Module1 Final

9
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 3, Module 1
(STRUCTURAL LAYOUT)
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Table of Contents
WHAT I KNOW………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
Lesson 1: STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
(LAYOUT AND STAKING)
What’s I Need to Know.………………………………………………………………………….. 2
What’s New.……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........2-4
What’s More………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5
What I Have Learned……………………………………………………………………………… 5
What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………………… 5
(FOUNDATION PLAN/ FOOTING DETAILS)
What’s New.……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........ 6-8
What’s More………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………………… 10-11
(ELECTRICAL LAYOUT: FACTORS)
What’s New.……………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........ 12-13
What’s More………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………………… 14
(ELECTRICAL LAYOUT: SIGNS AND SYMBOLS)
What’s New.……………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........ 16-17
What’s More …………………………………………………………………………………………17
What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………………………17-18
Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………………... 19-20
WHAT I KNOW
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
1. A category of excavation that is for large building projects which requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site.
a. Deep Excavation b. Depth Excavation c. Shallow Excavation d. Portion Excavation
2. What are the categories of Excavation and Backfilling?

a. Depth Excavation and Shallow Excavation
b. Deep Excavation and Shallow Excavation
c. Depth Excavation and Portion Excavation
d. Deep Excavation and Portion Excavation
3. This tool is used when establishing a reference point.

a. Stake b. Level transit c. String or chord d. Batter Board
4. What is used for connecting established points?

a. Stake b. Level transit c. String or chord d. Batter Board
5. It is a wooden stick or post driven to the ground.

a. Stick b. Stake c. Batter Board d. Level transit
6. Foundations are generally broken into how many categories?

A.10 B. 4 C. 6 D. 2
7. What is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the ground?
a. Lay-outing c. Staking
b. Laying and Staking d. none of the above
8. What is the most suitable way of determining soil condition during construction?
a. Staking b. drilling c. lay-outing d. experimenting
9. What category of excavation is used for wall footing, and column footings wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters?
a. Deep Excavation b. Depth Excavation c. Shallow Excavation d. Portion Excavation
10. These are wood sticks nailed horizontally to the stake.

a. Stick b. Stake c. Batter Board d. Level transit
11. A transparent material filled with water to establish level of horizontal lines.
a. Level transit b. Plastic water hose c. Garden hose d. String or Chord
12. What consists of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or a concrete block wall forming an inverted T?
A. T- Foundation B. Slab Foundation C. Slab Foundation D. Mat Foundation
13. It is a type of foundation wherein a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings placed where extra support
is needed.
A. T- Foundation B. Spread Foundation C. Mat Foundation D. Slab Foundation
14. It a type of foundation where the load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called
piles
A. T-Foundation B. Mat Foundation C. Pier Foundation D. Spread Foundation
15. The structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and size of the foundation.
A. True B. False C. Both A and B D. None of the above
16. It is an important component in the construction of a building.

A. Footing B. Foundation C. Piers D. Column
17. Listed below are types of foundation except:

A. T-Foundation B. Mat Foundation C. G- Foundation D. Spread Foundation
18. Its function is to support the load of the building above the ground line.
A. Foundation Wall B. Footing C. Piers D. Column
19. Which of the following is a portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes the weight of a building over large
area?
20. Which of the following carry the load of the building resting on the foundation?
A. Concrete and Stone C. Concrete and Columns
B. Footing and Columns D. Footing and Concrete
1
Lesson DRAFTING STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
1
What This Module is About
This quarter will guide learners to acquire the essential knowledge and competencies and develop skills with
understanding in the preparation for drafting foundation plans. Performances required in every activity will help students to
practice and gain understanding.
What I Need to Know
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the materials and tools used in laying out.

