Glossaire Du Système Nerveux Central: Acheminement (L') / Transmission

201615131 FREN1070 Glossary and commentary
Glossaire du système nerveux central
Acheminement (l') / Transmission
Definition: The passage of a nerve impulse across an anatomic cleft by activation of a specific chemical
mediator that stimulates or inhibits the structure across the synapse.
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, Transmissions. Available at: www.medical-

dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Transmissions (Accessed 7 December 2022)
Synonyms: Communication, transportation, conveyance
Bulbe rachidien (le) / Medulla oblongata
Definition: The lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, ed. Kara Rogers, Pons. Available at:

www.britannica.com/science/pons-anatomy (Accessed 7 December 2022)
Synonyms: Respiratory centre
Cervelet (le) / Cerebellum
Definition: A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of
muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Cerebellum. Available at:

www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cerebellum (Accessed 7 December 2022)
Synonyms: Cerebellar hemispheres, hindbrain
Clignement (le) / Blink
Definition: To close and open the eyes quickly, once or several times.
Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, Blink, (Cambridge University Press). Available at:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/blink (Accessed 9 December 2022)
Synonyms: Flicker, flutter [one’s eyelids]
Colonne dorsale (la) / Thoracic spine
Definition: Comprised of twelve vertebral bodies that make up the mid-region of the spine.
Spine health, Veritas, Available at: www.spine-health.com/glossary/thoracic-spine

(Accessed 9 December 2022)
Synonyms: Mid-spinal column

Couche de la matière piaque (la) / Pia mater
Definition: The innermost of the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
Collins English Dictionary, Pia Mater (HarperCollins Publishers). Available at:

www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pia-mater (Accessed 9 December 2022)
Crâne (le) / Skull
Definition: The bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Skull, (Oxford University Press). Available at:
www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/skull (Accessed 9 December 2022)
Synonyms: Scalp, skullcap, cranium
Cycle diurne (le) / Circadian rhythm
Definition: Physical, mental, and behavioural changes that follow a twenty-four-hour cycle.
National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Circadian Rhythms, (National Institutes of Health (US)).
Available at: https://nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/Circadian-Rhythms.aspx (Accessed 9
December 2022)
Synonyms: Biological rhythm, body clock
Déchirures (les) / Tears
Definition: Drops of saline fluid secreted by the lacrimal gland.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Tear. Available at: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tear (Accessed 9

December 2022)
Synonyms: Teardrops, lacrimal secretions
Écoulement du sang (l') / Blood flow
Definition: The movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or organ.
Scopeheal, ed. Dr Cameron Troup, Blood flow. Available at: https://scopeheal.com/blood-flow (Accessed
13 December 2022)
Synonyms: Bloodstream, circulation
Éternuements (les) / Sneezing
Definition: To expel air forcibly from the mouth and nose in a spasmodic involuntary action.
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, Sneeze. Available at: www.thefreedictionary.com/sneeze (Accessed 13

December 2022)
Synonyms: Sternutation
Évanouissement (l') / Fainting
Definition: A sudden and temporary loss of consciousness.
Medicalnewstoday.com, ed. Dr. Heidi Moawad, What is fainting, and what causes it? Available at:
www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182524 (Accessed 13 December 2022)
Synonyms: Collapsing, syncope, passing out
Éveil (l') / Wakefulness
Definition: The state of being unable to sleep.
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, Wakefulness. Available at: www.thefreedictionary.com/wakefulness

Synonyms: Insomnia, sleeplessness
Fente (la) / Cleft
Definition: An indented formation between ridges or protuberances.
Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Cleft. Available at: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cleft

Synonyms: Aperture, fissure, schism
Glucides (les) / Carbohydrates
Definition: Substances such as sugar or starch that provide the body with energy.
Cambridge Dictionary, Carbohydrate (Cambridge University Press). Available at:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/carbohydrate (Accessed 20 December 2022)
Synonyms: Saccharides, complex sugars
Hypophyse (l') / Pituitary gland
Definition: An endocrine gland situated beneath the base of the brain.
The Pituitary Society, Pituitary gland function. Available at:

www.pituitarysociety.org/pituitary-gland-function (Accessed 20 December 2022)
Synonyms: Ductless gland

Moelle épinière (la) / Spinal cord
Definition: A tightly packed column of nerve tissue, extending downwards from the brainstem through
the central column of the spine.
Queensland Brain Institute, Spinal cord, University of Queensland. Available at:

https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/spinal-cord (Accessed 20 December 2022)
Synonyms: Vertebral column
Motricité fine (la) / Fine motor skills
Definition: The movements and coordination of the small muscles of the body.
Rodil, J, Fine Motor Skills Defined by an Occupational Therapist. Available at: https://napacenter.org/fine-
motor-skills/ (Accessed 20 December 2022)
Synonyms: Motor coordination, movement capability
Mésencéphale (le) / Midbrain
Definition: Region of the developing vertebrate brain, composed of the tectum and tegmentum.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, ed. Adam Augustyn, Midbrain. Available at:

www.britannica.com/science/midbrain (Accessed 20 December 2022)
Synonyms: Neural structure, mesencephalon
Noyaux gris centraux (les) / Basal ganglia
Definition: A group of brain structures linked together, handling complex processes that affect the entire
body.
Cleveland Clinic, Basal Ganglia. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23962-basal-

ganglia (Accessed 20 December 2022)
Ouïe (l') / Hearing
Definition: The process by which sound vibrations are transformed into nerve impulses interpreted as
sounds by the brain.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cochlear nerve and central auditory pathways. Available at:
www.britannica.com/science/ear/Cochlear-nerve-and-central-auditory-pathways
Synonyms: Audition, listening, auditory perception

