Sec 4 Science Physics SA2 2018 North Vista PDF

5018 Sec 4 Science Physics SA2 - North Vista
2
1 The diagram shows a simple pendulum. It swings between X and Z.
X Z
Y
motion
What sequence should be timed to measure the period of the pendulum?
A XÆY C XÆZÆY
B XÆZ D XÆZÆX
2 The diagram shows a vernier V placed against a scale S.
0 5 10 V
S
5 6
What is the vernier reading?
A 5.23cm C 5.36cm
B 5.33cm D 5.63cm
3 The graph shows how the distance travelled by a motorcycle changes with time.
distance
R S
P
0 time
Which statement is correct?
A at P, the motorcycle is decelerating

B at Q, the motorcycle has constant acceleration
C at R, the motorcycle is slowing down
D at S, the motorcycle has constant speed
www.KiasuExamPaper.com
193
3
4 The wheel of a moving car is driven by the engine. The car is accelerating in the direction
shown.
In which direction does the frictional force between the wheel and the road surface act?
wheel
direction of
A acceleration of car
road surface
B D
5 An object with a mass of 15kg on the Earth is taken to Mars.
The gravitational field strength on the Earth is 10N/kg and on the Mars is 3.7N/kg.
What are the mass and weight of the object on the Mars?
mass / kg weight / N
A 15 56
B 15 150
C 41 15
D 41 150
6 A chair weighing 50N stands on four legs, each having an area of contact of 0.0020m2.
What is the pressure of the chair on the floor?
A 6250Pa C 12 500Pa
B 10 000Pa D 25 000Pa
7 When a 200N force is applied to a box weighing 400N, the box moves 2.0m horizontally
in 20s.
What is the average power?
200N
2.0m
400N
A 20W C 60W
B 400W D 1200W
194
4
8 The diagrams show cross-sections of four solid objects.
Which object is the least stable?
A B C D
9 A student has a large tank of water in which he wants to set up a convection current.
Which arrangement would not allow him to do this?
water
Y
Z
A cooling at X C heating at Y
B heating at X D heating at Z
10 A solid is heated.
Which statement is incorrect?
A The average distance between the molecules increases.

B The average speed of the molecules increases.
C The molecules expand.
D The molecules gain energy.
11 It takes 0.20s to generate one complete wave in a ripple tank.
The wavelength of each wave produced is 4.0cm.
What is the speed of the wave?
A 0.80cm/s
B 1.3cm/s
C 5.0cm/s
D 20cm/s
195
5
12 The diagram shows an object placed in front of a plane mirror.
Which diagram shows the correct mirror image of the object as seen in the plane mirror?
A B C D
13 A projector has a converging lens that projects an image from the visualiser onto a screen.
What type of image is produced?
A real, inverted, magnified

B real, upright, same size
C virtual, inverted, same size
D virtual, upright, magnified
14 Which of the following sets of electromagnetic waves have higher frequencies than visible
light?
A Radio waves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation

B Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation
C X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation
D X-rays, microwaves, infrared radiation
15 The diagram shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope trace for a note emitted by a guitar.
If the same note is played again, but softer, how will the trace change?
A The peaks will be closer together.

B The peaks will be further apart.
C The peaks will be higher.
D The peaks will be lower.
196
6
16 Which diagram shows the incorrect electric field lines between 2 charged objects?
A C
B D
17 A 0.40m length of resistance wire with a cross-sectional area of 0.20mm2 has a resistance
of 2.0 .
Which wire of the same material will also have a resistance of 2.0 ?
wire length / m area / mm2

A 0.20 0.20
B 0.20 0.40
C 0.80 0.10
D 0.80 0.40
18 An electric oven is connected to the mains supply using insulated copper wires.
The wires become very warm.
What can be done to reduce the amount of heat produced in the insulated copper wires?
A use thicker copper wires

