Exp 13

Study how the throughput of LTE network varies as the distance
between the ENB and UE (User Equipment) is increased
AIM: To observe Study how the throughput of LTE network varies as the distance
between the ENB and UE (User Equipment) is increased.
APPARATUS:
NetSim Software Version 12.0.18
THEORY:
LTE or Long Term Evolution, commonly known as 4G LTE, is a standard for

wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals.
It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies,
increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface.
The path loss in LTE is the decay of the signal power dissipated due to radiation
on the wireless channels. Path loss may be due to many effects, such as free space
loss, refraction, diffraction, reflection, aperture-medium coupling loss, and
absorption.
Received power (Pr) can be calculated as:
Case 1: When no path loss Received power is same as Transmitted power, i.e., Pr
= Pt
Case 2: When Line of Sight is there, Received power Pr is
Where Gt and Gr are gains of transmitting and receiving antenna respectively.

Here d is the distance between transmitter and receiver, λ is the wavelength of the
transmitted signal and 𝑑0 is reference distance at which channel gain becomes 1.
n is path loss exponent and Pt is transmitted power.
Network Setup:
Open NetSim and click Examples > Experiments > Study-how-throughput-of-
an-LTE-varies- with-Distance > Sample-1 as shown below:
NetSim UI displays the configuration file corresponding to this experiment as
shown below:
PROCEDURE:
Sample 1:
The following set of procedures were done to generate this sample:
NOTE: Before placement of any device grid length should be increased and it
should be 10000 meters X 10000 meters. Click on Environment Settings
present in the ribbon and set grid length as 10000.
Step 1: A network scenario is designed in NetSim GUI comprising of 1 User
Equipment, 1 ENB, 1 MME, 1 Router, and 1 Wired Node in the “LTE/LTE-A”
Network Library.
Step 2: TCP Protocol is disabled in Wired Node 1.
Step 3: The device positions are set as per the below table:
ENB4 UE5
X/Lat 0 50
Y/Lon 0 50
Step 4: In the Interface LTE > Physical Layer > CA1 and CA2 Properties
of ENB 4, Channel Bandwidth is set to 20 MHz for both the carriers.
Step 5: In the General Properties of UE 5 “Velocity (m/s)” parameter is set to 0.
Step 6: The Wired Link Properties are set as follows:

Link Properties Wired Wired Wired
Link 2 Link 3 Link 4
Uplink Speed (Mbps) 100 100 100
Downlink Speed (Mbps) 100 100 100
Uplink BER 0 0 0
Downlink BER 0 0 0
Up Time N/A 0 0
Down Time N/A 0 0
Uplink Propagation Delay 0 0 0
(microsec)
Downlink Propagation 0 0 0
Delay (microsec)
Step 7: The Wireless Link Properties are set as follows:
Link Properties Wireless Link 1

Channel characteristics Path Loss Only
Path Loss Model Log Distance
Path loss Exponent(n) 4
Step 8: Right click on the Application Flow App1 CUSTOM and select
Properties or click on the Application icon present in the top ribbon/toolbar.
A CUSTOM Application is generated from Wired Node 1 i.e. Source to UE 5
i.e. Destination with Packet Size set to 1460 Bytes and Inter Arrival Time set to
165 µs.
The Packet Size and Inter Arrival Time parameters are set such that the
Generation Rate equals 70 Mbps. Generation Rate can be calculated using the
formula:
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠) = 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 (𝐵𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠) ∗ 8/𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

(µ𝑠)
Step 9: Run the Simulation for 10 Seconds. Under Packet Animation,

Don’t Play or Record Animation option is selected for the simulation to run
faster.
NOTE: If users wish to view the packet animation, then select Record
Animation option.
Sample 2:
The following changes in settings are done from the previous sample for the
remaining samples:
Step 1: The device positions are changed as follows:
Change in UE Properties (X,Y)
Sample 2 (100, 100)
Sample 3 (150, 150)
Sample 4 (200, 200)
Sample 5 (250, 250)
Sample 6 (300, 300)
Sample 7 (350, 350)
Sample 8 (400, 400)
Output:
Step 1: Distance calculation:
Calculate the Distance between ENB (x1, y1) and UE (x2, y2) as follows: √(x2-
x1)2+ (y2-y1)2 For example, for Sample 1:
ENB (x1, y1) = (0, 0); UE (x2, y2) = (50, 50);
Distance = √ (50-0)2+ (50-0)2 = √2 × 50 = 50√2 meters.
Step 2: Open any Excel File and note down the distance between the UE
and ENB and the throughput values as shown below:
Sample Distance between UE and ENB Throghput(MBPS)

(meters)
1 50√2 = 70.71 68.8
2 100√2 = 140.42 61.1
3 150√2 = 212.13 54.3
4 200√2 = 282.84 47.3
5 250√2 = 353.55 30.2
6 300√2 = 424.26 19.6
7 350√2 = 494.97 15.6
8 400√2 = 565.68 12.1
Throughput(Mbps)
Comparison Chart:
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70.71140.42212.13282.84353.55424.26494.97565.68
Distance between UE and ENB(m)
To draw these graphs by using Excel “Insert Chart” option and then select
chart type as “Line chart”.
Inference:
As the distance increases between ENB and UE, throughput decreases. The
reason is that as the distance increases between the devices, the received signal
power decreases, and the LTE Phy Rate drops as the signal power reduces.
RESULT:

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Study how the throughput of LTE network varies as the distance

between the ENB and UE (User Equipment) is increased

LTE or Long Term Evolution, commonly known as 4G LTE, is a standard for

Received power (Pr) can be calculated as:

Case 2: When Line of Sight is there, Received power Pr is

Where Gt and Gr are gains of transmitting and receiving antenna respectively.

Step 6: The Wired Link Properties are set as follows:

Step 7: The Wireless Link Properties are set as follows:

Link Properties Wireless Link 1

𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠) = 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 (𝐵𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠) ∗ 8/𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Step 9: Run the Simulation for 10 Seconds. Under Packet Animation,

Distance = √ (50-0)2+ (50-0)2 = √2 × 50 = 50√2 meters.

Sample Distance between UE and ENB Throghput(MBPS)

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