Chapter 1 transportation in plants

Q1) Draw a magnified view of the root-hair, and describe, how it helps in the
absorption of water from the soil.

Answer:
Solution:

Given above is the magnified view of a root-hair. It is a long protuberance of a

cell. This cell contains a fluid sap which is more concentrated than the
surrounding soil water. The root-hair is covered by a very thin cell membrane
that allows water molecules to pass through but prevents the other larger
molecules. Such a membrane is called a semi-permeable membrane.

https://youtu.be/IILIgwW--wA
Video transcript
"hi kids welcome to lino learning question given here is draw a magnified view
of the root hair and describe how it helps in the absorption of water from the
soil so you have to draw a magnified view of the root head and then explain how
absorption of water from the soil is taking place so i have already placed a
picture over here so but you have to draw this picture when this question is
asked okay so what is this picture this is a root hair which is highly magnified
okay so what what all things can you see here this root hair it is having a cell wall
inside which there is a cell membrane okay so the cell will have a nucleus and
the cytoplasm is also there right so here you can see the epidermal cells of the
root so this is the basic magnitude view of the root head so from the root here
the from the figure you can understand that this whole thing is a cell right or we
can see that the root hair is a long protuberance of a set or an extension of a cell
so we can say that root hair is a long protuberance of a cell because it is already
having a cell wall a cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus all these things are present
except that it is being elongated a little bit okay so what is there what is present
in the cell cell fluid is present or fluid sap is there right so what happens when
the fruit sap is there the fluid the cell it contains the fluid sap right and what
about this food sap will be more concentrated right when compared to the
water that is outside outside the root or in the soil so which is more
concentrated than the surrounding water so what happens since the
concentration of water is low inside the cell and it is more outside the cell the
water starts diffusing into the cell or diffusing into the root hair or in effect the
root hair absorbs more water all right and here you can see a cell membrane
written here right so the roots they are root hairs are covered with membranes
so root hairs are covered by cell membranes which acts as a semi-permeable
membranes right so it allows the water molecules to move inside right because
water is a solvent which allows the water molecules to pass through but
prevents the larger molecules so only the water molecules and smaller nutrients
gets absorbed into the root hair right so this is how the absorption of water takes
place first thing is that the cell is having fluid sap which is more concentrated
when compared to the soil and water concentration will be very high outside
and lower inside and this cell is having a cell membrane root has have cell
membrane and the cell membrane acts as a semi-permeable membrane so the
water that is outside the membrane it starts diffusing into the membrane
through the membrane into the cell and that is how the root has absorbed the
what all right so that is the solution for this question if you have any doubt
regarding this question please comment below and do subscribe to this channel
for getting regular updates thank you"
Q2) How does transpiration help the roots absorb water and minerals from the
soil?

Answer:
Solution:

Transpiration process in plants creates a suction pressure which pulls up water

from the xylem of the roots to the stem and then to the leaves.

Xylem tissues are in the form of capillary tubes (tracheids and fibres) where
narrower the diameter, greater will be the force. Whenever the xylem vessels
lay empty, such as during the loss of water by transpiration, the water from
below rises into them by a capillary force.

Due to transpirational pull more and more water molecules are pulled up due
to their tendency of remaining joined (cohesion). Such pulling force created by
the leaves is very important in the case of tall trees where upward conduction
of water takes place.

https://youtu.be/nFfWTBXFssk
Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to new learning the question here is how does
transpiration help the roots absorb water and minerals from the soil okay so we
all know what transpiration is so what is transpiration transpiration is a yes loss
of water from the aerial parts of the plant and which are the aerial parts stem
plus leaves and mostly from the leaves so transpiration can be explained as the
laws of water from the aerial parts of the length so how does transpiration helps
in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil so when transpiration
occurs what happens a force is created a suction pressure is created by the
transpiration so transpiration creates a suction pressure which pulls up the
water from where from the silent vessels of the root to the silo vessels of the
stem and then to the silent muscles of the leaf because water is transported
through the side of muscles right so from the root then to stem then to the
leaves okay so water is being pulled up because of this suction pressure now
cylinder vessels they act as a capillary tube they are in the form of capillary tube
right so silent muscles are in the form of a capillary tube so when transpiration
occurs what happens during transpiration water is lost from the leaves so the
silent vessels becomes empty and when the siloam vessels becomes empty what
happened the water from the below it rises into the upper xylem vessels by a
capillary force so we can say that during the loss of water by transpiration xylem
vessels becomes cyanum vessels become empty all right and because of that the
water from water from below rises into them due to the capillary force all right
so this capillary force and the suction force they all helps in pulling up the water
from the roots to the leaves and along with this water what happens the
minerals also get absorbed into the leaves so as transpiration increases what
happens the more and more water molecules gets pulled up are pulled up from
the roots along with the minerals right okay and this pulling force is very
important for tall trees for the upward conduction of water to take place and
this pulling force is due to the transpiration right so this pulling force is very
important for the upward conduction of water in tall trees if this pulling force
was not there one then what will happen will the water reach the leaves of a tall
tree all right some pulling force should be there or the suction pressure should
be there so that the water goes up the tall trees stem to the leaves and then
only transportation takes place otherwise the plant will on the tree will dry up
so this transpiration creates the suction pressure and since xylem vessels are a
form of capillary tubes the capillary force is also there and these two combine
together it pulls up the water from the roots to the leaves and as transparent
increases that pool gets more and more and more water and minerals get
absorbed from the roots to the leaves all right so i hope you understood this if
you have any doubt please comment below and subscribe to this channel for
getting regular updates thank you"
Q3) Define the three processes by which plants absorb water and minerals
from the soil.

