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    236 Midterm 2021

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    Christ Cherfan
    This document discusses several topics in quantum mechanics including: 1) The adjoint of an operator and properties of Hermitian operators like real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenfunctions. 2) Time evolution of probabilities for a system with non-commuting operators. 3) Defining creation and annihilation operators for the quantum harmonic oscillator and properties of its eigenfunctions and energies.

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    236 Midterm 2021

    Uploaded by

    Christ Cherfan
    24 views2 pages
    This document discusses several topics in quantum mechanics including: 1) The adjoint of an operator and properties of Hermitian operators like real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenfunctions. 2) Time evolution of probabilities for a system with non-commuting operators. 3) Defining creation and annihilation operators for the quantum harmonic oscillator and properties of its eigenfunctions and energies.

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    This document discusses several topics in quantum mechanics including: 1) The adjoint of an operator and properties of Hermitian operators like real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenfunctions. 2) Time evolution of probabilities for a system with non-commuting operators. 3) Defining creation and annihilation operators for the quantum harmonic oscillator and properties of its eigenfunctions and energies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views2 pages

    236 Midterm 2021

    Uploaded by

    Christ Cherfan
    This document discusses several topics in quantum mechanics including: 1) The adjoint of an operator and properties of Hermitian operators like real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenfunctions. 2) Time evolution of probabilities for a system with non-commuting operators. 3) Defining creation and annihilation operators for the quantum harmonic oscillator and properties of its eigenfunctions and energies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Quantum Mechanics 236

    by of an operator O
    The adjoint O b is de…ned by
    Z 1 Z 1
    b
    1 (x)O 2 (x) dx =
    by
    (O 1 (x)) 2 (x) dx;
    1 1

    for any wave functions 1 ; 2 . Using integration by parts and stating clearly what properties
    of the wave functions you use, …nd the adjoint of @=@x. Hence show that the momentum
    operator is Hermitian, pbyx = pbx . Express in mathematical form the statement that the eigen-
    functions, n (x), of a Hermitian operator are orthonormal. Prove that the eigenvalues, n , of a
    Hermitian operator are real and that the eigenfunctions corresponding to di¤erent eigenvalues
    are orthogonal.
    For a certain system, the operator corresponding to the physical quantity A does not commute
    with the Hamiltonian. It has eigenvalues a1 and a2 , corresponding to eigenfunctions
    (u1 + u2 ) (u1 u2 )
    1 = p ; 2 = p :
    2 2
    where u1 and u2 are eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian with eigenvalues E1 and E2 . If the
    system is in state = 1 at time t = 0, what are the probabilities of obtaining a1 and a2
    when measuring A at time t? show that the expectation value of A at time t is

    a1 + a2 a1 a2 (E1 E2 )t
    < A >= + cos
    2 2 h
    For a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator of mass m and frequency w, the Hamiltonian can
    ^ = hw(^
    be expressed as H ^ + 12 ). The operators a
    ay a ^y are de…ned by
    ^ and a
    1 1
    a
    ^ = (2mhw) 2 (mw^
    x + i^ ^y = (2mhw)
    p); a 2 (mw^
    x i^
    p)
    where x^ is the displacement and p^ is the momentum. If un are normalized eigenfunctions of
    the Hamiltonian corresponding to the eigenvalue En , then
    p p
    a
    ^un = nun 1 ; ^y un = n + 1un+1 :
    a
    Show that the ground state eigenfunction u0 is a Gaussian, the expectation values of position
    and momentum are zero and the expectation values of the potential and kinetic energies are
    equal. The harmonic oscillator has charge q and is placed in a uniform electric …eld E0 . Show
    that the new Hamiltonian may be written in the form
    1

    ^ = h! a 1 y h 2
    H ^a^+ qE0 (^ ^y ):
    a+a
    2 2m!

    An operator ^b is de…ned as ^b = a ^ c; where c is a real number. Calculate the commutator


    [^b; ^by ]. Show that with a suitable choice of c one can write

    ^ = h! ^by^b + 1 q 2 E02
    H :
    2 2m! 2

    1
    A wavefunction 0 (x) is de…ned to be a solution of the equation ^b 0 (x) = 0: Show that 0 (x)
    ^ and …nd its corresponding eigenvalue. (Note that an explicit expression
    is an eigenfunction of H
    for 0 is not needed.) Hence show that ^by 0 is an eigenfunction of H
    ^ and obtain its corresponding
    eigenvalue.

    Consider an electron bound in a hydrogen atom under the in‡uence of a homogeneous magnetic
    jejB
    …eld B = B z^. Ignore the electron spin. The Hamiltonian of the system is H = H0 2m ec
    Lz .
    The eigenstates jn; m; li and eigenvalues of the hydrogen atom Hamiltonian H0 are assumed
    to be known. Initially (at t = 0) the system is in the state
    1
    j (0)i = p (j2; 1; 1i j2; 1; 1i)
    2

    For each of the following states, calculate the probability of …nding the system, at some later
    time t > 0, in that state:

    1 1
    j2px i = p (j2; 1; 1i j2; 1; 1i) ; j2py i = p (j2; 1; 1i + j2; 1; 1i) ; j2pz i = j2; 1; 0i
    2 2

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