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    Acids and Bases (E)

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    chamath p.s.a.d amakara
    This document defines acids and bases as compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) in aqueous solution respectively. It distinguishes between strong and weak acids/bases based on degree of ionization. Salts are formed by the reaction of acids and bases. Neutralization occurs when H+ and OH- ions combine to form water. Indicators are used to identify acids and bases, with litmus paper and pH paper being common indicators.

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    Acids and Bases (E)

    Uploaded by

    chamath p.s.a.d amakara
    26 views4 pages
    This document defines acids and bases as compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) in aqueous solution respectively. It distinguishes between strong and weak acids/bases based on degree of ionization. Salts are formed by the reaction of acids and bases. Neutralization occurs when H+ and OH- ions combine to form water. Indicators are used to identify acids and bases, with litmus paper and pH paper being common indicators.

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    This document defines acids and bases as compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) in aqueous solution respectively. It distinguishes between strong and weak acids/bases based on degree of ionization. Salts are formed by the reaction of acids and bases. Neutralization occurs when H+ and OH- ions combine to form water. Indicators are used to identify acids and bases, with litmus paper and pH paper being common indicators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views4 pages

    Acids and Bases (E)

    Uploaded by

    chamath p.s.a.d amakara
    This document defines acids and bases as compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) in aqueous solution respectively. It distinguishes between strong and weak acids/bases based on degree of ionization. Salts are formed by the reaction of acids and bases. Neutralization occurs when H+ and OH- ions combine to form water. Indicators are used to identify acids and bases, with litmus paper and pH paper being common indicators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Acids, Bases and Salts

    Acids Bases
    Chemical compounds which releases hydrogen iohns Chemical compounds which releases hydroxyl ions
    (H+) in an aqueous solution. (OH-) in an aqueous solution.

    Strong Acids Strong Bases


    ✓ Completely ionize and release H+ ions in an ✓ Completely ionize and release OH- ions in
    aqueous medium. an aqueous medium.
    Ex Ex:

    Weak Bases
    Weak Acids
    ✓ Partially ionize and release OH- ions
    ✓ Partially ionize and release H ions
    +
    incompletely.
    incompletely.
    ✓ In an aqueous medium,
    ✓ In an aqueous medium,
    - Some of the base molecules breakdown to
    - Some of the acid molecules breakdown to OH-
    H+
    - Some remain as the base molecule
    - Some remain as the acid molecule
    Examples for weak bases;
    Ammonia solution (NH4OH)
    Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

    Acid
    molecule

    Strong base weak base


    Properties of Acids and Bases
    Acids Bases
    ✓ Concentrated acids are corrosive. ✓ Has a slimy (slippery) texture
    ✓ Generally acids has a sour taste ✓ Generally tastes bitter
    ✓ Reacts with carbonates and ✓ Bases which readily dissolve in
    bicarbonates and release CO2 water are called alkalis
    ✓ Conduct electricity in a aqueous ✓ Dissolve fats and oils
    solution
    ✓ React with metals and release H2

    What is the name given for compounds which do not show acidic or basic properties?

    Salts
    ✓ Acids react with bases and produce salts.
    ✓ When strong acids and strong bases reacts, neutral salts are produced.
    ✓ The salt can be acidic or basic based on the strength of the acid and base which reacts.
    Ex: Sodium chloride (NaCl)
    Copper sulphate (CuSO4)
    Neutralisation reactions
    ✓ Water is produced during any reaction between acids and bases.

    ✓ During a reaction between an acid and a base, the combination of H+ ions with OH-
    ions to form water molecules is known as ‘neutralisation’.
    Acid + Base Salt + Water
    Indicators
    Compounds which are used to identify acids and bases are known as ‘indicators’.

    Litmus Papers
    There are two types of litmus papers.
    • Blue litmus
    • Red litmus
    Both papers are required to identify the acidity/basicity
    of a solution

    The below diagram shows three instances where litmus papers are used to identify
    compounds.
    Which one is the acid? Base ? and the neutral substance?

    A B C

    pH scale

    pH papers are used to identify acids and bases.


    What is the advantage in using pH papers instead of litmus papers?
    Questions
    1. Separate the below compounds as acids, bases and neutral substances.

    Tomatoes, soap, lime juice, lime water, table salt, distilled water, toothpaste,
    digestive juices, ammonia solution, vinegar, milk of magnesia, sugar solution

    Acids Bases Neutral

    2. Milk of magnesia is a medicine taken for acidity in stomach. Explain how it helps to
    control the acidity in stomach?
    3. Complete the below neutralization reactions.
    • NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq)
    • KOH (aq) + HCl (aq)
    • Mg(OH)2 (aq) + HNO3 (aq)
    • NaOH(aq) + HNO3 (aq)

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