Answer:
Solution:

Osmosis, diffusion, and active transport are the three processes by which plants
can absorb water and other minerals of the soil.

Explanation:

Osmosis: In this process, the cell wall and the cell fluid act as permeable
membranes and semi-permeable membranes. The concentration of the cell is
more in comparison to the water. So, water enters through the roots by osmosis
process.

Diffusion: The soil water enters from the higher concentration to the lower
concentration by the process of diffusion.

Active transport: By active transport, process minerals enter from the reverse
direction.

https://youtu.be/OrRIE3R0wB4
Video transcript
hi everyone welcome to lido learning the question here is fill in the blanks so we
are having five parts so we'll go through the first question the largest number of
five digit is dash and the smallest number of six digit is dash so which is the
largest five digit number that is possible it is nine 9 9 9 9 right so that is 99 999
that is the largest five digit number that is possible and what about the smallest
six digit number six digital number will be one zero zero zero zero zero that is
one lakh okay now we'll move on to the second part that is a difference between
the smallest number of four digits and the largest number of three digits is equal
to this so which is the smallest number of four digits smallest number is one zero
zero zero that is thousand and the three digit largest number is nine hundred
and ninety nine so what is thousand minus nine ninety nine answer is one all
right so now we'll move on to the third part the sum that is addition of the
smallest number of three digits and the largest number of two digit is equal to
so which is the smallest number of three digit it is 100 and whatever the largest
number of two digits which is 99 and when you're adding you'll get 199 as the
answer all right now we'll move on to the fourth part on adding one to the
largest five digit number we get this number which is the smallest dash digit
number so when you're adding one to the largest five digit number so which is
the largest five digit number largest five digit number is nine nine nine nine nine
and when you're adding one to this number what will you get you will get right
we'll get a six digit number that is you'll get 1 lakh so we'll get one lakh which is
a smallest six digit number all right so we'll move on to the last part that is on
subtracting one from the smallest four digit number we get dash which is the
dash three digit number so which is the smallest four digit number smallest four
digit number is thousand and when i'm subtracting one from this thousand i'll
get 999 so here this blank we can fill it with fill it with 999 which is the dash three
digit number which is the largest three digit number or greatest three digit
number all right so we have filled all the blanks i hope you have understood this
question if you have any doubt you can comment and please subscribe to the
channel for any regular updates thank you
Related Questions
Q4) How water absorbed by the roots is important for the plants?

Answer:
Solution:

The water absorbed by the roots is important for the plant in three main ways:
Transportation: The water in the plant body transports substances in solution
from one part to another.

Food production: Water is used in producing food (photosynthesis) by

combining it with carbon dioxide from the air in the presence of sunlight.

Cooling: Water is used to cool the plant by evaporation through leaves when it
is hot outside.

https://youtu.be/CSnqARaeA1g
Video transcript
"Hi everyone. Welcome to Little Learning here. You can see the question how
water absorbed by The Roots is important for the plants. So we know that the
roots absorb water from the soil and gives it to the reefs. Okay? So how that
water that is being absorbed is important for the plants. So basically we can say
that. The water absorbed It's important in three ways. First one. As for
transportation Okay second one is for food production and third one is for
cooling. Okay. So what is transportation or how the water does the
transportation Sports? Substances In solution from one part of the from one
part of the plant So that is a type solved Fighter 2. So this is one way in which
the water is important. Next is the food production. So the water that is
absorbed by The Roots reaches the leaves and this is used in the food production
using producing the food for the plant by combining it with the carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide from the air in the presence of sunlight Let's put that is produced
which is the other parts of the plant also to water that is how Transportation
takes me. So II important way in which the water is used to set for production
creatures a leaves and this is used for producing foot by combining it with the
carbon dioxide. Just take it in by the leaves that will resolve the sound like now
the third important thing is cool. So how's school in Upper the water that is
absorbed is used colder. The plant in the case of very hot summer day by
evaporating. Through the leaves the openings in the leaves. That is the stomata
when it is hot outside. That is transpiration rate is the same as transpiration. So
transportation. We can go the plant in the case of a very hot summer day. So
the water that is absorbed by The Roots is also used for cooling so we can say
that there are three important the water have sought by the branches important
three ways first just use for transporting the substances or food produced from
one part of the plan to the other. This is all in the water and then just taken
around the plan second thing. Because used for them food production this
combined with the carbon dioxide the presence of sunlight to produce a foot for
the plant third important thing was it just used for cooling when the plant is
standing in a very hot climate you do in order to cool the blood. So what are gets
evaporated from the leaves to punctuation and temperature of the plant is
melting. So these are the three ways in which the water absorbed whiskey
bottle. I hope you understood this. If you have any doubts in this, please
comment below and subscribe. Subscribe to my channel for getting regular
updates. Thank you. "
Q5) Name the factors which affect the rate of transpiration? State their role in
each case.

Answer:
Solution:

1. Light

Plants transpire more rapidly in the light than in the dark. This is largely because
light stimulates the opening of the stomata (a mechanism). Light also speeds up
transpiration by warming the leaf.

2. Temperature

Plants transpire more rapidly at higher temperatures because water evaporates

more rapidly as the temperature rises. At 30°C, a leaf may transpire three times
as fast as it does at 20°C.

3. Humidity

The rate of diffusion of any substance increases as the difference in

concentration of the substances in the two regions increases. When the
surrounding air is dry, diffusion of water out of the leaf goes on more rapidly.

4. Wind

When there is no breeze, the air surrounding a leaf becomes increasingly humid
thus reducing the rate of transpiration. When a breeze is present, the humid air
is carried away and replaced by drier air.