B use thicker insulation
C use thinner copper wires
D use thinner insulation
197
7
19 What are the poles of the electromagnet at X and Y?
X
X Y
X Y
A North North
B North South
C South North
D South South
20 The diagram shows the magnetic field pattern between two bar magnets.
magnet magnet
Which two bar magnets produce this pattern?
A S N S N
B S N N S
C N S S N
D N S N S
198
Section A (45 marks)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a stone supported by two strings. The tensions in the two strings are 3.0N
and 4.0N.
4.0N 3.0N
45° 75°
horizontal
h
stone
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)
(a) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram to show the resultant of the two
tensions. [2]
Determine the size and direction of the resultant force.
scale: ......................... [1]
resultant force = …………………….N [1]
direction of resultant force = ......................................................................... [1]
(b) State the weight of the stone.
weight = ...........................N [1]
199
2 A boy pulls a crate along a table with a force P, as shown in Fig. 2.1. When the crate is
moving, there is a frictional force of 1.0N acting as shown. Fig. 2.2 shows how the
acceleration, a of the crate varies with P.
1.5
a
m/s2
crate P
1.0N 1.0
Fig. 2.1
0.5
0
0 1
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
P/N
Fig. 2.2
(a) Explain why P must be greater than 1.0N for the crate to accelerate.
…………………………...................................................................................................
………………………….............................................................................................. [1]
(b) By using P = 6.0N in Fig. 2.2, calculate the mass of the crate, m.
m = ………………………… kg [2]
(c) The force P is reduced to 1.0N.
State and explain what happens to the crate.
…………………………...................................................................................................
…………………………...................................................................................................
………………………….............................................................................................. [2]
200
3 The 'torture tool' shown in Fig. 3.1 was used in medieval times as an instrument of torture
by lowering the victim, strapped to the seat, into the cold water of the sea. The total mass
of the torture tool is 120kg. The torture tool can be balanced, when no victim is present, by
a flat stone of mass 100kg placed at a distance of 2.0m from the pivot.
seat for stone

