The Languages Curriculum in The k-12 Program

THE LANGUAGES
CURRICULUM IN
THE K-12
PROGRAM
DOMAINS OF
LITERACY AND THE
COMPETENCIES TO
BE DEVELOPED IN
EACH DOMAIN
DOMAINS OF LITERACY
Oral Language Fluency
Phonological Awareness Spelling
Book and Print Orientation Handwriting
Alphabet Knowledge Composing
Word Recognition Grammar Awareness
DOMAINS OF LITERACY
Vocabulary 13. Attitude toward
Reading Comprehension Language, Literature
a. Activating schema / prior and Literacy
knowledge
b. Comprehension strategies
14. Study Skills
c. Comprehension of Literary Texts
d. Comprehension of Informational
Text
Domain 2: Oral language (in
the language of literacy)
Oral language refers to one’s knowledge

and use of the structure, meanings and
uses of the language.
Domain 3: Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness involves work with
rhymes, syllables, onsets and rimes.
Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice,

think about and work with the individual
sounds in spoken words.
DOMAIN 4. Book and Print
Knowledge
Book knowledge is the understanding of how
books and print work, like how to turn the
pages of a book. Print awareness is the
understanding that print is speech written
down.
Domain 5: Alphabet Knowledge
The ability to recognize, name, and sound
out all the upper and lower case letters of
the alphabet. Each letter of the alphabet
has a name has an upper and a lower case
is written in a certain way has a distinct
sound
Domain 6: Handwriting
The ability to form letters through

manuscript and cursive styles
Domain 7: Phonics and Word
Recognition
The ability to identify a written word by
sight or by deciphering the relationship
between the sounds of spoken language
and the letters in written language
Domain 8: Spelling
the ability to arrange letters in the

correct order to make words that
are communally understood.
Domain 9: Grammar Awareness
Knowledge of language features and

sentence structures in written
language
DOMAIN 10: FLUENCY
The ability to read orally with speed,
accuracy and proper expression
Fluency
Accuracy
Automaticity
Proper Expression
DOMAIN 10: FLUENCY
• Word recognition must be accurate, rapid and
require little conscious attention so that attention can
be directed to the comprehension process
• One reason students may not comprehend text is

that they are spending all their attention and energy
on figuring out the words.
DOMAIN 10: FLUENCY
• develops fluency in reading
from: The / man/ has/ a/ hat.
to: The man / has a hat.
• recognizes patterns in words
best rest
nest test
pest west
Domain 11: Composing
being able to formulate ideas into sentences
or longer texts and represent them in the
conventional orthographic patterns of written
language
Domain 12: Vocabulary Development
Knowledge of words and their

meanings in both oral and print
representations
Domain 13: Comprehension
A complex and active process in which
vocabulary knowledge is a crucial
component and which requires an
intentional and thoughtful interaction
between the reader and the text.
Domain 14: Study Skills
A general term for techniques and
strategies that help a person read or
listen for specific purposes with the intent
to remember.
Domain 14: Study Skills
Some examples of study skills
• Following directions
• Locating, selecting, organizing and
retaining information
• Interpreting graphic aids such as tables
graphs maps
LITERACY IN THE
MOTHER TONGUE AND
THE SECOND
LANGUAGE/S: BRIDGING
AMONG LANGUAGES
WHAT IS MOTHER TONGUE?
The Language/s that one has learned first.

Referred to as First Language (L1), home
language or heritage language, native language,
or mother/father/parent tongue is a language or
dialect that a person has been exposed to from
birth or within the critical period.
LITERACY IN THE
MOTHER TONGUE
1. Phonics and Word Recognition
by teaching them recognize words.

2. Spelling
writing them correctly
3. Fluency
by letting them read a series of
words with accuracy, automaticity
and proper expression.
4. Reading Comprehension
by developing their ability to
understand what they read.
5. Grammar Awareness
by encouraging them to use
correct grammatical structures
when speaking and writing.
6. Composing/ Writing
by giving them opportunities to
put down their ideas in writing.
7. Study Skills
by equipping them with skills that
will help them in studying as well as
understanding the content subjects.
WHAT IS SECOND LANGUAGE ?
A Second Language learned after L1

A Second Language learned at
school for formal educational
purposes.
LITERACY IN THE
SECOND LANGUAGE
1. Oral Language Development
by giving them lots of listening and
talking activities.
2. Phonological Awareness
by giving them opportunities to listen
to the sounds of the language.
3. Book and Print Knowledge
by exposing them to books in order to have a
feel of a book and realize how print works.
4. Alphabet Knowledge
by introducing them to the letters of the
alphabet: name and sounds of each
letter; upper and lower case.
5. Listening Comprehension and
Attitude towards Literature,
Language and Literacy
by reading stories to them.
6. Phonics and Word Recognition
by teaching them recognize words.
7. Spelling
writing them correctly
8. Fluency
by letting them read a series of
words with accuracy, automaticity
and proper expression.
9. Reading Comprehension
by developing their ability to
understand what they read.
10. Grammar Awareness
by encouraging them to use
correct grammatical structures
when speaking and writing.
11. Study Skills
by equipping them with skills that
will help them in studying as well as
understanding the content subjects.
BRIDGING AMONG
LANGUAGES
BRIDGING AMONG LANGUAGES
The instructional moment when teachers bring the
languages together to encourage students to
explore the similarities and differences
between/among languages, and transfer what they
have learned from one language to to the other.
( Beeman and Urrow)
BRIDGING AMONG LANGUAGES
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG

LANGUAGES
Phonology (sound system)
Morphology (word formation)
Syntax and Grammar
Pragmatics (Language use)
Bridging: or translanguaging, occurs during the
Bridge, or whenever students and teacher make
connections among the languages. Bridging help
students to transfer academic language learned in
one language to the other language and engage in
contrastive analysis by focusing on the similarities
and differences of the languages.
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!

Prepared By:
Monalyn M. Bondoc
BEED-III

The Languages Curriculum in The k-12 Program

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THE LANGUAGES

Oral language refers to one’s knowledge

Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice,

The ability to form letters through

the ability to arrange letters in the

Knowledge of language features and

• One reason students may not comprehend text is

Knowledge of words and their

The Language/s that one has learned first.

by teaching them recognize words.

A Second Language learned after L1

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG

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