INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
The growing quantities of waste tires dumped into the environment each year is a tremendous and
worldwide issue. According to numerous studies, the global waste tire problem is estimated to be 1
billion, and 1.8 billion used tires are disposed of globally each year. This contributes to approximately 2 –
3 % of the total waste collected. Annually, somewhere around 246 million – 300 million waste tires are
discarded in the United States alone (Pilkington, 2021).
Tires are designed to be long-lasting and safe. Sadly, it is because of this that they are so difficult
to recycle or reuse. Reduced tire consumption is only possible if a country’s economy and society can
significantly decrease their dependence on vehicles for the means of transportation and shipping,
particularly in the context of a growing human world population with more wealth. Tires must be built
with tough materials to resist the rigors of countless thousands of abrasion periods on roadways. They are
made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, synthetic polymer fabric strengthening belts, reinforcing wire
made of high carbon steel, and carbon black or silica fillers. They are also treated with antiozonants and
antioxidants to help them endure deterioration (Pilkington, 2021).
In view of that fact that tires become more resistant to biodegradation, photochemical
decomposition, high temperatures, and chemical reagents due to their cross-linked and complex rubber
structures. Disposing of them is a complicated process. Filling up a landfill, tire retreading, and recycling
are the most frequent ways to dispose of unwanted tires nowadays. However, using those methods can
result in tremendous waste and pollution. As a result, pyrolysis technology is regarded the finest method
for disposing of discarded tires.
Pyrolysis is the heat breakdown of scrap tires in the absence or presence of oxygen. The main
feedstock for pyrolysis is pre-treated automobile or truck tire chips. It's a two-phase process that employs
thermal decomposition to break down rubber into its constituent elements, such as tire-derived fuel
(TDF), synthetic gas, and char, in the absence of oxygen. As the material is heated to 450-500 °C and
higher, cracking and post-cracking occur in stages. One of the best uses of discarded tires is TDF in
cement kilns, paper mills, and power plants. The char can be used as a colorant or filler in low-value
manufacturing processes (Zafar, 2022).
According to Henan Doing Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, in waste tire
pyrolysis the primary chain of the rubber in tires is fractured into monomer, biopolymer, and fragments in
a sealed pyrolysis reactor with suitable heating, which is then polymerized to several kinds of olefins,
thereby converting the volatile chemicals to solid carbon. Fuel oil, incondensable gas, carbon black, and
steel wire are the primary end products. Every product has a unique composition due to pyrolysis
processes, temperature, and other factors. It is possible to convert discarded tires into sustainable energy
using the tire pyrolysis method, without causing secondary pollution to the environment.
This paper aims to review the investigation of the effect of temperature on pyrolysis products
from waste tires in a rotary kiln reactor. In the paper being investigated, a pyrolysis method with a
laboratory-scale rotary kiln was built for waste tire pyrolysis via heat deterioration. Because temperature
has a considerable impact on pyrolysis yields, a wide range of pyrolysis temperatures was examined,
ranging from 400 to 1050 ºC, and the reactor was heated in two portions (temperature raising and
temperature constant sections). The maximum generated pyrolytic oil was determined by analyzing the
yields of pyrolytic oil, gas, and char at various temperatures. Furthermore, functional groups and kinds of
bonds at various temperatures were identified using FT-IR analysis. Finally, the qualities of getting the
most pyrolytic oil, such as distillation, were investigated.
Henan Doing Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. What's tire pyrolysis process, how does
pyrolysis work? Retrieved from.
https://www.wastetireoil.com/Pyrolysis_faq/Pyrolysis_Plant/how_tire_pyrolysis_process_work98
4.html
Pilkington, B. (2021, May 4). Tackling the Global Tire Waste Problem with Pretred. Retrieved from.
https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1227
Zafar, S. (2022, March 2). Disposal of Waste Tires. Retrieved from. https://www.ecomena.org/methods-
for-tire recycling/#:~:text=These%20tires%20are%20among%20the,grinding%2C%20cryogenic
%20grinding%20and%20pyrolysis.

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