victim plank
sea
2.0m
Fig. 3.1
(a) Explain what is meant by centre of gravity.
........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw and label a possible position of the weight of the torture tool to
keep it balanced. [1]
(ii) Hence, calculate the distance of the centre of gravity of the torture tool to the
pivot.
(gravitational field strength, g = 10N/kg)
distance = ..........................m [2]
(c) A victim is strapped onto the seat. The torture tool starts to rotate anticlockwise
about the pivot.
Suggest and explain one method that the operator can do to keep the torture tool
horizontal again.
........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2]
201
4 Fig. 4.1 shows the design of the rail of a roller-coaster with a mass of 2000kg.
boarding starting
site point
10m rail
A
130m
60m
Fig. 4.1
(a) The roller-coaster starts to accelerate from rest at a constant rate after the
passengers are on board at the boarding site. The distance between the boarding
site and the starting point is 10m. The roller-coaster passes through the starting point
at a speed of 1.5m/s.
(i) On Fig. 4.2, sketch the speed-time graph to show the motion of the roller-
coaster between the boarding site and the starting point. Label all necessary
value(s) on the axes. [1]
speed
m/s
time/s
Fig. 4.2
(ii) Using Fig. 4.2, show that the time taken for the roller-coaster to accelerate to a
speed of 1.5m/s is 13s. [2]
202
(iii) Hence, calculate the acceleration of the roller-coaster in the first 13s.
acceleration = ...............................m/s2 [2]
(b) The distance along the rail from the starting point to point A is 180m and the average
friction acting on the roller-coaster is 350N.
(i) Calculate the work done against friction when the roller-coaster travels from the
starting point to point A.
work done against friction = .............................J [2]
(ii) Hence, calculate the kinetic energy of the roller-coaster at point A.
kinetic energy = ..............................J [3]
203
5 Fig. 5.1 shows a transparent block in air.
light ray
(not to scale)
Fig. 5.1
A light ray enters the block at A and is refracted towards B. At B, the light is refracted
along the surface of the block. The refractive index of the block is 1.55.
(a) On Fig. 5.1, label
(i) at A, the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction r, [1]
(ii) at B, the critical angle . [1]
(b) Calculate the critical angle .
= ………………………………… ° [2]
(c) The block is replaced by another block which has a higher refractive index.
State one change, if any, to the light ray at the top surface.
……………………………….……………………………………………………………… [1]
204
6 Ultrasound is used to find the distance from the ship to the seabed as shown in Fig. 6.1.
electronic system
reflected ultrasound
emitted ultrasound
seabed
Fig. 6.1
Ultrasound waves are similar to sound waves but have a frequency that is too high to be
heard by humans.
(a) State what is meant by frequency.
…………………………………………………………..………………………………….. [1]
(b) State the highest frequency of sound that can be heard by humans.
…………………………………………………………..………………………………….. [1]
(c) The speed of ultrasound in water is 1500m/s. The time taken for the ultrasound to be
emitted and reflected back to the electronic system is 0.80s.
Calculate the distance between the ship and the seabed.
distance = …………………………….. m [2]
205
7 An electric fence is used to keep the cow in one part of a field as shown in Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.1
The wire of the fence gives out short high-voltage pulses that each last for 0.10s.
When the cow touches the wire of the fence, a current of 0.015A passes through its body
into the ground. This current is not enough to harm the cow but gives it an electric shock.
(a) Calculate the charge that passes through the cow when it gets an electric shock.
charge = …………………………. [3]
(b) The potential difference between the wire of the fence and the ground is 3000V.
Calculate the energy contained in the high-voltage pulse.
energy = …………………………. J [2]
206
8 A rigid wire is held between the poles of a magnet as shown in Fig 8.1.
force
force
Fig. 8.1
There is a force on the wire in an upward direction when the current flows in the wire.
(a) On Fig. 8.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the current in the wire. [1]
(b) State two ways to increase the magnitude of the force on this wire.
1 ……………………….………………………………………………………………………..
2 …………………………….…………………………………………………….………… [2]
(c) State one change that can be made to cause a downward force on the wire.
...…………………………….…………………………………………………….………… [1]
10
207
Section B (20 marks)
Answer any two questions in the spaces provided.
9 (a) Thermal flasks are used to store hot liquids and keep them warm for a period of time.
There are two types of thermal flasks. One makes use of foam as the insulating
material and the other one, vacuum as shown in Fig. 9.1 and Fig. 9.2 respectively.
stopper stopper
double-wall
silvered glass
vacuum
hot liquid hot liquid
foam insulated
support
Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2
The foam traps small pockets of air between them.
(i) Explain why the foam in Fig. 9.1 reduces loss of thermal energy by conduction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Explain why the vacuum between the double glass walls in Fig. 9.2 provides a