2. Identify the categories of excavation work in construction of residences.
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
What’s New
The design of a foundation is solely based on site investigation. It is the result of determining the soil
surface and the condition of the soil. The topography of the surface has to be considered before construction, as this might
affect the construction investigation.
During investigation, drilling is the most suitable way of determining soil condition. Sample of soil extracted from the
site is examined as to its consistency and relative density to avoid overloading or overstressing the soil. The National Building
Code requires a sole bearing capacity of the soil at 2ft. per ton or less than twice the maximum bearing capacity desired for
use.
A structural foundation performs properly if the soil also behaves properly and foundations should be designed for
the worst conditions.
What Is It
Laying-Out and Staking
Laying and staking is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the ground.
Before construction this process is done which includes demolition, clearing and establishing building measurement on the
ground. Before a foundation for a construction begins, the perimeter of the house or building should be laid out on the
ground as illustrated below.
Laying out the stake and batter boards
2
Materials and Tools used in Laying Out
1. Stake – are wooden sticks or post driven to the ground.
2. Batter Boards – are wood stick nailed horizontally to the stake
3. Level transit - is for establishing reference point.
4. Plastic water hose - which is transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to establish level of horizontal lines.
5. String or chord - for connecting established point
3
Excavation and Backfilling
Excavation work in construction of residences is of two categories namely, the shallow excavation and the deep
excavation.
1. Shallow excavation - includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they are independent, or combined
wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters.
2. Deep excavation - is for large building projects as this requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site. This
requires sheeting and shoring of the ground to project adjoining properties. The process is defined as providing temporary
support to the structure or ground during excavation.
Backfilling on the one hand is the filling in of the excavated portion after the foundation has been laid out.
What’s more
Match the word/s to its correct corresponding picture below. Write the letter of the correct answer on your
booklet.
_________ 1. Plastic water hose
_________ 2. Batter board
_________ 3. String or Chord
_________ 4. Deep Excavation
_________ 5. Level transit
_________ 6. Stake
_________ 7. Shallow Excavation
4
A. B. C. D.
E. F. G.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Identify and classify the given word/s listed in the box below. Write your answer in the appropriate
column.
Plastic water hose Shallow Excavation Batter board Deep Excavation

String or Cord Stake Level transit

2. A category of excavation that is for large building projects which requires almost total extraction of the soil at
the site.
6. What category of excavation is used for wall footing, and column footings wherein digging of the soil extends to
1.50 meters?
What Can I Do
Draw at least three (3) materials and tools used in laying out and staking.
Scoring Rubrics
CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 1 point
The output is accurately The output is satisfactorily The output is not satisfactorily
Accuracy
done done done
Layout and
The output is
The output is properly laid presentation fairly
Layout/Presentation out and satisfactorily satisfactorily laid out
presented. done even
and presented
The output is free from The output has one to The output has four or more
Neatness
any erasures. three erasures. erasures.
Summary
The knowledge, skills, values and understanding gained in this learning module served as a guide in knowing the
purpose of a foundation. This help the student to know the types of foundation and its members. This lesson is made for
the student to be familiar to the different materials needed in making a concrete House or Building foundations.
5
Lesson DRAFTING STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
2
understanding in the preparation for drafting foundation plans. Performances required in every activity will help students to
practice and gain understanding.
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Draft foundation plans

2. Identify types of footing

What’s New
Foundations are important components in the construction of a building. It is the foundation that carries the load of
the building. It provide the structure's stability from the ground: To distribute the weight of the structure over a large area in
order to avoid overloading the underlying soil (possibly causing unequal settlement).
Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. A tall building must
have a strong foundation if it is to stand for a long time.
What is it
Types of foundations
1. Spread Foundation - includes all those types where the load is

distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete
or steel called piles.
2. Pier Foundation - is one where the load is distributed into the soil by slender
vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called piles. It is in this foundation where
concrete piers are carried down through the soil of inadequate bearing power until a
satisfactory foundation bed is reached.
3. Slab Foundation - is a solid slab of

concrete poured directly on the ground
with footings placed where extra
support is needed.
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4. T- Foundation - consists of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or
a concrete block wall forming an inverted T and foundation is popular in
structures with basement.
5. Mat Foundation - assembles a

mat where the foundation is spread over the entire area of the
building floor.
Foundation Members
The structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and
size of the foundation.
1. Footing – is a portion of the foundation of a structure which directly

distributes the weight of a building over large area. Concrete is
commonly used for footings because it can be poured to maintain a
firm contact with the supporting soil.
3. Foundation walls - the function of the foundation wall is to support