5. Soil water

A plant cannot continue to transpire rapidly if its water loss is not made up by
replacement from the soil. When absorption of water by the roots fails to keep
up with the rate of transpiration, loss of turgor occurs, and the stomata close.
This immediately reduces the rate of transpiration (as well as of photosynthesis).
If the loss of turgor extends to the rest of the leaf and stem, the plant wilts.

https://youtu.be/Bu_m_rvElTg
Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to little learning the question is name the factors which
affect the rate of transpiration state their role in each case so which other
factors that affect transpiration and we have to stay there pro so which are the
factors that effect transpiration light temperature humidity water soil water soil
water and it goes on like that so we look in into each factor so the first factor
will take it as light all right so light is the first factor so what happens during
daytime the transpiration increases right so during daytime transpiration
increases why is that happening because the light stimulates the opening of
stomata now this tomato opens during day time and also during daytime when
sunlight is there it warms up the leaf soft so for cooling the plant also
transpiration occurs right so this is the reason why transpiration increases during
the data so that is the effect of light now second one is temperature so how
does temperature affect the rate of transpiration so as temperature increases
the transformation also increases okay so the transpiration rate at 30 degree
centigrade maybe three times as that it does at 20 degree so as temperature
increases transpiration also increases so we can say that at 30 degrees the leaf
may transpire three times as fast acid this at 20 degree so one reason is that the
leaves get warmed up and in order to cool the plant transpiration can occur now
the third factor is wind so what happens on a windy day transpiration increases
right so the transpiration occurs during a windy day because the humid climate
or the human surrounding is being carried away humid air is carried away
because of the wind and more water gets absorbed into the or more water gets
evaporated into the surroundings so because the humid hair humid air sorry
humid air is carried away and replaced by dryer okay so because of that on a
very windy day transpiration increases the next factor is humidity so what
happens during a humid condition when the surrounding is humid it cannot take
no any more water into it right it is saturated with the water content so
transpiration rate reduces so as humidity increases transpiration reduces this
happens because the rate of water absorption by the surrounding is reduced
due to humidity humidity okay so it cannot absorb any more water content into
it so that is why the rate of evaporation of water from the leaves also get
reduced so as humidity increases the transpiration reduces all right now the next
factor is soil water okay soil water so how will soil water affect transpiration rate
so the plants they almost continuously transpire and if this water loss is not
made up from the soil if it is not replaced from the soil then there is a chance
that the plant might wilt right so as transpiration increases more water needs to
be absorbed more water needs to be absorbed from the soil to replace the water
evaporated so what happens if the content soil water is less so if soil water is
less then the plant in this tomato closes to reducer transpiration stomata closes
and the rate of transpiration reduces so if the soil water is reduced then the
transpiration so we can say the soil water is there or if the soil water is more
than the transpiration rate will also increase so if the soil water is less or it is not
being replaced then the transmission rate also reduces because this tomato
closes okay and if the soil water is not replacing the water that is being
evaporated or the content of soil water is very low then the plant starts drying
up okay so this these are the five fact main factors that affect the transportation
i hope you understood this if you have any doubt in this please comment below
and subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates thank you"
Q6) Mention the two ways in which transpiration helps the plants.

Answer:
Solution:

It has two main functions: cooling the plant and pumping water and minerals to
the leaves for photosynthesis.

• Transpiration results in transpiration pull which thereby increases the rate of

absorption of water along with minerals from the soil through roots.

• Transpiration helps in transportation of absorbed minerals to all the parts of

the plant.

• Transpiration provides water for the process of photosynthesis.

• Transpiration helps in cooling the structures of the plant when exposed to hot
sunlight.

• Transpiration helps the cells to maintain their turgidity.

• Excess water is removed from the cells of the plant to prevent plant decay.

• Osmotic balance of the cell is maintained by the process of transpiration.

• Transpiration helps in the distribution of dissolved substances to all parts of

the plant.
• Transpiration is also helpful in maintaining balance in the environment by
protecting trees and thereby forests.

https://youtu.be/9IfqZiP46DY
Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to little learning here the question is mention the two
ways in which transpiration helps the plants so how does transpiration help the
plant there are many many important things are important ways and vegetation
helps the plant so we look into a few few of them so first mainly we will see the
most important two ways in which the transplant helps the plant so functions of
transpiration if you are telling the first important function is that it helps in
pumping the water and minerals to the leaves for photosynthesis that is for
production right so this is the main function of transpiration that is a pumping
of water and minerals from the root to the leaves for photosynthesis and the
second important function is that cooling of plants when the temperature
around the plant that is temperature in the environment increases the plants
need to be cooled for maintaining the temperature inside the plant the water
evaporates more from the leaf openings that is transpiration rate increases to
maintain the temperature and thus it cools the plant so these are the two
important functions of transpiration and we'll see a few more functions of
transpiration that is it provides it helps in transportation of absorbed minerals
to all parts of the plant so transportation of minerals to all parts of the plant
okay then excess water is removed from the plant to avoid decay of the plant
lot of water is there unwanted water is there then it leads to the decay of the
plant so to avoid the decay excess water is removed through transpiration then
we can say that distribution of dissolved substances to all parts of the plant right
now also osmotic balance is maintained so these are the functions of
transpiration and the two important functions are these that is the pumping of
uh water and minerals to the leaves for photosynthesis okay and the second one
is the cooling of plants when the environment is very hot so these are the two
ways in which the transmission helps the plants the rest of these are just the
functions that follows the first two functions all right so i hope you understood
this if you have any doubt in this please comment below and do subscribe to this
channel for getting regular updates thank you "
Practice Question:

"Raisins swell in water, and grapes shrink in syrup." Explain this phenomenon
briefly.