better heat insulation than foam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(iii) Explain why the silvered glass in Fig. 9.2 helps to keep the liquid hot for a longer
period of time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
11
208
(b) A staff in a restaurant puts water at room temperature T 1 into the freezer of a
refrigerator to make ice cubes. The cooling curve of the water is shown in Fig. 9.3.
temperature/°C
T1
A
T2 B
T3 C
time/min
Fig. 9.3
(i) State the physical meaning of temperature T 2 .
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Describe the arrangement of the molecules of the substance at point A.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(iii) Describe the changes, if any, that occur to the motion of the molecules of the
substance as it cools from B to C.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(c) Explain, in terms of the kinetic theory, why a cooling effect occurs when water
evaporates from the surface of the skin.
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2]
12
209
10 A thermistor is a resistor that changes its resistance with temperature. Component T is a
thermistor connected in series with a resistor U of resistance 500 and a 9.0V battery as
shown in Fig. 10.1.
T
9.0V
U 500
Fig. 10.1
Fig. 10.2 shows the variation with temperature of the resistance of T.
1600
1400
1200
1000
resistance/
800
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature/°C
Fig. 10.2
(a) When the temperature is 60°C,
(i) use Fig.10.2 to determine the resistance of T,
resistance = ……………………………. [1]
(ii) calculate the current in the circuit,
current = ……………………………. A [2]
13
210
(iii) calculate the potential difference across resistor U.
potential difference = ……………………………. V [1]
(b) The temperature drops from 60°C to 30°C.
State and explain what happens to
(i) the current in the circuit,
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(ii) the potential difference across resistor U,
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(iii) the potential difference across thermistor T.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(c) When the circuit in Fig. 10.1 is in use, a fuse is connected to the circuit.
State the function of a fuse and describe how it works.
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2]
14
211
11 An air-conditioner with a remote controller is shown in Fig. 11.1.
Fig. 11.1
The air-conditioner is installed at the top of the wall near the ceiling and is operated using
the remote controller.
(a) Describe and explain why the air-conditioner is installed at the top of the wall.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
……………………………………………….……………………………………………… [2]
(b) State the component of the electromagnetic spectrum used by the remote controller
to operate the air-conditioner.
……………………………………………….……………………………………………… [1]
(c) The air-conditioner was switched on for 8 hours and used 4.0kWh of electrical energy.
(i) If the cost per kWh is $0.30, calculate the cost of using the air-conditioner.
cost = $ ………………………. [1]
(ii) Calculate the power consumption of the air-conditioner.
power = …………………………..W [2]
15
212
(d) The air-conditioner is connected to the main supply by a circuit breaker, as shown in
Fig. 11.2.
pivot
Fig. 11.2
When a fault develops, the circuit breaker switches off the current. The circuit
breaker with the current switched off is shown in Fig. 11.3.
pivot
Fig. 11.3
(i) State the type of fault that could cause the circuit breaker to operate.
……………………………………………….…………………………………...…… [1]
(ii) Describe how the circuit breaker switches off the current.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
End of Paper
16
213
214
8
Explanations
No. Reasoning
1 D
X Æ Z Æ X is one complete oscillation.
Period is time for one complete oscillation.
2 B
Main scale = 5.30cm, Vernier scale = 0.03cm
Observed reading = 5.33cm
3 C
at P, the motorcycle is decelerating accelerating
at Q, the motorcycle has constant acceleration constant speed
spe
peed
peed
at R, the motorcycle is slowing down
at S, the motorcycle has constant speed is at rest
4 D
Wheel rotates clockwise. Thus friction acts against the motion.
5 A
Mass remains unchanged on the Earth
E rt
Ea rth and
a d on the
an e Mars.
Mar
a s.
s
W = mg = 15 × 3.7 = 56N
6 A
P = F/A = 50 / (0.002 × 4) = 625
250P
0Pa
6250Paa
7 A
Work done = F × d = 200 20 00 × 2 = 400J
40
There is no work
wo done
don
one e by tthe 400N
he 4 00N force as the distance travelled is perpendicular to
the force.
e
Powerr = wo
work
w done
rk d one
on e / ti m = 400 / 20 = 20W
time
8 D
bas
asse area & high centre of gravity
Smallest base
9 B
Heating at X, hot water is less dense and remains at the top. No convection current.
10 C
Molecules cannot expand!
11 D
f = 1/T = 1/0.20 =5.0Hz
= = 5 × 4 = 20 /
12 B
Characteristic of image formed by a plane mirror apply
215
9
13 A
Image formed is larger, it is real and inverted as it can be projected onto a screen.
14 C
Gamma rays, x-rays and UV rays have higher frequencies and short wavelengths
compared to visible light
15 D
Softer sound produced lower amplitude
16 A
Electric field flow from positive to negative
17 D
Ratio of length and area is 2
18 A
Thicker wire has lower resistance thus producing less heat
19 C
Using right hand grip rule
20 C
Like poles repels and magnetic field go into the S-pole
216
Marking Scheme
No. Solutions Marks

