Prison and Jails

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INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION

PRISON

PRISON
- an institution for the imprisonment of persons convicted by final judgment and with a
penalty of more than 3 years.
NOTE: all inmates here are convicted
the population of jail and prison including penal farms and colonies except the personnel are
called inmates or prisoners with the exception of jails whose inmates are undergoing trial of
their respective cases are called detainees.

WHO IS A PRISONER?
-- Is a person confined in jail or prison for the commission of a criminal offense or convicted
and serving in a penal institution. PRISONER
-- Is a person committed to jail or prison by a competent authority for any of the following
reasons:
1. To serve a sentence after conviction
2. Trial
3. Investigation
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
1. Sentenced Prisoners
-- Those who are convicted by final judgment of the crime charged against them.
--They are under the jurisdiction of the penal institution.
2. Detention Prisoners
-- Those who were detained for the violation of law or ordinance and has not yet been
convicted.
-- Manned by the PNP.
3. Those who are on safekeeping -- Includes non-criminal offenders who are detained in
order to protect the community against their harmful behavior (insane person).
NOTE: Safekeeping is the temporary custody of a person or the detention of a person
for his own protection or care, to secure him from liability, harm, injury or danger.
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS
1. Insular or National Prisoners
- Those who were sentenced to serve a prison term of over three (3) years or to pay a fine of
more than one thousand pesos (1,000.00) or both fine and imprisonment. Insular or National
Prisoners
-- Those sentenced to suffer a term of over three (3) years imprisonment but appealed the
judgment and unable to file a bond for their temporary liberty.
2. City Prisoners
- Those who were sentenced to suffer an imprisonment of less than three (3) years or to pay a
fine of not more than one thousand pesos (1,000.00) or both.
-- Includes those who were detained whose cases
were filed with the MTC and those who’s cognizable by the RTC and under preliminary
investigation.
3. Provincial Prisoners
- Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 3
years or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos or both or
- Those detained while waiting for preliminary investigation of their cases cognizable by the
RTC.
4. Municipal Prisoners
- Those confined to serve an imprisonment of not more than 6 months. Those detained therein
whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF


CUSTODY/DANGEROUSNESS
1. Maximum Security
-- This shall include highly dangerous or high security risk who require a high degree of
control.
-- Their movements are restricted and they are not allowed to work outside the institution but
rather assigned to industrial shops with in the prison compound.
-- They wear orange/tangerine color uniform
WHO ARE MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS?
a. 'Those sentenced to death
b. Those whose minimum sentence is 20 years imprisonment
c. Remand inmates or detainees whose sentence is 20 years and above and those whose
sentence is under review by the SC
d. Those with pending cases
e. Recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees
f. Those confined at the RDC
g. Those under disciplinary punishment or safekeeping
h. Those who are criminally insane or with severe personality disorders or emotional
disorders
2. Medium Security
-- This shall include those who cannot be trusted in less secured areas and those whose
conduct or behavior require minimum supervision.
-- They occupy the Medium Security Prison (Camp Sampaguita) and they wear blue color of
uniforms. Generally, they are employed as agricultural workers.
-- They wear blue color of uniform
WHO ARE MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONERS?
a. Those whose minimum sentence is less than 20 years imprisonment
b. Remand inmates or detainees whose sentences are below 20 years
c. Those who are 18 years of age and below, regardless of the case and sentence
d. Those who have 2 or more records of escapes. They are classified as medium security if
they have served 8 years since they were recommitted. Those with one record of escape must
serve 5 years.
e. First offenders sentenced to life imprisonment. They can be classified as medium security
if they have served 5 years in a maximum security prison or less, upon the recommendation
of the superintendent.
3. Minimum Security
-- This shall include those who can be reasonably trusted to serve their sentences under less
restricted conditions
-- They occupy the Minimum Security Prison (Camp Bukang Liwayway)
-- They wear brown color of uniform
WHO ARE MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS?
a. Those with severe physical handicap as certified by the chief medical officer of the prison
b. Those who are 65 years of age and above, without pending case and whose convictions are
not on appeal
c. Those who have serve 1/2 of their minimum sentence or 1/3 of their maximum sentence,
excluding GCTA
d. Those who have 6 months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum sentence.
Color of Uniforms of Inmates as to Security Classification
Maximum Security - tangerine/orange
Medium Security - blue
Minimum Security - brown
Detainee – gray

JAILS
JAILS
-- An institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their
criminal cases and also for the service of those convicted and punished with shorter sentence
usually up to three years.
TYPES OF JAIL
1. Lock-up jail - is a security facility for the temporary detention of person held for
investigation or awaiting preliminary hearing.
2. Ordinary jail - houses both offenders awaiting court action and those serving short
sentences usually up to 3 years.
3. Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp - houses minimum custody offenders serving short
sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work programs. It provides full
employment of prisoners, remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
PROVINCIAL JAILS
Provincial Jails in the Philippines are not under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Corrections
-- They are managed and controlled by the Provincial government
Provincial jail system was first established in for the American regime supervised and
controlled by the provincial government and headed by the Provincial Jail Warden.
THE PHILIPPINE CORRECTIONAL SETUP IS COMPOSED OF FIVE (5)
AGENCIES BELONGING TO THREE (3) DEPARTMENTS NAMELY:
1. Department of Justice. Under this are the
a) Bureau of Corrections,
b) the Parole and Probation Administration and
c) the Board of Pardons and Parole
2. Department of the Interior and Local Government Under this is the
d) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology which runs the city, municipal and district
jails and the provincial jails through their respective provincial governments.
3. Department of Social Welfare and Development. Under this is the
e) Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare which oversees youth rehabilitation center.

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