the load of the building above the ground line and to transmit the
weight of the house to the footing.
4. Piers and Columns - are vertical members usually made of

concrete, brick, steel or wood. They are used to support the floor
systems and can be used as sole support of the structure.
Footings and columns carry the load of the building resting on the
foundation.
Kinds of Footings
1. Wall footing - is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire
length of the wall.
2. Isolated footing - is one which supports a single column, post, pier or other
concentrated load.
3. Combined footing - is one which supports two column loads or sometimes

three column loads not in a row.
4. Cantilever footing - is one which supports two column loads and consists of two
footings connected together by a beam often called a strap.
5. Continuous footing - is one which supports a row of three or more columns.
6. Raft or mat footing - is one which extends under the entire building area and supports all the wall and
column loads from the building.
7. Trapezodial footing
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8
What’s more
Match the word/s in column A to its examples in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on your
booklet.
A B
1. Spread Foundation a. It supports the load of the building

above the ground line and to
transmit the weight of the house to
2. Pier Foundation the footing.
b. It consists of a footing upon which is

placed a concrete wall or a concrete
3. Slab Foundation block wall forming an inverted T and
foundation is popular in structures
with basement.
4. T- Foundation
c. Assembles a mat where the
foundation is spread over the entire
5. Mat Foundation area of the building floor.
d. It is a solid slab of concrete poured

directly on the ground with footings
placed where extra support is
6. Footing needed.
e. It is in this foundation where

concrete piers are carried down
7. Foundation wall
through the soil of inadequate
bearing power until a satisfactory
8. Piers and Columns foundation bed is reached.
f. Includes all those types where the

load is distributed into the soil by
9. Foundation slender vertical members of timber,
concrete or steel called piles.
g. Is a portion of the foundation of a

structure which directly distributes
the weight of a building over large
area.
h. It carries the load of the building It

carries the load of the building
i. Are vertical members usually made

of concrete, brick, steel or wood
What I Have Learned
Directions: Identify and classify the given word/s listed in the box below. Write your answer in the appropriate
column
Spread Foundation Pier Foundation Slab Foundation

T- Foundation Mat Foundation
1._____________ 2._______________
3._______________ 4._______________
5._________________
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What Can I Do
Choose 2 Types of Foundation, and explain why you think it is the best to use during construction.
Scoring Rubrics
CRITERIA 5 points 3 points 1 point
The topic is explained

Topic accuracy The topic is well explained. The topic is unclear.
but the focus is unclear.
.
The content is satisfactorily The content lacks The content does not
Content
presented. further discussion match the topic.
Summary
The knowledge, skills, values and understanding gained in this learning module served as a guide in
knowing the purpose of a foundation. This help the student to know the types of foundation and its members. This
lesson is made for the student to be familiar to the different materials needed in making a concrete House or
Building foundations.
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BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 1202 EXCAVATION, FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS.
(a) Subject to the provisions of Articles 684 to 686 of the Civil Code of the Philippines on lateral and subjacent
support, the design and quality of materials used structurally in excavation, footings, and in foundations shall
conform to accepted engineering practice.
(b) Excavation and Fills
(1) Excavation or fills for buildings or structures shall be so constructed or protected that they do not endanger life or
property.
(2) Whenever the depth of excavation for any construction is such that the lateral and subjacent support of the
adjoining property or existing structure thereon would be affected in a manner that the stability or safety of the
same is endangered, the person undertaking or causing the excavation to be undertaken shall be responsible for
the expense of underpinning or extending the foundation or footings of the aforementioned property or structure.
(3) Excavation and other similar disturbances made on public property shall, unless otherwise excluded by the
Building Official, be restored immediately to its former condition within 48 hours from the start of such excavation
and disturbances by whosoever caused such excavation or disturbance.
(c) Footings, Foundations, and Retaining Walls
(1) Footings and foundations shall be of the appropriate type, of adequate size, and capacity in order to safely sustain
the superimposed loads under seismic or any conditions of external forces that may affect the safety or stability of
the structure. It shall be the responsibility of the architect and/or engineer to adopt the type and design of the same
in accordance with the standards set forth by the Secretary.
(2) Whenever or wherever there exists in the site of the construction an abrupt change in the ground levels or level of
the foundation such that instability of the soil could result, retaining walls shall be provided and such shall be of
adequate design and type of construction as prescribed by the Secretary.
Excavation or fills for buildings or structures shall be so constructed or protected that they do not endanger life or
property.
Footings and foundations shall be of the appropriate type, of adequate size, and capacity in order to safely sustain the
superimposed loads under seismic or any conditions of external forces that may affect the safety or stability of the
structure. It shall be the responsibility of the architect and/or engineer to adopt the type and design of the same in
accordance with the standards set forth by the Secretary.
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Lesson DRAFT ELECTRICAL LAYOUT
3
understanding in the preparation for Drafting Electrical Layout. Performances required in every activity will help
students to practice and gain understanding.
What I Need to Know
1. Draft Electrical Plans and Layout