1a Scale 1cm : 0.5N OR 2cm : 1N OR 3cm : 1N 1 mark
Correct resultant force with double arrowheads ma

ark
1 mark
Forces labelled (with arrowhead) and correct angle ma
ark
1 mark
6.2N)
Resultant force = 12.1cm × 0.5 = 6.05N (5.9N to 6.2N) 1 mark
35
5° from 3.0N
Direction of resultant force = 25° from 4.0N OR 35° 1 mark
(±2°)
1b Weight of stone = 6.05N (same

e as 1a)
a 1 mark (Allow ECF)
2a There will be a resultant force acting to

to the
the right
righ
ri ghtt on the crate. 1 mark
2b When P = 6.0N, a = 1.25m/s2

F net = ma
6.0 - 1.0 = m × 1 .25
25
1.25 1 mark (F net )
m = 4.0kg 1 mark (mass)
2c The crate
crrat
a e continues
cont
co ntin
inue
u s to move forward at a constant speed. / 1 mark
travel at zzero
ero
er o ac
acceleration.
cce
cele
lera
ration.
P is equal
equual aand
nd opposite to frictional force and there is no 1 mark (either 1)
resultant force
forc
r e acting on the crate.
3a A point where the whole weight of the object seems / appears to 1 mark
act.
3bi 1 mark
Weight is acting to
the left of the pivot
weight
17
217
3bii Take moment about pivot,
Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment
1200 × d = 1000 × 2 1 mark
d = 1.67m 1 mark
3c Shift the stone to the end of the plank to increase the 1 mark
perpendicular distance.
OR
Replace the stone with a larger mass / Add more stones to

increase the force applied on the plank.
The clockwise moment produced by the weight of the stone from 1 mark
the pivot increases.
4ai
1 mark
maark
dn
(did o p
ot
not enal
ena ize
penalize
1.5 for mi
miss
ssin
ing
missing g
speed 1.5m
5m/s
/s))
1.5m/s)
m/s
/
time/s
/
4aii Distance = Area under graph

10 = × × 1.5 1 mark
1 mark
t = 13s (Shown)
4aiii = =
. 1 mark
= 0.115 m/s2
1 mark
4bi Work done
e against
agaiins
nstt friction
on = f × d = 350 × 180 1 mark
= 63000 J 1 mark
4bii Total energy

ener
en ergy
gy a
att st
star
starting
a tiing point
poi
o nt = Total energy at A
GPE + KE = G PE + K
GPE KEE + WD against friction LHS 1mark,
(2000×10
0×1
×130
3 ) + ( × 2000 × 1.5 ) = (2000×10×60) + KE + 63000
(2000×10×130) RHS 1 mark
KE = 13400
1340000J
0000
00J 1 mark
18
218
5a Part (i) 1 mark
B Part (ii) 1mark
(ii) c
A (i) r
(i) i
light ray
(not to scale)
5b 1 ma working
1 mark
= = 40.177 = 40.2°
1.55 mark answer
1 mark
5c Total internal reflection occurs. / the light ray will be internally 1 mark
ma
ark
reflected. / reflect back into the block
6a The number of complete waves/oscillation in one second.

second
d. 1 mark
mark
6b 20000Hz or 20kHz 1 markk
6c = ×
= 1500 × 0.8 = 1200 1 mark
ma
ark
1200 1 mark
= = 600
2
7a = = 0.015 × 0.1 1 mark working

= 0.0015 1 mark answer
1 mark unit
7b = = 3000 × 0.0015 = 4.5JJ 1 mark working
1 mark answer
8a
force
forc
rce
forcee 1 mark
8b Increase the current in the wire by increasing the emf of the 1 mark
source
using a stronger magnet to Increase the strength of the 1mark
magnetic field
8c Reverse the direction of the current flow 1 mark for any

Swop the poles of the magnet to reverse the magnetic field correct answer
19
219
9ai The foam traps air and air is a poor conductor of thermal energy. 1 mark
9aii There is no heat transfer by conduction and convection in 1 mark

vacuum.
Conduction and convection requires a medium for energy 1 mark

transfer. However, there is no medium in a vacuum.
9aiii Silvered surfaces are poor emitters / good reflector of thermal 1 mark
energy.
1 mark
The rate of heat lost from the hot liquid to the surrounding by
radiation is smaller. / The thermal energy is reflected back into
the liquid.
9bi Freezing point of water OR melting point of ice 1 mark

ma
ark
9bii Molecules are packed relatively close together in a ra

rand
random
ndom
nd om 1 mark
ma
ark
arrangement.
9biii The solid molecules vibrate about their fixed position

posiitiio
onn slower.
slo
lowe
werr.. 1 markk
9c During evaporation, the water molecules absorb heat

hea
eat from
from the
fro
fr he 1 mark
ma
ark
skin.
The more energetic water molecules leave the surface of the he
skin and the average kinetic energy of the remaining
g molecules
es 1 mark
decreases.
10ai 400 1 mark
10aii Total R = 400+500 = 900 1 mark
9.0
9.0
0 1 mark
= = = 0.010
900
90
00
10aiii = = 0.010
0.01
0 0 × 500 = 5.0 1 mark
10bi The current