Answer:
Solution:

When we put some raisins in a bowl containing, and some soft-skinned grapes
in another bowl containing thick syrup of sugar. After 10-12 hours we see raisins
have absorbed water and swelled whereas the grapes have shrunken. This
happened because of the peel acting like a semi-permeable membrane.

The experiment states that the peel over the raisins and that of grapes act as a
semipermeable membrane. This membrane has very minute pores which allow
water molecules to pass through but prevent the larger ones of sugar.

https://youtu.be/PsCz-RiTNig

Video transcript
hi everyone welcome to little learning here we can see a practice question that
is raisins swell in water and grapes shrink in syrup explain this phenomenon
briefly okay so the phenomenon is given as raisins if you're putting them in water
it swells up whereas grapes if you're putting it in syrup sugar syrup it shrinks
right so how can you explain this phenomenon briefly so here i have placed a
picture so here you can see that in a bowl some raisins are kept inside the water
solution so inside water some raisins are kept and after 10 to 12 hours you can
see that the raisins absorbs the water and they swell up whereas the graves it is
placed in a strong solution of sugar so what happens after 10 to 12 hours the
graves lose water so why is that happening here yes because the peel of the
raisins and graves it acts as a semi-permeable membrane so here we can say
that the raisins is put in a bowl of water and grapes it is put in a bowl of
concentrated sugar syrup right so now what happens after 10 12 10 to 12 hours
the raisins swell and the grapes shrink right so how this happens this happens
because the peel acts as a semi-permeable membrane so what is the property
of a semi-permeable membrane it allows the small particles to pass through the
membrane right so here in the case of grapes or in the case of raisins if you are
taking these membrane that is appeal will have very minute pores which allows
the molecules to pass through and it prevents the larger molecules from passing
through it so in the case of raisins the water concentration is more outside than
inside the racing outside the racing and so what happens since the peel is a semi-
permeable membrane the water diffuses into the tracing so that is why it swells
up because water gets absorbed all right and what about the case of grapes in
the case of grapes here also the peel is acting as a semi-permeable membrane
but the grapes they are placed in in strong solution of sugar that is concentrated
solution of sugar so the concentrations of sugar is more outside and the water
concentration will be more inside the grapes so what happens the water starts
moving from the grapes to the outside into the sugar solution and since it is
having a semi-permeable membrane it does not allow the sugar which is larger
molecules to come inside okay so in the case of grapes we can say that the peel
prevents larger molecules of sugar to pass through and what happens the
concentration of concentration of water is more inside the grapes when
compared to the sugar solution and because of this water diffuses outside or
diffuses to the sugar solution hence water diffuses into the sugar solution right
and because of that the grapes lose water and thus the grapes lose water and
they shrink okay so this is the main reason why the raisins if put in water swells
up and graves which is put in concentrated sugar syrups shrink because the peel
is acting as a semi permeable membrane and the diffusion takes place from a
larger concentration to a lower concentration okay so this is a solution for this
question if you have any doubt regarding this comment below and do subscribe
to this channel for getting regular updates thank you
Q7) Describe an experiment to show that the plant loses water through its
leaves.

Answer:
Solution:
To demonstrate that the plant loses water through its leaves

Take a small-sized, well-watered potted plant with a few branches.

Place a polythene bag over its one branch as shown in A and tie it with a rubber
band.

Remove all the leaves from another branch (B) of the same plant, cover this also
with polythene and tie it with a rubber band.

Place the plant in sunlight, and observe it after 4-6hours.

You'll notice that tiny water droplets have appeared on the inner surface of the
polythene bag over branch A, while no water drops appear on branch B.

This experiment proves that plant loses water through its leaves.

https://youtu.be/iXUp57IRf6E

Video transcript
hi everyone welcome to lido learning question number seven is describe an
experiment to show that the plant loses water through its leaves so we know
that transpiration when transpiration occurs the plant closes the water through
its leaves but we need to describe an experiment to show that the plant loses
water through its sleeves so for this experiment what we need is we need to
take a small small sized plant okay and it should be well watered a potted plant
can be taken from this experiment and it should have a few branches okay now
what what what we are going to do is as shown in this picture here we are going
to place a plastic bag around a branch a which is having few leaves and tie it with
a rubber band okay so place a polythene bag over one of the branches as shown
in a and tie it with a rubber band all right now we have to do the same thing
around another branch b after removing all the leaves so from a branch b we
have to remove all the leaves and cover it with voltage and tie it with a rubber
band okay since this is well watered plant we can next step is to place this place
the plant in the sunlight and observe after around maybe four to six hours one
second observe yeah and observe the plant after four to six hours so what do
you think what will you find in this branch a and branch b you can find tiny
droplets of water inside the polythene bag in which branch will you find this
around the branch a right because branch a is having leaves and branch p is not
having any leaves so this tiny drops droplet of water it it is appearing it must
have appeared inside the polythene bag over the branch a while no droplets will
be there around the branch b all right so with this experiment we can prove that
the plant loses water through leaves plant loses water through its leaves right
so you can find the water droplets around the plastic bag which is kept around
the branch which is having leaves why because the water gets evaporated
through the leaves and since this is covered with a polythene bag it can't go
evaporated so it is stuck inside the plastic bag as tiny droplets of water but in
case of branch b where there are no leaves no transpiration takes place and
hence there is no water droplets to be seen around the branch we politely okay
so this proves that the plant loses the water through its leaves okay so i hope
you understood this if you have any doubt regarding this please comment below
and don't forget to subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates thank
you
Q8) Name any three minerals whose deficiency causes diseases in plants. Give
the symptoms of each deficiency.

