History Project On Mesopotamia

RESEARCH TOPIC:
ANCIENT HISTORY IN DEPTH : MESOPOTAMIA

CONTENT :
TOPIC SLIDE NO.

1.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
2.INTRODUCTION 4-5
3.IMPORTANT FEATURES 6-10
4.PRESENT STATUS(SOCIO- 11-12

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to the
Central Board of Secondary Education for including this
project work in our curriculum for the session 2022-23.
I would also like to thanks our Principal mam M/s. Papiya

Mukherjee and our History teacher Mr. Manas Mita and Mr.
Indra Kant Jha for giving me this opportunity of completing
the project.
I extend my whole-hearted thanks to my parents for helping

me in times of difficulties.
NAME - Projukta Chakraborty

CLASS - XI
SECTION - D
INTRODUCTION:-
Mesopotamian Civilization is the most ancient civilization recorded in
human history. Ancient Mesopotamia left a legacy of art, literature
and engineering. The name Mesopotamian derived from two Greek
words i.e Mesos (middle) and Potamos (river).
Timeline in Mesopotamia 3500-2000 B.C. (5500-4000 B.P.) 3500 B.C.

Cities growing across Mesopotamia 3200 B.C. Pictographic record
keeping 3000 B.C. Signs used to write Sumerian 2800 B.C. Legendary
rulers like Gilgamesh 2600 B.C. Royal Tombs of Ur 2400 B.C. Signs
become cuneiform 2300 B.C. Sumerian cities united by King Sargon
of Agade (Akkad)
Mesopotamia is a place situated between Euphrates and Tigris river
which is now a part of Iraq. In the north there is a stretch of upland
called Steppe where animal herding offers people a better livelihood
than agriculture. To the east, tributaries of the Tigris provide routes
of communication into the mountains of Iran. The south is a desert -
and this is where the first cities and writings emerged. The north-
eastern plains and the mountain slopes produced milk, meat and wool
in abundance. As because the ancient civilization developed
inbetween of two rivers that's why the land was fertile, the nearby
rivers provided water and settling farming was practised. These early
farming communities grew to become independent city-states. In
addition to developing the first plows and irrigation canals,
Mesopotamia developed the first form of writing, mathematics,
astronomy and complex architecture. Mesopotamians were probably
the first peoples to use the wheel.
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF
MESOPOTAMIA:-
 MESOPOTAMIA CITY
 1. The world's first cities appeared in Mesopotamia and these
cities were Babylon and Eridu.
 2. Babylon became important when Hammurabi made it his

capital of his kingdom of Babylonia.
 3.Babylonia was destroyed in 698 B.C by Assyrians under

Sennacherib.
 4.Many cities were used as burial grounds where many families

buried belongings and corpses under there homes
JOB SPECIALISATION:-
 1.Some of the jobs in ancient

Mesopotamia included farming,
pottery, weaving, teachers,
astronomers, and livestock
raising
 2.Trading was also a big deal in

Mesopotamia.
SOCIAL CLASSES:-
 There are 6 different social classes in the Ancient Mesopotamia
Hierarchy: Kings, Priest, Scribes, Merchants and Artisans, Commoners,
and Slaves.
 1. King: Was the top rank holder of the social class Ancient
Mesopotamia; the king created the laws for the civilization; served as
the head of the army
 2. Priest: the upper class; considered as the doctors of that time; very
influential because religion was important during that time.
 3. Scribes: the upper class; well educated; undergo a training program
to be a scribe.
 4. Merchants and Artisans: the upper class; had a major role in creating
wealth and growth of the civilization.
 5. Commoners: laboring lower class; engaged in agriculture; not
educated.
 6. The Slaves: were at the bottom of the social class; had no rights and
worked for the upper class.
ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE:-
 1.Arts included paintings, sculptures, and

pictures of life and religion.
 2.Some buildings in Mesopotamia were
ziggurats and the some of the citizens lived
in caves.
 3.Art and poetry was a big part of the
wealthy cities.
 4. Art had religious theme that honored the
gods.
WRITING:-
 1.The earliest writing was based on pictographs,
that were used to communicate basic information.
 2.Over time, the need for writing changed and

cuneiform was developed.
 3.Cuneiform was the official Mesopotamia writing

form.
 4.Mesopotamia scribes recorded daily events,

trade, astronomy, and literature on clay tablets.
 5.They kept excellent records and list of things.

SOCIO - ECONOMICS CONDITIONS OF
MESOPOTAMIA
All of Mesopotamia's social classes lived in the city, including the nobility, the
royals and their families, priests and priestesses, free commoners, clients of the
nobility or temples and slaves.
1. Social conditions: The Mesopotamian society was divided into four levels. The
Royals The Priests Rich landlords and Merchants Slaves Nobles enjoyed
powers by heredity. They commanded great prestige and power in Administration
and Army. Priests and scribes held high posts in the administration. They enjoyed
a high status in the society. Farmers, artists, craftsmen, shopkeepers, and
merchants for pied the third strata and slaves were at the lowest level. They could
be bought and sold. Women enjoyed considerable freedom with right to property.
They had social, religious and economic freedom.
Economic condition: Agriculture was their main occupation,
followed by cattle rearing and dairy farming. They used water
wisely by digging canals from both Euphrates and Tigris.
Mesopotamians also built dykes, embankments and storage
basins to utilise water throughout the year. It is believed that
the Shadoof was developed by them, for artificial irrigation.
Wheat, barley, fruits, and dates were grown in abundance
and exported. Initially, they had a barter system but later
started using metal coins. They exported wooden and fiber
clothes, hides, dates, etc. They imported various metals.
They had trade relations with India and Egypt. Horses and
asses were used as means of transports.

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What were the main occupations of the people in Mesopotamia?

What were the main occupations of the people in Mesopotamia?

What were some important features of Mesopotamian cities?

What were some important features of Mesopotamian cities?

RESEARCH TOPIC:

ANCIENT HISTORY IN DEPTH : MESOPOTAMIA

TOPIC SLIDE NO.

3.IMPORTANT FEATURES 6-10

4.PRESENT STATUS(SOCIO- 11-12

I would also like to thanks our Principal mam M/s. Papiya

I extend my whole-hearted thanks to my parents for helping

NAME - Projukta Chakraborty

Timeline in Mesopotamia 3500-2000 B.C. (5500-4000 B.P.) 3500 B.C.

 2. Babylon became important when Hammurabi made it his

 3.Babylonia was destroyed in 698 B.C by Assyrians under

 4.Many cities were used as burial grounds where many families

 1.Some of the jobs in ancient

 2.Trading was also a big deal in

 1.Arts included paintings, sculptures, and

 2.Over time, the need for writing changed and

 3.Cuneiform was the official Mesopotamia writing

 4.Mesopotamia scribes recorded daily events,

 5.They kept excellent records and list of things.

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