Part 3 Readings in Phil History

READINGS IN
PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
CHAPTER 2 : CONTENT
AND CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED
PRIMARY SOURCES
LESSON 1 : FIRST
VOYAGE AROUND THE
WORLD

Introduction
The development of Portuguese maritime
empire, apparent scientific and technological
advancement, European attraction to Asia’s
wealth and spices, incited Spain to expend
for an expedition. Subsequently, Spain along
with other European nations engaged in
discovering and taking possessions of lands
beyond the continent.
The period of discovery and expansionism
began in the 15th century, henceforth from
Europe came to the east huge vessels
loaded with merchandize and men under a
command to discover and covet lands in the
east.
This was an eventuality which adjoined

people and nations and such encounter had
far-reaching consequences until 19th century.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the
session, students should be able to:
1. Learn history through primary sources;

2. Properly interpret primary sources through
examining the content and context of the
document;
3. Familiarize with the primary documents i
different historical periods in Philippine
history.
MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY: Context
Analysis
As a student of Readings in
Philippine History, what do you
think will be your identity learning
from the past which you are less
familiar with?
LESSON PROPER
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA ( 1490 – 1534 )
Known by the name of Antonio

Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta;
Famous Italian traveler; Born in Vicenza
around 1490, died in the same city in
1534;
Studied astronomy, geography, and

cartography ; He worked in the ships
owned by the Knights of Rhodes.
Joined the Magallanes—Elcano
famous expedition to the
Moluccas that begun in August
1519 and finished on September
1522;
Had a written account of the

expedition entitled “The First
Voyage Around the World.”
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
1. “ The first voyage around the

world was written in one of the 5
ships of the Magallanes—Elcano
expedition.
2. King Charles V provided the

Spanish fleet named Armada de
Molucca which was led by Magellan.
3. These 5 ships were first one to
circumnavigate around the world
that was led by Ferdinand
Magellan, a Portuguese explorer,
and when he died in the Battle of
Mactan, Juan Sebastian Elcano
took over.
THE FIVE SHIPS
SANTIAGO: With 32 crews;
Under the command of Juan
Serrano; Smallest of the 5
ships; First ship that has
been lost.
SAN ANTONIO: With 60
crews; Under the command
of Juan de Cartagena;
Largest fleet; Second ship
that has been lost.
CONCEPCION: With 43
crews; Under the command
of Gaspar de Quesada and
was executed because of
mutiny; Burned; Third ship
that has been lost.
TRINIDAD: With 55 crews;
Under the command of
Ferdinand Magellan; The
Flagship; Was attacked by
Portuguese ship; Left
shipwrecked; Fourth ship
that has been lost.
VICTORIA: With 43 crews;
Under the command of Luiz
Mendoza, soon led by Juan
Sebastian Elcano;
Antonio Pigafetta on board;
First ship to circumnavigate the
world; Only ship to complete
the voyage.
Out of the 5 ships, only 3 ships
reached the Philippines. After the
Battle of Mactan, crews were just
enough to man two ships: Trinidad
& Victoria. Of the 5 ships, only
Victoria survived and went back to
Spain; Antonio Pigafetta also
survived and kept the journals
about their expedition.
Upon the advice of Pigafetta’s
associates, he presented his
account to Pope Clement VII,
Philippe de Villiers I’Isle-Adam,
and to Louis of Savoy to
finance its publication. But he
was unable to find a financier.
The original journal of
Pigafetta did not survived
throughout the history. What
was handed to us was just the
manuscript that never came
out of the press during his
lifetime.
ABOUT THE TEXT :
Pigafetta’s account is the longest

and most comprehensive in
describing their encounters during
the Magallanes—Elcano expedition.
WHAT WERE DISCUSSED?
1. The fate of the 5 ships throughout the

expedition;
2. The challenges and unforeseen problems along

the way of the expedition : hostility of the people
they met; shortage of food; misunderstandings
among the crews; mutiny ; types of diseases.
3. Maps, glossaries of native words, geographic

information and descriptions of the flora and
fauna of the place they visited.
MARCH 31, 1521—first mass in the
Philippines
Sunday morning mass was held at