Answer:
Solution:

The nutrient elements i.e minerals are essential for the plants to grow well and
complete their life-cycle properly. The minerals are divided into two main
categories:
 1. Macronutrients: they are required in large concentrations and they are
obtained from soil.

Example: nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K)

2. Micronutrients: they are required in small quantities and they are

obtained from soil.

Example: Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn)

https://youtu.be/VntBR5ZaOPs

Video transcript
"hi kids welcome to learning the question given here is name any three minerals
whose deficiency causes diseases in plants give the symptoms of each deficiency
okay so we have to name any three minerals whose deficiency can cause
diseases in plants and also we have to give the symptoms of each deficiency
okay for a plant to grow well we need minerals okay and these minerals are
basically two types that is first one is macronutrients and the second one is micro
nutrients so macronutrients as the name suggests it is required in large
quantities macro so it is required in large quantities and it is absorbed from the
soil example if you are telling nitrogen phosphorous potassium etc examples
whereas for micronutrients micro so it is required in small quantities again this
is also absorbed from the soil and the example examples are iron manganese
zinc etc okay so these nutrients there is a deficiency of any of these nutrients it
can cause or it can lead to some problems affecting their vegetative and
reproductive face some deficiency disorders can come and it leads to some
vegetative and reproductive props okay so we look into any of these three
nutrients what it is needed why is it needed for and what is the problem if a
deficiency occurs or what is the symptoms for each deficiency okay the first one
that we'll take will is going to be the nitrogen so nitrogen is required in large
quantities it is a macronutrient actually it is needed for making proteins and
nucleic acid nucleic acid and a deficiency of nitrogen leads to generally a poor
growth for the plant and also the older leaves turn yellow in color so this is the
same term this is the mineral it's used and deficiency synth okay so that was the
first one now we need to name other two second one we'll take potassium okay
potassium is needed for enzyme activation then it is needed for water balance
etc and a deficiency symptom is that the mature leaves develop yellow edges
okay so that is the deficiency symptom if the deficiency for potassium occurs
which is again a macronutrient the mature leaves they develop yellow edges
now the third mineral whose deficiency can cause diseases is copper the use is
that it activates certain enzymes okay and the symptom deficiency symptoms is
that the shoots or the upper part of the plant it fails to develop we having the
plant will be having a retarded growth okay so these are many the many
nutrients are required many minerals are required and the deficiency of those
minerals will lead to some deficiency disorders and symptoms can be found on
the plants the question is required only three minerals and the deficiency
symptoms so here we have listed out three minerals out of which two are macro
nutrients that is nitrogen and potassium and copper as a micro nutrient okay so
i hope you understood this questions answer if you have any doubt in this please
comment below and subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates thank
you"
Q9) List out the differences between xylem and phloem.

Answer:
Solution:

Xylem Phloem

Xylem is the complex tissue of

Phloem is living tissue, responsible
plants, responsible for transporting
for transporting food and other
water and other nutrients to the
organic materials.
plants.

Xylem consists of dead cells Pholem mainly contains living cells

(parenchyma is the only living cells (fibres are the only dead cells in the
present in the xylem). phloem).

They comprise of phloem fibres,

They comprise of xylem vessels,
sieve tubes, sieve cells, phloem
fibre and tracheids.
parenchyma and companion cells.

Xylem is located in the centre of the Phloem is located on the outer side
vascular bundle, deep in the plant. of the vascular bundle.

Their movement is unidirectional. Their movement is bidirectional.

 Xylem Phloem

Phloem transports food materials

Xylem transports only minerals and that are prepared by the green parts
waters from the roots of the plants to other parts of the
plant.

Does not provide mechanical

Provide mechanical support.
support.

Xylem is the dead tissue at maturity, Phloem is the living tissue, but not
but no cell contents. with the nucleus.

Xylem often constitutes the bulk of Phloem forms a small part of the
the plant body. plant body.

In xylem, the conducting cells or In phloem, the conducting cells are

tracheary cells are dead. living.

https://youtu.be/F6oyHS7bL_I
Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to lido learning the question given here is list out the
differences between xylem and flower okay so we have to find the difference
between xylem and fluorine vessels as we know xylem and flowing vessels are
the vascular tissues that are present in the plant for the conduction of water and
minerals as well as the prepared food okay so we'll go through each point of
difference between xylem and fluorine the first point is that xylem is a complex
tissue of plants and it is responsible for transporting water and other nutrients
to plants okay then what about phloem phloem is a leaving tissue again of plants
right and it is responsible for what transporting which is responsible for
transporting the food food and other organic materials okay so first first is first
difference is that xylem is a complex tissue and it is responsible for the transport
of water and minerals whereas phloem is a living tissue responsible for the trans
for transporting food and other organic materials now xylem it mainly consists
of dead cells and the only living cell is called parenchyma the only living cell in
the silent category okay so it mainly consists of dead cells whereas phloem it
mainly consists of leaving cells okay and the name of one dead cell only dead
cell is that it is fiber fibers are the only dead cell among the fluorim vessels all
right so now moving on to the third point the xylem tissue consists of or it
comprises of xylem vessels fiber and brackets whereas fluid it comprises of
phloem phloem fibers then sieve tubes see sorry see if cells are there then flow
m parenchyma which is also present for the asylum right and companion cells
so these are the different parts of phloem tissue all right now moving on to the
fourth point the location the silo vessels are located at the center of the vascular
bundle okay so that is the location of the xylem missiles or the asylum as a whole
now the for the flowing it is located at the outer edge located on the outer side
of the vascular body so the center portion is asylum and the outer side portion
is a fluid yeah yeah now next point the movement inside of muscles the
movement is unidirectional for the silent vessels it will be moving only in the
upward direction for silent message whereas for phloem movement is
bidirectional it is not necessary that for uh your the silent muscles it it is going
in the upward direction asylum particular silent vessel will be moved the
movement will be in only one direction can be upward or downward but only in
one direction whereas for a flower the movement is always bidirectional okay
and next one cylon vessels they provide mechanical support for the plant varys
is flowing vessels they do not provide mechanical support okay now moving on
to the last part last point is that the silo vessels constitutes bulk of the plant body
okay so the plant bodies major part consists of the cyan muscles whereas a
phloem forms a small part of the plant what all right so these are the basic
difference between uh the silo vessels and phloem vessels all right so we can
see around seven to eight points here so i hope you understood this and if you
have any doubt in this please comment below and do subscribe to this channel
for getting regular updates thank you"
Q1) Put a tick mark against the correct alternative in the following statements:

(a) Diffusion occurs when molecules move:

1. From lower concentration to higher concentration.

2. From higher concentration to lower concentration through a
membrane.
3. From higher concentration to lower concentration.
4. When energy is used.

(b) The ascent of sap in plants takes place through:

1. Cortex
2. Epidermis
 3. Xylem
4. Phloem

(c) if the xylem vessels of a plant are plugged :

1. The leaves will turn yellow

2. No food will be made
3. The plant will wilt (shrivel)
4. The plant will continue to grow

(d) The force responsible for the ascent of sap is:

1. Capillary force
2. Root pressure
3. Transpirational pull
4. All three

(e) raisins swell when put in:

1. Rain water
2. Tap water
3. Mustard oil
4. Saturated sugar solution

(f) the root-hairs are suited for absorbing water from the soil because:

1. They have a large surface area

2. They have a semi-permeable membrane
3. They contain a solution of higher concentration than the surrounding
water
4. All three

(g) Transpiration is defined as:

1. The rise of water up to the stem of the plant.

2. The elimination of water with dissolved water products.
3. The loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant.
4. The loss of water as water vapour from the roots as well as the leaves
of the plant.

(h) which one of the following favours the fastest transpiration rate?

1. A cool, humid, windy day,

 2. A hot, humid, windy day,
3. A hot, humid, still day,
4. A hot, dry, windy day,

Answer:
Solution:

(a) 3. From higher concentration to lower concentration.

(b) 3. Xylem

(c) 3. The plant will wilt (shrivel)

(d) 4. All three

(e) 1. Rain water

(f) 4. All three

(g) 3. The loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant.

(h) 4. A hot, dry, windy day.

https://youtu.be/FQNenMkALfI
Video transcript
Hi everyone. Welcome to Little Learning. Here there is an MCQ we will. So put a
tick mark against the current alternator and the following statements. First one
is diffusion occurs when molecules move from lower concentration to higher
concentration from higher concentration to lower concentration through a
membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration and the fourth
one is for when energy is used. So what is diffusion has our movement of
particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration. So the correct option is three. Okay, so we'll put a tick mark over
3. And what is this? From lower to higher concentration to lower concentration
through a membrane. That is osmosis. Okay, moving on to the second question
be the essence of sap in Plants takes place through the cortex epidermis Asylum
or floor. Yes. I'll Ascent of septic space through site All right. Now the third part
is silo vessels for the plant are plucked. The leaves will turn yellow no food will
be made the plant will Wilt or shrivel the plant will continue to grow xylem
vessels is responsible for the transportation of water and minerals to the these
for production of food. If that signing vessel is plugged then what happens the
plan will not get any water or minerals and because of that the plant will The
answer is again three the plant will. Now the force responsible for the ascent of
sap is the capillary Force root pressure translation pull all three. Yes, all three all
the three forces at this capillary Force because the cycle muscles are of the form
of capillary tubes the root pressure, as well as the transportation for all these,
are responsible for the ascent of sap. So the answer option is for that is all three.
Now the E part is racist swell when put in vain water tap water mustard oil and
saturated syrup sugar solution. Rainwater right? Yes, so when the raisins are put
in rainwater the water starts moving from the outside of it gets absorbed into
the present because the concentration of more water is more. Outside the race
so the answer is Rainwater. Now if the root hairs are so suited for absorbing
water from the soil because first when they have a large surface area, we have
a semi-permeable membrane the contains a solution of higher concentration
than the surrounding water. And the fourth option is all the three. Yes, you
would have a suitable for absorbing water from the soil because they have a
large surface. They have seen from a membrane and they contain a solution of
higher concentration of the surrounding water. All three are correct. So the
answer is the fourth option. That is all three. Now G part transpiration is defined
as the rice of water up to the stem of the plant the elimination of water with the
saltwater products the loss of water as water vapor from the early parts of the
plan the loss of water as water vapor from the roots as well as the leaves of the
lab. We all know the translations in the loss of water vapor from the aerial parts
of the plant. Not from the roots. From the aerial parts of the plant. So option
three is a correct one. Now the last Which one of the following favors a faster
transpiration rate a cool humid windy day a hot humid windy day a hot humid
still they hot dry windy today. So as the temperature increases transpiration
increases. So the first option is not the correct way now as humidity increases
transpiration decreases. So the second and third option is like in not correct.
Now we are left only with the fourth option. That is hot dry and waiting. Okay,
so during a hot dry windy day. The transpiration rate will be very fast. So, these
are the correct answers for this question. If you have any doubt, please
comment below and do subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates.
Thank you.
Q1) An experiment was set up as shown in the figure below. After some time,
the Water level in test tube A fell down but not in test tube.
Why was there a fall in the water level of test tube A and not in that of test-
tube B?