curr
r en
entt in
n the
the circuit
cirrcu
cuit
it decreases,
d creases, when temperature
de 1 mark
decreases,
decreaase es, the
the
h resistance
res
esis
ista
tance of thermistor T increases causing the
effective re
resi
s st
stan
ance to increase and since = , current
resistance 1 mark
decreases when
w en R increases.
wh
10bii since = ,the current decreases and resistance of U remains 1 mark

the same, the p.d. across resistor U decreases.
10biii Since the p.d. across T and U is equal to the emf / 9.0V, the p.d. 1 mark
across T will increase when the p.d. across resistor U
decreases.
10c A fuse prevents excessive current and hence damages to 1 mark

appliances. / protect appliances from overheating
20
220
The fuse is connected to the live wire and when current exceed 1 mark
its rating, the fuse becomes hot and melts. This cuts off the
current flow from the live wire to the appliance.
11a Cooler air from the air-con being denser will sink, warmer air at 1 mark
the bottom being less dense will rise,
convection current is setup to cool the room effectively. 1 mark
11b The data is transmitted using infrared radiation. 1 mark
11ci = ×
= 4 × 0.30 = $1.20 1 mark
11cii 4 1 mark
= = = 0.5
8
= 500 1 mark
rk
11di Short circuit / when large current passes through 1 mark

marrk
ma rk
11dii When the current is large enough, the strength of of the

the
electromagnet increases until it is strong enough to attr at
attract
ttr
t ra
acct the
tth
he 1 mark
he mark
iron armature.
This pulls the iron armature away from the sp spring
pri
rinng
n g and
andnd release
re
ellea e 1 mark
easse ma
arkk
the contact.
This causes an open circuit and switch off the curren
current.
nt . 1 mark
ma
ark
21
221
222

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5018 Sec 4 Science Physics SA2 - North Vista

What sequence should be timed to measure the period of the pendulum?

2 The diagram shows a vernier V placed against a scale S.

What is the vernier reading?

Which statement is correct?

A at P, the motorcycle is decelerating

5 An object with a mass of 15kg on the Earth is taken to Mars.

What is the pressure of the chair on the floor?

What is the average power?

8 The diagrams show cross-sections of four solid objects.

Which object is the least stable?

Which arrangement would not allow him to do this?

Which statement is incorrect?

A The average distance between the molecules increases.

11 It takes 0.20s to generate one complete wave in a ripple tank.

The wavelength of each wave produced is 4.0cm.

What is the speed of the wave?

12 The diagram shows an object placed in front of a plane mirror.

What type of image is produced?

A real, inverted, magnified

A Radio waves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation

A The peaks will be closer together.

wire length / m area / mm2

A use thicker copper wires

19 What are the poles of the electromagnet at X and Y?

Which two bar magnets produce this pattern?

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

Determine the size and direction of the resultant force.

scale: ......................... [1]

resultant force = …………………….N [1]

direction of resultant force = ......................................................................... [1]

(b) State the weight of the stone.

weight = ...........................N [1]

(c) The force P is reduced to 1.0N.

State and explain what happens to the crate.

seat for stone

(a) Explain what is meant by centre of gravity.

distance = ..........................m [2]

acceleration = ...............................m/s2 [2]

work done against friction = .............................J [2]

(ii) Hence, calculate the kinetic energy of the roller-coaster at point A.

kinetic energy = ..............................J [3]

(a) On Fig. 5.1, label

(i) at A, the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction r, [1]

(ii) at B, the critical angle . [1]

(b) Calculate the critical angle .

(a) State what is meant by frequency.

Calculate the distance between the ship and the seabed.

distance = …………………………….. m [2]

charge = …………………………. [3]

Calculate the energy contained in the high-voltage pulse.

energy = …………………………. J [2]

Answer any two questions in the spaces provided.

Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2

The foam traps small pockets of air between them.

(i) State the physical meaning of temperature T 2 .

(ii) Describe the arrangement of the molecules of the substance at point A.

Fig. 10.2 shows the variation with temperature of the resistance of T.