Paupière (la) / Eyelid
Definition: A movable fold of skin and muscle that can be closed over the eyeball.
MedicineNet, ed. Dr. Charles Patrick Davis, Eyelid, Available at:

www.medicinenet.com/eyelid/definition.htm (Accessed 23 December 2022)
Synonyms: Palpebra, blepharon
Seuil membranaire (le) / Membrane threshold
Definition: The difference between the electric potential in the intracellular and extracellular matrices of
the cell.
Vaskovic, Dr Jana, ed. Salvador, Francesca, Membrane potential. Available at:

www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/membrane-potential (Accessed 23 December 2022)
Synonyms: Membrane potential/voltage, transmembrane/threshold potential
Toxicomanie (la) / Substance addiction
Definition: A physical dependence on a chemical substance.
Harvard Health Publishing, Substance addiction, (Harvard Medical School). Available at:
www.health.harvard.edu/addiction/substance-addiction (Accessed 23 December 2022)
Synonyms: Dependence, obsession
Tronc cérébral (le) / Brainstem
Definition: The area at the base of the brain that serves a critical role in regulating certain involuntary
actions of the body.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Central nervous system (ed. Kara Rogers), Available at:
www.britannica.com/science/central-nervous-system (Accessed 23 December 2022)
Synonyms: Reticular formation
Vaine (la) / Blood vessel
Definition: The tubes through which blood is carried, including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules,
and veins.
Gupta, Dr Jessica and Shea, Dr Michael, MSD Manual (Consumer Version) (University of Michigan).
Available at: www.msdmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/biology-of-the-heart-and-
blood-vessels/biology-of-the-blood-vessels (Accessed 23 December 2022)
Synonyms: Venation

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201615131 FREN1070 Glossary and commentary

Glossaire du système nerveux central

Acheminement (l') / Transmission

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, Transmissions. Available at: www.medical-

Synonyms: Communication, transportation, conveyance

Bulbe rachidien (le) / Medulla oblongata

Encyclopaedia Britannica, ed. Kara Rogers, Pons. Available at:

Synonyms: Respiratory centre

Cervelet (le) / Cerebellum

Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Cerebellum. Available at:

Synonyms: Cerebellar hemispheres, hindbrain

Clignement (le) / Blink

Synonyms: Flicker, flutter [one’s eyelids]

Colonne dorsale (la) / Thoracic spine

Spine health, Veritas, Available at: www.spine-health.com/glossary/thoracic-spine

Synonyms: Mid-spinal column

Couche de la matière piaque (la) / Pia mater

Collins English Dictionary, Pia Mater (HarperCollins Publishers). Available at:

Crâne (le) / Skull

Synonyms: Scalp, skullcap, cranium

Cycle diurne (le) / Circadian rhythm

Synonyms: Biological rhythm, body clock

Déchirures (les) / Tears

Definition: Drops of saline fluid secreted by the lacrimal gland.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Tear. Available at: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tear (Accessed 9

Synonyms: Teardrops, lacrimal secretions

Écoulement du sang (l') / Blood flow

Definition: The movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or organ.

Synonyms: Bloodstream, circulation

Éternuements (les) / Sneezing

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, Sneeze. Available at: www.thefreedictionary.com/sneeze (Accessed 13

Évanouissement (l') / Fainting

Definition: A sudden and temporary loss of consciousness.

Synonyms: Collapsing, syncope, passing out

Éveil (l') / Wakefulness

Definition: The state of being unable to sleep.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, Wakefulness. Available at: www.thefreedictionary.com/wakefulness

Synonyms: Insomnia, sleeplessness

Fente (la) / Cleft

Definition: An indented formation between ridges or protuberances.

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Cleft. Available at: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cleft

Synonyms: Aperture, fissure, schism

Glucides (les) / Carbohydrates

Cambridge Dictionary, Carbohydrate (Cambridge University Press). Available at:

Synonyms: Saccharides, complex sugars

Hypophyse (l') / Pituitary gland

Definition: An endocrine gland situated beneath the base of the brain.

The Pituitary Society, Pituitary gland function. Available at:

Synonyms: Ductless gland

Moelle épinière (la) / Spinal cord

Queensland Brain Institute, Spinal cord, University of Queensland. Available at:

Synonyms: Vertebral column

Motricité fine (la) / Fine motor skills

Synonyms: Motor coordination, movement capability

Mésencéphale (le) / Midbrain

Encyclopaedia Britannica, ed. Adam Augustyn, Midbrain. Available at:

Synonyms: Neural structure, mesencephalon

Noyaux gris centraux (les) / Basal ganglia

Cleveland Clinic, Basal Ganglia. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23962-basal-