2. Identify the factors that affect resistance
3. Identify direct and alternating current

What’s New
One must realize that electrical and electronic drafting are two of the most rapidly evolving technologies of
the modern age. Electrical drafting is the transmission and use of electrical power, whether for industry, business or
home. Typical components are generators, controls, transmission of networks, and lighting, heating and cooling
systems. Meanwhile, electronic drafting involves circuits of products such as radios, TVs, guidance system, radars,
computers and others. Through this module, you will learn how to draw electrical layout using proper symbols, and
other details.
What is it
The Flow of Electricity Electric charges can be made to flow from a source such as battery, photocell, or electric
generator. Electrical Quantities
1. Current is the movement of charged particles in a wire to a specific direction. The charged particles may
be a positive ion or a negative ion. The symbol used is (A) and is named ampere. One ampere of current
flows in a conductor when 6.251x1018 electrons pass a given cross section in 1 second
2. Voltage is also known as electromotive force (emf) or potential difference. It is the electric pressure that
causes current to flow. Potential difference is the potential energy divided by charge. It is the work needed
to move a charged body against the electric force, toward or away from another charged body. The symbol
for voltage is (V) which is joule per coulomb. There are several methods of producing an emf. The most
common are by electromagnetic induction in generators and chemical reaction in batteries.
3. Resistance is the opposition to the flow of charge. The symbol for resistance is (R). The unit used to
specify the amount of resistance is the ohm, represented by the symbol (Ω). All materials offer some
resistance to current but the amount of resistance differs from each other. In direct current (d-c) this unit
is called resistance; in an alternating current (a-c) it is called impedance.
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Resistance of the object depends on four
factors:
1) LENGTH
2) CROSSSECTIONAL AREA
,
3) RESISTIVITY OF MAATERIAL
4) TEMPERATURE. FACTORS THAT

AFFECT RESISTANCE
Ohm’s Law
Although the three electrical quantities:
current, voltage and resistance, are used differently,
they are related to each other. This relationship is
known as Ohm’s Law. It is stated as, current is
directly proportional to the voltage and inversely
proportional to the resistance. It is expressed by the
equation:
Power and Energy

Electric power is the rate of doing electrical work. It is equal to the product of the current and voltage. The unit is
watt (W) or kilowatt (kW). A kilowatt is 1,000 watts. Work is being done at the rate of “1 watt” when a constant current of 1
ampere is maintained through a resistance by an emf of 1 volt. The power input in watts to any electrical device in which the
element has a resistance (R) and the current is I given by the equation,
Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC)

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. It is produced by such sources as batteries,
thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a
conductor such as a wire, but can also be through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or
ion beams. The electric charge flows in a constant direction. A term formerly used for direct current was Galvanic current.
Alternating current (AC) is the movement (or flow) of electric charge which periodically in reverses direction. An
electric charge for instance would move forward, then backward, and vice versa. In direct current (DC), the movement or
flow of electric charge is only in one direction. Audio and radio signals carried on electrical wires are examples of alternating
current
Electrical Circuits
An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current.
There are two types of circuits, namely series circuit and parallel circuit. A series circuit has two or more loads but current
flows through a single conducting path, while a parallel circuit has more than one path for current to flow.
Electrical Circuits An electrical circuit is a

network that has a closed loop, giving a return path
for the current. There are two types of circuits,
namely series circuit and parallel circuit. A series
circuit has two or more loads but current flows
through a single conducting path, while a parallel
circuit has more than one path for current to flow.
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What’s More
Direction: Based on what you have learned, try to connect the bulbs, switch and dry cell in series and
parallel circuits.
What I Have Learned

Fill-in the Blanks: Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers and write it on a separate sheet.
1. __________ is the movement of charged particles in a specific direction.

