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GBAS

A Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) improves the accuracy and integrity of GPS for aircraft navigation near airports by broadcasting corrections to account for GPS errors. It provides an alternative to the Instrument Landing System (ILS) to support all approach and landing operations. A GBAS facility has reference antennas to measure GPS errors, a processing system to calculate corrections, and a VHF transmitter to broadcast corrections and integrity information to aircraft GBAS avionics. This enables precise approaches down to Category III minima.

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52 views

GBAS

A Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) improves the accuracy and integrity of GPS for aircraft navigation near airports by broadcasting corrections to account for GPS errors. It provides an alternative to the Instrument Landing System (ILS) to support all approach and landing operations. A GBAS facility has reference antennas to measure GPS errors, a processing system to calculate corrections, and a VHF transmitter to broadcast corrections and integrity information to aircraft GBAS avionics. This enables precise approaches down to Category III minima.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Quốc Minh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Satellite Navigation - GBAS - How It

Works
A Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) augments the existing Global
Positioning System (GPS) used in U.S. airspace by providing corrections to aircraft
in the vicinity of an airport in order to improve the accuracy of, and provide
integrity for, these aircrafts' GPS navigational position. The goal of GBAS
implementation is to provide an alternative to the Instrument Landing System (ILS)
supporting the full range of approach and landing operations. Current non-federal
(non-Fed) GBAS installations provide Category I (CAT-I) precision approach service.
CAT-I precision approach services are enabled by a set of ICAO standards referred
to internationally as GBAS Approach Service Type-C (GAST-C). The Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) contributed to the validation of ICAO SARPS for GAST-D GBAS,
which will enable GBAS approaches to CAT III minima. These standards were
effective in 2018, and will be the basis for any vendor wishing to pursue FAA System
Design Approval for a GAST-D GBAS.

GBAS Arc
hitecture

A GBAS Ground Facility typically has three or more GPS antennas, a central
processing system (i.e., a computer), and a VHF Data Broadcast (VDB) transmitter
all locally situated on or near an airport. GBAS airborne equipment consists of a
GPS antenna, a Very High Frequency (VHF) antenna, and associated processing
equipment. On board the aircraft, GBAS avionics within the Multi-Mode Receiver
(MMR) technology allows simultaneous implementation of GPS, GBAS and ILS
using common antennas and hardware. The GBAS Ground Facility uses the VHF
radio link to provide aircraft with GPS corrections, integrity, and approach path
information.

The GBAS, with reference antennas in known surveyed positions, receives signals
from GPS satellites. The reference receivers measure the time of transmission
between the GPS satellite and the reference antennas to estimate the distance the
signal traveled. The GBAS Ground Facility then compares the measured/ estimated
distance with the actual distance based on the broadcast satellite position and the
true GPS reference receiver position, and determines the error in the
measurement. The average error measured by all operational reference receivers
represents the correction term the GBAS avionics needs to apply to the satellite
ranges measured by the GBAS avionics.

The GBAS Ground Facility also monitors general GPS satellite performance. The
GBAS avionics only use GPS satellites for which it receives valid ground corrections.
When the GBAS Ground Facility determines there is a potential problem with a GPS
satellite or when it cannot monitor a GPS satellite, it stops broadcasting
corrections for that particular satellite, effectively preventing the GBAS avionics
from using the satellite.

The GBAS Ground Facility broadcast also includes integrity parameters which
permit the GBAS avionics to compute vertical and lateral error bounds on their
calculated GPS position. This bound is commonly referred to as a protection level.
The broadcast integrity values are set such that the likelihood of the actual error
being larger than the computed protection level is less than 1 in 10 million. The
avionics compares these computed vertical and lateral bounds to a corresponding
set of alert levels. If either of the computed bounds is larger than the
corresponding alert levels, the avionics determines that the aircraft positioning
accuracy is not suitable for the operation. The alert limits are defined in ICAO
standards and are based on the amount of allowable error for a given operation.

The GBAS Ground Facility broadcasts an updated correction message two times
every second through the VDB. The VDB messages contain the corrections, integrity
parameters, GBAS Ground Facility characteristics and approach path guidance for
all installed approaches. The FAA-approved GAST C GBAS can provide up to 48
approaches. The VDB broadcasts the GBAS signal throughout the GBAS coverage
area to avionics in GBAS-equipped aircraft. GBAS provides its service to a local area
(approximately a 23 nautical mile radius). The GBAS service volume is designed to
support aircraft throughout the transition from en-route airspace to precision
approach and landing. ICAO SARPS updates were made in 2018 to allow service
providers to enable extended service volumes; this option has not yet been
exercised in the U.S.

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