CHM 420 Lab Report 3

Jotter
Data/Results
Questions
1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reactions involved.

Part A (Combination Reactions): 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO (s)
Part B (Decomposition Reactions): 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
Part C (Single Replacement Reactions): -
Test tube 1: CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Test tube 2: FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) → CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s)
Test tube 3: 2AgNO3(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Test tube 4: 2HCl(aq) + Cu(s) → CuCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Test tube 5: 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Part D (Metathesis): -
Precipitate Reaction: Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
Acid-base neutralization: H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Formation of a gas: H2SO4(aq) + Na2CO3(s) → Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g)
2. What other tests can be used to confirm the presence of carbon dioxide gas?
Bubble the gas through lime water (calcium hydroxide). The colour of the lime water
will turn cloudy if there is a presence of carbon dioxide.
3. How can you tell whether a chemical reaction has occurred?
We look at the observable changes during the reaction that is colour change,
production of an odour, change in temperature, formation of bubbles, formation of
solid (precipitate).
Discussion
For part A (Combination reactions), magnesium was heated (presence of oxygen) to produce
magnesium oxide, MgO. Metal reacts readily with the free oxygen and form oxides.
Combination reactions occur when two or more substances, elements, or compounds,
combine to form one new substance. In this part, magnesium reacts with oxygen to form
magnesium oxide.
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO (s)
For part B (Decomposition reactions), potassium chlorate, KClO3 decomposes when heated
to yield potassium chloride and oxygen gas. The glowing splint relight due to the presence of
oxygen gas around the mouth of the test tube. A source of energy (heat) is needed for this
reaction in order to break the complex compound's existing bonds. In a decomposition
reaction, the complex compound bond is broken down to create simpler compounds.
2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
For part C (Single replacement reactions), when one ion of a compound is replaced by
another element, this is known as a single replacement reaction. The compound's replaced ion
needs to be replaced with a similar element. In test tube 1, blue colour of CuSO4 solution
turned into green colour (FeSO4 solution) because copper was replaced by iron. Copper metal
can be seen on the iron nail.
CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
In test tube 2, the reaction between FeSO4 and copper changed the solution into cloudy
solution while copper has no changes. Copper replaces iron.
FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) → CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s)
In test tube 3, silver precipitate formed around copper as silver was replaced by copper.
2AgNO3(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
In test tube 4, bubble air formed around copper indicating the formation of hydrogen gas after
the reaction occurred and was replaced by copper
2HCl(aq) + Cu(s) → CuCl2(aq) + H2(g)
In test tube 5, gas bubble formed during the reaction shows that hydrogen gas was formed
and was replaced by zinc.
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
For part D (Metathesis), in precipitate reaction, yellow precipitate was formed. Potassium
was replaced by lead to form precipitate (solid).
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
In acid-base neutralization, gas bubble formed during mixing. Vapor was also released after
stirring the mixture of sulphuric acid (acid) and sodium hydroxide (base). As a result,
temperature of the mixture became hot and water and salt was formed.
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
In formation of a gas, gas bubble formed during mixing. Blue litmus paper changed its colour
to red indicating that an acid was formed. The gas bubble that was formed is carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide is acidic.
H2SO4(aq) + Na2CO3(s) → Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g)

Conclusion
The purpose of this experiment is to study the general types of chemical reactions and to
write balanced equations for each type of reaction. In combination reactions, when
magnesium reacts with oxygen, magnesium oxide was formed after heating. In
decomposition reaction, potassium chloride turned into liquid and gas. In single replacement
reaction, in test tube 1, iron nail undergoes rusting while test tube 2 solution turned into
cloudy. Silver precipitate formed in test tube 3 while in test tube 4 and 5, bubble air formed.
In metathesis, for precipitate reaction, yellow precipitate was formed while acid-base
neutralization, the temperature of mixture became hot and for formation of a gas, it formed
bubble that turned blue litmus paper into red colour due to the presence od carbon dioxide.
References
• John C. Kotz & Paul M. Treichel. (2005). Chemical reaction. Retrieved November
16, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-reaction
• Salisbury, J. (2021, April 2). Investigate chemical changes - what are some signs of
chemical change? MnSTEP Activity Mini-collection. Retrieved November 16, 2022,
from https://serc.carleton.edu/26789
• Types of Chemical Reactions (Experiment). (2021, September 23). Santa Monica
College. https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/93998

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1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reactions involved.

2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO (s)

2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) → CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s)

2AgNO3(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

2HCl(aq) + Cu(s) → CuCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

H2SO4(aq) + Na2CO3(s) → Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g)

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