2. __________ is the unit of electric current represented by the symbol (A)
3. __________ is also known as electromotive force.
4. Potential difference is the potential energy divided by ____________.
5. The symbol for voltage is ________ which means “joule per coulomb.”
6. __________ is the opposition to the flow of charge.
7. The symbol for resistance is ____________.
8. The unit used to specify the amount of resistance is the _________ which is represented by the symbol
(Ω).
9. The Law that states, “Current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the
resistance” is called ___________.
10._________ is the rate of doing electrical work. It is equal to the product of the current and voltage.
What Can I do
Modified TRUE or FALSE Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, if FALSE, change the
underlined word/ words to make the statement correct.
____________ 1. An electric circuit provides a complete open path for current to flow.
____________ 2. Rubber is relatively a poor conductor of electricity.
____________ 3. Materials that do not allow electrons to flow freely are called conductors.
____________ 4. When electrons move back and forth, reversing their direction regularly, the current is called
alternating current.
____________ 5. A parallel circuit has two or more loads that flow through a single conducting path.
Summary
Electrical drafting is the transmission and use of electrical power, whether for industry, business or home.
Typical components are generators, controls, transmission of networks, and lighting, heating and cooling systems.
Meanwhile, electronic drafting involves circuits of products such as radios, TVs, guidance system, radars, computers
and others.
Resistance of the object depends on four factors: 1) length, 2) crosssectional area, 3) resistivity of material
and 4) temperature.
14
Lesson DRAFT ELECTRICAL LAYOUT
4
understanding in the preparation for Drafting Electrical Layout. Performances required in every activity will help
students to practice and gain understanding
What I Need to Know
1. Identify Graphic Symbols

2. Identify Electrical Notes and Specifications
3. Identify the steps in making an Electrical Plan

What’s New
Graphic symbols are shorthand ways of showing how a circuit works or how the parts of the circuit are
connected. Electrical symbols are used to represent actual electrical components on drawings. Graphic symbols are
usually drawn using single-line (one-line) diagrams, on schematic diagrams. The same is done on connection or
wiring diagrams. This will give the workman the idea on how the wiring installation will be done as specified in the
work plan.
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Electrical Notes and Specifications
1. The electrical works shall comply with all the provisions in the Electrical Code and with consideration on the rules and
regulations of local power company.
2. Unless otherwise specified, wiring shall be done with PVC pipe or local made; minimum size shall be ½ "Ø trade sizes.
3. Electric meters installed by the power utility company are supplied and installed by the power utility company.
4. The Philippine Electrical Code provides that only professional engineers can sign the electrical plans.
5. Samples of materials to be used shall be submitted to the construction engineering office for approval before execution of
the work.
6. Smallest size of the wire to be used shall be 12TW wire unless otherwise specified.
7. The minimum size of electric wire for service entrance is number 8 AWG.
Types of connections from an electrical pole to the building
1. Overhead Service Drop
2. Overhead pole connection with an underground service lateral to the

building
3. Connection in a manhole or hand hole at the property line with Service

Lateral to the building.
Circuit Protective Devices

There are two types of circuit protective devices which are
commonly
used:
1. Fuse. It is made of thin strip of metal used for safety because when the current flowing through it becomes too high,
it melts and breaks the flow of electricity. It consists of an alloy link or wire of relatively low melting temperature which
when enclosed in an insulating fiber tube is called a
cartridge fuse, and when in a porcelain cup is known as plug
fuse.
2. Circuit breaker. It is an electromechanical device which

performs the same protective function as a fuse and also
acts as a switch. It is a reusable device that protects a circuit
from becoming overloaded
In electronics, a switch is an electrical component that can

