Vegetaion of Rajasthan

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Vegetation of Rajasthan
Rajasthan has a great variety of natural vegetation ranging from scanty vegetation in the western arid region
to mixed deciduous and sub-tropical evergreen forests in the east and south-east of Aravalli range.
Factors affecting Vegetation:

The location and distribution of natural vegetation including forests have been greatly influenced by:
1. Physical factor like relief and soil:

1. The physical features of the state are characterised chiefly by the Aravalli ranges which diagonally
intersect the state into 3/5th fertile south east and 2/5th arid sandy and unproductive north west.
2. The north western and western part of the state is a wide expanse of wind blown sand. It is much
drier except along the foot of the Aravallis where some of the trees eastern part occurs, the vegetation
is dominated by shrubs.
3. Further, westward as the aridity increase, trees get stunted and still further in the Barmer, Jaisalmer,
Bikaner and western Jodhpur, trees disappear and shrubs become dominant.
4. The flora in the east and south east of the Aravalli is well-developed and has a larger number of than
the western flora.
5. The vegetation around Mt. Abu is the richest due to heavy annual rainfall of about 150 cm is obvious
that physical features have resulted in different type of vegetation.
2. Climatic factors like large extreme in rainfall and temperature distribution:
1. The climate has the greatest effect on the vegetational distribution in different parts of the state.
2. Koppen and Geiger have indicated that the rainfall is insufficient to support vegetation if it is less than
T+14 measured in cm where T is mean annual temperature measured in Degree Celsius. The mean
annual temperature of Rajasthan is 26.5°C and according to the criteria the value equals to 40.5cm.
thus, the western half of the state is arid and the rest lying between T+14 and 2T+28 is semi-arid.
3. Mt.Abu receives maximum rainfall and the chief species constituting the top canopy are Magnifera
indica(mango), Sizygium cuminic(Jeera), Anogeissus acuminata(Dhokra).
4. Figure 1 (Mango), Figure 2 (Jeera), figure 3(Dhokra)
5. The Banswara and Baran regions in eastern Rajasthan have an annual rainfall of 80cm and have pure
formation of Tectona grandlia(Sagwan) and Madhuca Indica(Meetha Neem) and some grasses also
grow.
6. Figure 4(Tectona grandlia)
3. Biotic factors:
1. The indiscriminate grazing by large flocks of sheep, goats and other cattle including camels.
2. The unregulated cutting of trees and periodical clearance of land for cultivation.
3. The activities of the nomadic tribes with their migratory herds of sheep and goats have also been
responsible for the devastation of forest.
Physiography and Phytogenetic Resources of Rajasthan:

In general, the vegetation of Rajasthan is deciduous and sparse. Plants with more xerophytic(plants needs
very little amount of water) adaptations are able to establish themselves in the natural jargon. The bulk of
vegetation consists of thorny prickly perennial herbs with plenty of vacant spaces between them.
Roughly depending on the habitat, the vegetation the botanical and phytogenetic resources of the
state can be divided into:
1. Rocky and hilly habitat:

1. The rocky and hilly areas of Rajasthan desert belongs to Aravalli system.
2. The main plants communities includes: Euphorbia(Thor), Maytenius Emarginata(Malkangamni),

Salvadora(Jal), Capparis decidua(Kair), Acacia Milotica(Babul), Prosopis Cineraria(Khejari), etc
3. Figure 5(Khejari), figure 6 (Babul), figure 7(Thor)
2. Sandy Plains:
1. These shows vegetation much poorer than hills.
2. Dominate Species: Prosopis Cineraria(Khejari), Capparis decidua(Kair), Acacia senegal(Kumata),

Acacia Milotica(Babul) etc. common grass is Sporobulus helvolus.
3. Figure 1 (Sporobulus helvolus)
3. Aquatic habitats:
1. The aquatic vegetation is represented by many algae form and plant communities like Cyperus
rotundus(Motha), Polygonum Barbatum(herb,whitle flower), Hydrilla and common algae like Chara.
2. In water logged areas grasses like Typha are common.
4. Sand dunes:
1. The characteristic dune plants reported Calligonum Polygonoides(Phog), Indigofera argentia(Neel),
Crotolaria burhia(sannia), Citrullus colocynthis(tumba), Catotropis procera(Akara) etc.
2. Common grasses are Panicum turgidum(Murut grass), Elusine compressa, stalonferous cyperaceae.
Forest types of Rajasthan:

According to the Forest Department statistic
Rajasthan state possess total forest area 32,639sq.Km
Protect forest covers 18222.45 sq. Km,
Reserved Forest covers 12475.07 sq.Km and
Unclassified Forest covers 2046.97 sq.Km
Most of the state forest cover is available in the districts of Udaipur(4141sq.km), Baran(2239sq.km),
Alwar(1784sq.km), Sirohi(1635sq.km) and Bundi(1557sq.km)
According to the vegetation, forest can be divided in 9 sub types:
1. Anogeissus pendula(dhol) forests:

