All of the above statements are correct

QUESTION 31:

Choose the correct answer. Whtch of the following macro-forces have the most d1rect
impact on the social interaction descnbed below?

Mary and John met each other over the 1nternet Mary lives 1n South Afnca , and John lives m
Canada After be1ng m regular 1nternet contact for a year, John flew to South Afnca to meet
Mary, and two months later, they got marned Oesp1te th1s, and except for occas1onal v1s1ts ,
they Will contmue hvmg apart for the 1mmed1ate future, because they both have high-powered
JObs that they cannot g1ve up

a lndustnahsat1on
b Changmg mmonty relations
c Urban1sat1on
d Globahsat1on

1 Only c
2 a , band c
3 band d
4 a, c and d
5 Only d

QUESTION 32:

Choose the INCORRECT statement about postmodern soc1al thought.

a Postmodern soc1al thought 1s cnt1cal of the teleological v1ews of soc1etal

development found m modern soc1al theorres
b Postmodermsm supports the Enlightenment tdeal of moral and soc1al advancement
c Postmodermsm 1s cnt1cal of the metanarrat1ves found 1n modern soc1al theory
d Postmodermsm 1s cnttcal of Enlightenment beliefs about the progress of knowledge

1 a, band c
2 Only a
3 Only b
4 All of the above statements are correct
5 None of the above statements ts correct

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QUESTION 33.

Choose the correct option. Match the following views with the theorist to whom they
apply best.

a Soc1ety IS far more than the sum of 1ts 1nd1v1dual parts

b All human h1story thus far 1s the history of class struggle
c Soc1al act1on IS about the mean1ng that people attach to the1r behaviour
d Soc1et1es are plagued w1th soc1al diVISions 1n terms of class and status

Karl Marx
11 Em1le Durkhe1m
111 MaxWeber

1 a=m, b=1 and 111, c=1n, d=l

2 a=1, b=u, c=m, d=l
3 a=u and 111, b=m, c=u and 111, d=u
4 a=u, b=i, c=m, d=lll
5 a=l and 111, b=m, c=1 , d=u and 111

QUESTION 34:

Choose the correct opt1on Which of the following statements about Weber and Marx are
true?

a Weber only recogn1sed the role of class 1n h1s theory of strat1f1cat1on

b Marx predicted the trans1t1on to commumsm
c Weber emphas1sed rattonal1sat1on
d Weber predicted the transformation of cap1tahst soc1ebes 1nto feudal soc1et1es

1 a, band c
2 band c
3 c and d
4 Only d
5 Only a

QUESTION 35:

Choose the correct option. Weber would not agree w1th Marx's views on class because
Marx's ...

a statement about the central1ty of class conflict IS consrstent w1th h1s v1ews on strattfrcatlon
b vrews 1mply that strat1f1catlon can be reduced to class diVISions only
c v1ews 1gnore other d1v1S1ons wh1ch can also determine the soc1al pos1t1ons of 1nd1v1duals
d v1ews are b1olog1cally determm1st1c
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1 a and c
2 a and d
3 band d
4 band c
5 a, band c

QUESTION 36:

Wh1ch one of the followmg statement(s) about Ourkheim is correct?

a Accordmg to Durkherm some cases of soc1al sohdanty result from factors that grve nse to,
among other thmgs, feelings of aimlessness
b Anom 1e IS a concept descnb1ng the shared feeling of closeness and empathy expenenced
by the members of a soc1ety wh1ch 1s undergoing maJor transformations
c Soc1al facts represent aspects of ltfe that shape people's actrons
d In the change to modern soc1ety, accordmg to Durkhe1m, there 1s a poss1b1llty that normative
drsmtegrat1on and a weakenrng 1n the mfluence of rellgton can occur
e The diVISion of labour represents the tncreasmgly mutual dependence of people on each
other for surv1val

1 a and c
2 a and b
3 a, band e
4 All of the above statements are correct
5 c, d and e

QUESTION 37:

Which of the followmg statements regarding Marx's matenalist conception of history are
correct? The materialist conception of h1story is ...

a an 1dea that explams the changes soc1et1es undergo 1n terms of the1r matenal cond1t1ons
b based on the belief that the economy 1s the dnvmg force behmd soc1etal change
c m contrast to the bel1ef that values and 1deas are the causes of soctal change
d based on the belief that class struggle IS the mot1ve force of history

1 Only a
2 a and b
3 b and d
4 Only d
5 All of the statements are correct

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QUESTION 38·

Wh1ch of the following statement(s) about Weber's theory of soc1al change is correct?

a Weber felt that 1t was wrong to Interpret h1stoncal change solely m terms of econom1c
factors
b Weber felt that 1dea systems fac1l1tated the development of capttal1sm
c Weber's v1ews about Protestanttsm demonstrate that soc1al act1on has untntended
consequences
d Weber bel1eved that the sp1nt of cap1tallsm led to the Protestant eth1c m the West

1 Only d
2 Only b
3 a and b
4 a and c
5 a, band c

QUESTION 39.

Choose the correct option. Although Durkheim, Marx and Weber held divergent v1ews,
some s1milarit1es can sttll be identtfied tn the1r work. Select the statements, which
illustrate this point.

a The nature and h1story of 1ndustnal capitalism IS paramount 1n the1r work on the 1dea of
soc1al change
b They all used the term 'soc1al facts' to 1nvest1gate the cap1tahst system
c They all 1dent1f1ed rat1onallsat1on as a maJor factor
d They are all the found1ng fathers of cap1tahsm

1 Only a
2 Only d
3 a and d
4 None of the above statements Illustrates th1s pomt
5 All of the above statements Illustrate th1s pomt

QUESTION 40.

Choose the correct option In Weber's exploration of the 'Protestant ethic' and the spirit
of capitalism, he attempts to show .

a that Protestanttsm 1s an other-worldly rehg1on, not focusmg on changtng the matenal world
b the tmportant role that Protestantism has played m the nse of mdustnal cap1tallsm

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c that Protestants were consc1ously dnven to behave 1n the same way that businesspeople
normally behave
d that rehg1on does not have any mfluence at all on how people behave 1n the1r da1ly hves

1 Only a
2 a and d
3 band c
4 a, c and d
5 Only c

PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE MARK READING SHEET
CORRECTLY (YOU SHOULD HAVE MARKED ONLY ONE OPTION PER QUESTION.)

ALSO, REMEMBER TO HAND IN THIS EXAMINATION PAPER TOGETHER WITH THE

MARK READING SHEET.

©
UNISA 2019

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