break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from
one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a
manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets
of electrical contacts. Each set of contacts can be in one of two
states: either 'closed' meaning the contacts are touching and electricity
can flow between them, or 'open', meaning the contacts are separated
and nonconducting
Switch Board and Switchgear Switchboards and switchgear are

free standing assembles of switches, fuses, and/or circuit breakers
which normally provide switching and feeder protection to a number of
circuits connected to a main source.
5
A panel, or panel board, serves basically the same function as a

switchboard, except on a smaller scale, that is, it accepts a relatively
large block of power and distributes it in smaller blocks. Panel boards
may be classified as flushtype or surface-type.
16
Steps in Preparing the Electrical Plan If the basic floor plan is already drawn, the designer should:
1. Determine the exact position of all appliances and lighting fixtures on the plan.
2. Draw the electrical symbols representing the switches, outlets and electrical devices on the floor plan.
3. Draw a line from each switch to the connecting fixture.
4. Show the position of all outlets and controls using electrical wiring symbols, however, the entire circuit is not drawn
on the electrical plan.
5. Determine location of power source from nearest power supply post.
6. Draw the single line riser diagram
7. Determine the number of lighting outlets, convenience outlets and other electrical fixtures and appliance.
8. Draw the schedule of loads and determine size of wires and conduits.
9. Compute for total current to determine size of service drop and sizes of wires. 10.Write electrical construction
specification and other notes.
What’s More
Directions: Identify the following symbols. Write the answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
What I Have Learned
Instruction: Refer to Sample Electrical Plan given below. Perform the following activities for one complete plate:
1. Locate the proper positioning of electrical fixtures then draft according

to your preferences.
2. Draft and determine the proper position of the service drop and the
location of breaker
3. Draft and determine the locations of switches.
4. Draft and determine the schedule of loads.
5. Finalize the drawing by completing the specifications for the detailed
drawing of electrical plan including the legend.
17
.
Summary
Graphic symbols are shorthand ways of showing how a circuit works or how the parts of the circuit are
connected. Electrical symbols are used to represent actual electrical components on drawings. Graphic symbols
are usually drawn using single-line (one-line) diagrams, on schematic diagrams.
BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 1301. ELECTRICAL REGULATIONS.
All electrical systems equipment and installation mentioned in this Code shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine
Electrical Code, as adopted by the board of Electrical Engineering pursuant to Republic Act No. 184 otherwise known as
the electrical Engineering Law.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7832
An act penalizing the pilferage of electricity and theft of power transmission lines/materials, rationalizing system losses by
phasing out pilferage losses as a component thereof, and for other purposes.
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ASSESSMENT
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
12. What is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the ground?
c. Lay-outing c. Staking
d. Laying and Staking d. none of the above
13. What is the most suitable way of determining soil condition during construction?
b. Staking b. drilling c. lay-outing d. experimenting
14. What category of excavation is used for wall footing, and column footings wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50
meters?
b. Deep Excavation b. Depth Excavation c. Shallow Excavation d. Portion Excavation

b. Stick b. Stake c. Batter Board d. Level transit
b. Level transit b. Plastic water hose c. Garden hose d. String or Chord
17. A category of excavation that is for large building projects which requires almost total extraction of the soil at the
site.
b. Deep Excavation b. Depth Excavation c. Shallow Excavation d. Portion Excavation
18. What are the categories of Excavation and Backfilling?

e. Depth Excavation and Shallow Excavation
f. Deep Excavation and Shallow Excavation
g. Depth Excavation and Portion Excavation
h. Deep Excavation and Portion Excavation

b. Stake b. Level transit c. String or chord d. Batter Board

b. Stake b. Level transit c. String or chord d. Batter Board

b. Stick b. Stake c. Batter Board d. Level transit
11. Foundations are generally broken into how many categories?

A.10 B. 4 C. 6 D. 2
12. What consists of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or a concrete block wall forming an inverted T?
A. T- Foundation B. Slab Foundation C. Slab Foundation D. Mat Foundation
13. It is a type of foundation wherein a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings placed where
extra support is needed.
A. T- Foundation B. Spread Foundation C. Mat Foundation D. Slab Foundation
14. It a type of foundation where the load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete, or
steel called piles
A. T-Foundation B. Mat Foundation C. Pier Foundation D. Spread Foundation
15. The structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and size of the foundation.
A. True B. False C. Both A and B D. None of the above
16. It is an important component in the construction of a building.