Answer:
Solution:

Test Tube A contains plants, therefore, the water level in test tube A falls
because the water is absorbed by the plant through the roots dipped in water.
Since the test tube contains oil, no water loss occurred due to evaporation.

In test-tube B the water level remains the same because there is no plant
present as well as oil refrains the water to evaporate.

https://youtu.be/Sy_uXJVW6bU

Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to lido learning the question given here is an experiment
was set up as shown in the figure below after some time the water level in the
test tube a fell down but not in test tube b so why was there a fall in the water
level of test tube a and not in that of test tube b okay so that is a question so
here what is given an experiment was set up okay and as you can see there are
two test tubes here that is test tube a and test tube b so what is the difference
between test tube a and test tube b yes there is only one difference that is in
test tube a you can see some plants whereas in test tube b plants are not there
and what about the first layer in both the test tubes both the test tubes are
having the first layer as oil okay and below that we have water so what is being
told in the question after some time what happened the water level in test tube
a fell down or came down whereas it did not happen in test tube b okay so we
need to find why what level of test tube a has fallen when compared to test tube
b so can you think why it happened so i'll write it that is in test tube a plans are
present right when compared to test tube we so what happens when plants are
present plants absorb water right so plants absorb water through roots so we
can say the plants absorb water through its roots you can see the roots over
here that coming inside the test tube right so these plants they absorb the water
through its roots and because of that what happens the water level drops or we
can say it falls what level falls okay and what is the effect of oil that is there at
the top because of oil the water is not lost due to evaporation okay so we can
write that point that is since oil is present what happens water is not lost through
evaporation okay yes now what happens at test tube b test tube b does not have
any plants but it is having oil just like that in test tube a so the what about the
water level in test tube will it come down no right because in test tube b first
reason is that plants are not present and also the layer of oil prevents the
evaporation of water hence what happens yes the water level will remain the
same okay so we can say that the water level in test tube b remains the same all
right okay so in test tube a since plants are present these plants absorb the water
through its roots but since oil is present water is not lost through evaporation
so in test tube b also oil because of the presence of oil as the first layer again
water is not lost through evaporation but the since the plants are not present
the level of water does not come down when compared to the test tube a okay
so i hope you understood why there was a fall in the water level of test tube a
and not in that of test tube b so if you have any doubt in this question comment
below and subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates thank you"
Q2) How are roots useful to the plants? Give any two points.

Answer:
Solution:

There are many parts of a plant, including the roots. Roots are very important
for the plant because:

• They suck the water and nutrients up out of the soil into the plant. Like this
they are not only good for the plant, but they are also good for the soil.
• When it rains, the roots hold the soil in place so it is not washed away. When
soil gets washed away it is called erosion.

In places with a lot of rain and not a lot of trees, mudslides can be a big problem.
Mudslides can hurt people and animals and also take away all the good soil,
making it difficult to grow plants.