1. It covers 60%(26,418sq.km) of the forest area.
2. Anogeissus pendula is a tree of dry hot regions. The average height of the tree is between 6m to 7.5m
but where the soil is deep and water supply is good, the height of 14 m is not uncommon.
3. Species: Acacia Milotica(Babul), etc
4. These provide good firewood and make excellent charcoal.
2. Acacia Catechu(kattha) forest:

1. It covers 3% of the forest area.
2. These forest occurs mostly in pure patches and sometimes mixed with other species.
3. It found in the south east region of the state.
3. Boswellia serrata forest(salar):

1. It is found in the upper ridges of the Aravalli hills and covers about 5% of the total forest area.
2. Mostly in the region of Alwar, part of chittorgarh, Udaipur, Sirohi, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Rajsamand and
Jaipur.
4. Butea Monosperma(Dhak) forests:
1. It cover very small area.
2. The species are characterised of badly drained clay soils and occupies the foot hills and depression.
5. Dendron calamus stricus forests:

1. Bamboo covers about 2.5% the area mostly in parts of chittorgarh, Udaipur, Kota and Abu hills.
2. It occurs in pure patches in depressions.
6. Tectona grandis forest(teak):
1. Teak forest of the dry type occupy over 2635 hectares and represent the northern limit of teak in India
2. Common associates of teak are Anogeissus latefolia, Eagle marmeios(Bel) etc.
3. These forest provide some timber for furniture, panels for doors, windows and house construction and
pole for fencing and roofing.
7. Mixed miscellaneous forests:

1. These forests found in the south-eastern Rajasthan in the districts of Bundi, Udaipur, Sirohi, Kota and
Chittorgarh.
2. Average rainfall is more than 60cm.
3. The dominant species: Anogeissus latefolia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Madhuca indica, etc
4. The woods from these forest is small timber, fuel and charcoal.
8. Sub-tropical evergreen forests:

1. These occurs at 30sq.km round Mt.Abu at elevation of 1000 to 1300 metres where, the rainfall is
1500mm
2. On the higher elevations it has humid types of forests containing Ambartari, Karonda, varieties of
Jasmine, weeping willow and kara, on the lower slope dense forest of Dhau, Haldu, Bel, Siris, Mango,
Jamun, Kachnar, Times, Rohira are common.
3. The area under these forests is small and hence they do not any commercial significance.
9. Thron forests:
1. They found mainly in the arid area of north west covering the districts of Nagaur, Pali, Sikar,
Jhunjhunu, Ajmer, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer.
2. The timber of prosopis is the useful tree species of the tract. It is used as fuel and produced good
charcoal.
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Factors aﬀecting Vegetation:

1. Physical factor like relief and soil:

2. Climatic factors like large extreme in rainfall and temperature distribution:

4. Figure 1 (Mango), Figure 2 (Jeera), figure 3(Dhokra)

6. Figure 4(Tectona grandlia)

Physiography and Phytogenetic Resources of Rajasthan:

1. Rocky and hilly habitat:

2. The main plants communities includes: Euphorbia(Thor), Maytenius Emarginata(Malkangamni),

3. Figure 5(Khejari), figure 6 (Babul), figure 7(Thor)

2. Dominate Species: Prosopis Cineraria(Khejari), Capparis decidua(Kair), Acacia senegal(Kumata),

3. Figure 1 (Sporobulus helvolus)

2. In water logged areas grasses like Typha are common.

Forest types of Rajasthan:

Rajasthan state possess total forest area 32,639sq.Km

Protect forest covers 18222.45 sq. Km,

Reserved Forest covers 12475.07 sq.Km and

Unclassified Forest covers 2046.97 sq.Km

According to the vegetation, forest can be divided in 9 sub types:

1. Anogeissus pendula(dhol) forests:

3. Species: Acacia Milotica(Babul), etc

4. These provide good firewood and make excellent charcoal.

2. Acacia Catechu(kattha) forest:

3. It found in the south east region of the state.

3. Boswellia serrata forest(salar):

4. Butea Monosperma(Dhak) forests:

1. It cover very small area.

5. Dendron calamus stricus forests:

2. It occurs in pure patches in depressions.

6. Tectona grandis forest(teak):

2. Common associates of teak are Anogeissus latefolia, Eagle marmeios(Bel) etc.

7. Mixed miscellaneous forests:

2. Average rainfall is more than 60cm.

8. Sub-tropical evergreen forests:

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