A. Footing B. Foundation C. Piers D. Column
17. Listed below are types of foundation except:

A. T-Foundation B. Mat Foundation C. G- Foundation D. Spread Foundation
18. Its function is to support the load of the building above the ground line.
19
19. Which of the following is a portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes the weight of a
building over large area?
20. Which of the following carry the load of the building resting on the foundation?
A. Concrete and Stone C. Concrete and Columns
B. Footing and Columns D. Footing and Concrete
21. It is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with
combustion.
a. Fire Alarm System c. Fire extinguisher
b. Fire detector d. Fire sprinkle
22. It is the movement of charged particles in a specific direction.

a. current b. voltage c. resistance d. power
23. It discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, and when a predetermined temperature has been
reached.
a. Fire detector c. Smoke detector
b. Fire extinguisher d. Fire sprinkle
24. It is the electric pressure that causes the current to flow.

a. current b. power c. resistance d. voltage
25. A type of smoke detector which uses a very small quantity of radioactive material.
a. Fire detector c. Ionization type detector
b. Fire sprinkle d. Photoelectric type detector
26. A type of smoke alarm that detects larger particles produced by smoldering fires.
a. Ionization type detector c. Photoelectric type detector
27. A movement or flow of electric charge which periodically in reverse position.

a. Alternating Current c. Direct current
b. Electric circuit d. Power
28. It is the rate of doing work and is equal to the product of the current and voltage.
a. voltage b. resistance c. power d. current
29. It refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the possibility of a fire that may result in death, injury or
property damage.
a. Fire safety c. Fire Alarm System
30. Graphic symbols are shorthand ways of showing how a circuit works or how the parts of the circuit are connected
a. True c. both a and b
b. False d. None of these
20

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9

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Lesson 1: STRUCTURAL LAYOUT

(LAYOUT AND STAKING)

What’s I Need to Know.………………………………………………………………………….. 2

What’s More………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5

What I Have Learned……………………………………………………………………………… 5

What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………………… 5

Lesson 2: STRUCTURAL LAYOUT

(FOUNDATION PLAN/ FOOTING DETAILS)

What’s I Need to Know.………………………………………………………………………….. 6

What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........ 6-8

What I Have Learned……………………………………………………………………………… 9

What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………………… 10-11

Lesson 3: STRUCTURAL LAYOUT

(ELECTRICAL LAYOUT: FACTORS)

What’s I Need to Know.………………………………………………………………………….. 12

What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........ 12-13

What I Have Learned……………………………………………………………………………… 14

What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………………… 14

Lesson 4: STRUCTURAL LAYOUT

(ELECTRICAL LAYOUT: SIGNS AND SYMBOLS)

What’s I Need to Know.………………………………………………………………………….. 15

What Is It………………………………………………………………………………………........ 16-17

What’s More …………………………………………………………………………………………17

What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………………………17-18

2. What are the categories of Excavation and Backfilling?

3. This tool is used when establishing a reference point.

4. What is used for connecting established points?

5. It is a wooden stick or post driven to the ground.

6. Foundations are generally broken into how many categories?

10. These are wood sticks nailed horizontally to the stake.

16. It is an important component in the construction of a building.

17. Listed below are types of foundation except:

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the materials and tools used in laying out.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Laying-Out and Staking

Laying out the stake and batter boards

1. Stake – are wooden sticks or post driven to the ground.

2. Batter Boards – are wood stick nailed horizontally to the stake

3. Level transit - is for establishing reference point.

5. String or chord - for connecting established point

_________ 1. Plastic water hose

_________ 2. Batter board

_________ 3. String or Chord

_________ 4. Deep Excavation

_________ 5. Level transit

_________ 7. Shallow Excavation

What I Have Learned

Plastic water hose Shallow Excavation Batter board Deep Excavation

1. What is used for connecting established points?

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Draft foundation plans