MAZAUA(Limasawa) island;
Attended by local islanders,

Spanish voyagers, the two Rajas,
and Magellan.
APRIL 7, 1521—Arrival in ZUBU(Cebu)
Arrived at the port of Zubu(Cebu),

the largest and the most trade island;
Inhabitants’ houses were made of
logs as described by Pigafetta;
Fired mortars as a “sign of peace and
friendship”;
Tension between the king of Zubu
and the voyagers including Magellan
threatened them to rage war.
APRIL 14, 1521—Image of the CHILD JESUS
Held mass with Raja Humabon and

baptized 800 souls;
Pigafetta showed the CROSS and the

IMAGE of the CHILD JESUS to the queen
and asked to keep in place of her idols;
The CHILD JESUS is known today as

Santo Nino, which is celebrated every
January in Cebu.
APRIL 27, 1521—The famous Battle of Mactan
Datu Zula, chief of the island Matan(Mactan)

welcomed them. But Cilapulapu(Lapu-Lapu)
refused to obey/ honor the King of Spain;
Datu Zula requested the captain to defeat

Cilapulapu, which started the battle;
Natives outsmarted them, used “patibongs”

to defeat them. The voyagers lost in this
battle.
APRIL 28, 1521—death of Magellan
Captain told them to give up this losing

battle, but his men insisted;
Magellan was shot in the leg with a

poisoned arrow. He died, their “mirror”,
“comfort”, and “true guide” as what
Pigafetta described.
They retreated leaving their captain

dead.
SEPTEMBER 8, 1522—
VICTORIA, the only ship
that survived finally arrived
at Seville, Spain. Thus,
ending the Magallanes—
Elcano expedition.
RELEVANCE OF THE
DOCUMENT IN
UNDERSTANDING THE
GRAND NARRATIVE
OF PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
1. The account contributed to the field
of geography, navigation, cartography,
and history;
2. It debunked the “ FLAT EARTH

THEORY. “ One can go to the east by
going west.
3. Discovery of Mar Pacifico(Wide

Pacific Ocean);
4. Made us know of the different
native products during the pre-
colonial period: palm wine’ figs,
coconuts, palmito, etc.
5. Catholicism arrived in the

Philippines;
6. Paved the significance of journal

writing and historical recording;
7. It gave us a clear answer on who
really killed Magellan;
8. Pushed us to embrace the

importance of travelling or
exploring our country and the rest
of the world;
9. Difference of DISCOVERY &

REDISCOVERY;
10. It proved that our country was rich in
natural resources even before the
colonial period;
11. It made us know the physical

appearance of our ancestors: wearing
gold earrings, gold armlets on their arms,
kerchiefs on their heads;
12. It described the political status during

the pre-colonial era;
13. It described the ancestral
worship(worship of nature) during the pre-
colonial period;
14. It let us know the way of life of our

ancestors(houses and livelihood);
15. An evidence that most of us Filipinos

are hospitable even before;
16. Let us know the funeral practices and

beliefs during the pre-colonial period;
17. It showed the NATIONALISM of
LAPU-LAPU; It also showed how
wise and prepared they fought
against the Spaniards;
18. Importance of OMMUNICATION

N.B. It is important to know these
things(our origin) because we can
understand our own IDENTITY; we
can learn to preserve our culture
and can correct the mistakes that
happened in the past.
THANK YOU

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READINGS IN

This was an eventuality which adjoined

1. Learn history through primary sources;

Known by the name of Antonio

Studied astronomy, geography, and

Had a written account of the

1. “ The first voyage around the

2. King Charles V provided the

Pigafetta’s account is the longest

1. The fate of the 5 ships throughout the

2. The challenges and unforeseen problems along

3. Maps, glossaries of native words, geographic

Sunday morning mass was held at

Attended by local islanders,

Arrived at the port of Zubu(Cebu),

Held mass with Raja Humabon and

Pigafetta showed the CROSS and the

The CHILD JESUS is known today as

Datu Zula, chief of the island Matan(Mactan)

Datu Zula requested the captain to defeat

Natives outsmarted them, used “patibongs”

Captain told them to give up this losing

Magellan was shot in the leg with a

They retreated leaving their captain

2. It debunked the “ FLAT EARTH

3. Discovery of Mar Pacifico(Wide

5. Catholicism arrived in the

6. Paved the significance of journal

8. Pushed us to embrace the

9. Difference of DISCOVERY &

11. It made us know the physical

12. It described the political status during

14. It let us know the way of life of our

15. An evidence that most of us Filipinos

16. Let us know the funeral practices and

18. Importance of OMMUNICATION

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