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Generic Domains

DNS (Domain Name System) is a hierarchical distributed naming system that translates easy-to-remember domain names to IP addresses. It allows users to access internet resources using domain names instead of hard-to-remember numeric IP addresses. DNS works by mapping hostnames to IP addresses through a global database that is distributed across many name servers. When a client requests the IP address for a domain name, the local DNS server will either provide the IP address from its own database or forward the request to another server higher in the DNS hierarchy until the IP address is found.

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103 views

Generic Domains

DNS (Domain Name System) is a hierarchical distributed naming system that translates easy-to-remember domain names to IP addresses. It allows users to access internet resources using domain names instead of hard-to-remember numeric IP addresses. DNS works by mapping hostnames to IP addresses through a global database that is distributed across many name servers. When a client requests the IP address for a domain name, the local DNS server will either provide the IP address from its own database or forward the request to another server higher in the DNS hierarchy until the IP address is found.

Uploaded by

Ddyash Daya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DNS

An application layer protocol defines how the application processes running on different
systems, pass the messages to each other.

o DNS stands for Domain Name System.


o DNS is a directory service that provides a mapping between the name of a host
on the network and its numerical address.
o DNS is required for the functioning of the internet.
o Each node in a tree has a domain name, and a full domain name is a sequence of
symbols specified by dots.
o DNS is a service that translates the domain name into IP addresses. This allows
the users of networks to utilize user-friendly names when looking for other hosts
instead of remembering the IP addresses.
o For example, suppose the FTP site at EduSoft had an IP address of
132.147.165.50, most people would reach this site by specifying ftp.EduSoft.com.
Therefore, the domain name is more reliable than IP address.

DNS is a TCP/IP protocol used on different platforms. The domain name space is divided
into three different sections: generic domains, country domains, and inverse domain.

Generic Domains
o It defines the registered hosts according to their generic behavior.
o Each node in a tree defines the domain name, which is an index to the DNS
database.
o It uses three-character labels, and these labels describe the organization type.

Label Description

aero Airlines and aerospace companies

biz Businesses or firms

com Commercial Organizations

coop Cooperative business Organizations

edu Educational institutions

gov Government institutions

info Information service providers

int International Organizations

mil Military groups

museum Museum & other nonprofit organizations

name Personal names

net Network Support centers

org Nonprofit Organizations

pro Professional individual Organizations


Country Domain
The format of country domain is same as a generic domain, but it uses two-character
country abbreviations (e.g., us for the United States) in place of three character
organizational abbreviations.

Inverse Domain
The inverse domain is used for mapping an address to a name. When the server has
received a request from the client, and the server contains the files of only authorized
clients. To determine whether the client is on the authorized list or not, it sends a query
to the DNS server and ask for mapping an address to the name.

Working of DNS
o DNS is a client/server network communication protocol. DNS clients send
requests to the. server while DNS servers send responses to the client.
o Client requests contain a name which is converted into an IP address known as a
forward DNS lookups while requests containing an IP address which is converted
into a name known as reverse DNS lookups.
o DNS implements a distributed database to store the name of all the hosts
available on the internet.
o If a client like a web browser sends a request containing a hostname, then a piece
of software such as DNS resolver sends a request to the DNS server to obtain
the IP address of a hostname. If DNS server does not contain the IP address
associated with a hostname, then it forwards the request to another DNS server.
If IP address has arrived at the resolver, which in turn completes the request over
the internet protocol.

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