https://youtu.be/bCO2sFw6fTo

Video transcript
hello welcome to leader learning today we are going to see how to solve the
equations we have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 equations are there we
are going to solve this 15 equations let's do it we are going to find the variable
values the first one x plus 2 equal to 6 so x equals to 6 minus 2 when the plus 2
comes to the right side it will become minus 2 minus 2 x equals to 4 this is the
first one second one x plus 6 equals to 2 now we the same steps when it goes to
the rhs side 2 minus 6 when we check here the bigger number has the sign of
minus sign the bigger number has a minus sign so the definite answer will be in
minus okay there will be number as myself definite answer will be in minus and
so we should keep directly here minus so plus c into minus what is the plus into
minus is minus so 6 minus 2 is 4 so answer is minus 4 okay here 4 and here is
minus 4 let me go with third one [Music] in third one we can see y plus eight
equals to five y plus eight equals to five when we look into here y equals to five
minus eight same thing we should follow for all roles then y equals to minus 3
because higher number has minus and number is minus so plus into minus minus
8 minus 5 is 3 so y equals to 3 now let's do with the other cases i am roughing it
out the next one is x plus 4 equal to 3 you can also do by your own take care of
you can do it fourth one x plus 4 equals to minus 3 x equals to when the 4 moves
outside minus 3 minus 4 x equals to minus 7 okay the next one fifth one y plus 2
equals to minus 8. y equals to minus eight minus two y equals to minus ten then
we go with next cases sixth one b plus 2.5 we do in the next clear page p plus
2.5 is equal to 4.2 b equals to 4.2 minus 2.5 getting the lhs2 rhs so we can get
now four point two minus two point five to do it in rougher four point two minus
2.5 you can write 4.2 minus 2.5 it is 10 12 it will be 12 will be 7 it will be 1 case 3
this one so 17 it is 1.7 so it will be 1.7 b value is one point we'll do with next one
that is p plus 4.6 equals to 8.5 this seventh one p equals to eight point five minus
four point six you can do we should keep the decimals the same place 4.6 it is
15 so it will be 5 plus 4 9 and it will be 2 minus here this seven seven minus four
is three three point nine is answer p value is three point nine three point nine
okay yeah then we see for the other one we have done seven things we are left
with more eight we should check with the latches and arches when we take the
number from the lhs and rhs let's do our h2.h3 we should change the sign that's
it we go with the eighth one y plus 3.2 equals to minus 6.5 y equals to minus 6.5
minus 3.0 so it will be minus into minus plus we know six point five three point
two it is also a result it will be plus we should add it now seven six seven eight
nine nine point seven minus nine point seven so answer will be minus nine point
seven okay let me go with next one oh next one is ten eighth ninth one ninth
one a plus 8.9 equals to minus 12.6 a equals to minus 12.6 minus 8.9 so again
we should add it because minus minus is plus 12.6 minus 8.9 should add it six
plus nine expression is fifty one carry eleven and carrying two twenty one point
five so the final answer will be minus twenty one point five okay yeah we'll do
with other six you should concentrate while changing from the lhs to rhs that's
it now we are doing with the tenth one jordan 10th one right x into 2 1 by 3
equals to 5 x equals to 2 1 by 3 is 2 by 3 we can write it as 2 by 3 you can say 2
by 3 or not we can say it as 2 by 3 2 1 by 3 as 3 2 6 plus 1 seven by three this
seven by three will not say two by three it is seven by three into equals to five
okay then when we check here x equals to 15 by 7 here what we did it's a mixed
fraction 3 to the 6 x plus 1 7 by 3 so we have taken 3 3 multiplied with 5 we got
15 by 7 so 15 by 7 will be 2.5 okay 2.5 next one eleventh one z plays two equals
to four one by five set equals to 4 1 by 5 minus 2 z equals to 5 4 20 21 by 5. minus
2 so you can take it as 21 minus 10 by 5 it is because you have multiplied here 5
and divided by 5. it will be same now so denominator has taken common so 11
by 5 it is also 2.5 2.5 okay then we go with other things the left is 12 that means
14 15. you're left with four things in the mixer fractions which is convert into a
improper fraction first and then we should solve it again same as the fractions
now we go with the 12th one m plus three one by two is equals to four one by
four m plus it will written as three to the sixth plus one seven by two four four
sixteen plus one seventeen by two seventeen by four itself m equals to
seventeen by four minus seven by two when we take it this one m equals to
taking for a celsium we are multiplying it numerator by 2 and denominator by 2
becoming 17 minus simultaneous of fourteen three by four what is the value of
three by four you can directly find it out by doing the division four zero we can
keep zero four seven zero twenty eight and two left with us twenty again four
five zero point seven five three by four is zero point seven five now go with 13th
one okay that is also same like this only you should see the mixer fractions first
we should convert the mixture fraction that's it the 13th one is 13th one x plus
2 equals to 1 1 by 4. you can say the mixture fraction as proper fraction is 4 1 4
plus 1 5 by 4 x equals to 5 by 4 minus 2 so it will be 4 [Music] by 4 and divided
by 4 is 5 minus 8 minus 3 by 4 so answer will be minus 0.75 same but here the
minuses came because 5 minus 8 is minus 3 it is not plus 3 okay then we see the
other one by raising this the other case is fourteenth one y plus phi one by three
equals to four y plus 5 3 15 plus 1 16 by 3 equals to 4 y plus 16 by 3 value is how
much we can find it out it's called 2 which remove this place is equals to 4 minus
16 by 3 so we can take it as 4 3 12 minus 16 by 3 minus 4 by 3 okay this answer
is minus 4 3 now go with the next one 15th one the 15th one has last one
fifteenth one a plus three one by five one one by two a equals to two one two
plus one three by two minus five there are fifteen plus one sixteen by five it is
completely lcm is ten here it will be multiplied by 5 here it will be multiplied by
2 okay yeah 5 15 to the 16 to the 32 okay now we can find out the answer is 32
minus 15 32 minus 15 is 7 117 17 by 10 it is minus 17 by 10 final answer is -7 i
hope you understand all the questions if you have any query you can put it down
in the comment section and thank you for watching this video
Q3) What do xylem vessels carry?

Answer:
Solution:

Xylem tissue is used mostly for transporting water from roots to stems and
leaves but also transports other dissolved compounds

https://youtu.be/a9BAGVtCHFs

Video transcript
"Hi everyone. Welcome to little burning. Question given here is what do silent
vessels carry. So what are silent vessels xylem vessels are vascular tissues of a
plant which is the another vascular tissue of plant. Yes flow. Yes, so vascular
tissues of plant plants are silent and We need to deal with deal with Asylum.
That is we need to see what xylem vessels carry. Okay. So what do siren vessels
carry? Where are these silent results present? Yes this eylem. Vessels are
present in Roots as well as leaves of a plant. Okay, so they are present in the
roots and leaves of a plant and what do they carry? Frightened. Mrs. Carey it
helps in the Upward movement of What all things upward movement means
which all things more up? Yes movement of water. And minerals from where
from The Roots. Stem and leaves Okay. So what is what does iron muscles carry
it carries water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves. Okay. So
Asylum is a vascular tissue that is present in plant and it is present where roots
and leaves so and it helps in the upward movement of water and minerals from
the roots to the stem and Okay, so I hope you understood this question. If you
have any doubt in this comment below and do subscribe to this channel for
getting regular updates. Thank you. "
Q4) Name the plant tissue which helps in carrying the food to different parts.
Answer:
Solution:

Phloem

https://youtu.be/L9H7bVF5ukk

Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to lido learning quest number four is name the plant
tissue which helps in carrying the food to different parts okay so we have to
name the plant tissue which helps in carrying the food to different parts of the
plant so which are the two plant tissues that we know the plant tissues are called
as vascular tissues or plants so the vascular tissues are silent and fluid so in this
asylum it is present in the roots and the leaves and xylem helps in the upward
movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and stem so what
about phloem what will phloem do phloem is also a vascular tissue so if the
water and minerals are being taken by xylem then what will phloem do yes so
phloem transports the prepared food material from where from the yes from
the leaves to the other parts of the plant in the soluble form okay so the
prepared food material is carried in soluble form from leaves to other parts of
the plant okay so this answers the question that is which name the plant tissue
which helps in carrying the food to different parts and which is that plant tissue
that helps in carrying food flowing okay so phloem it carries a prepared food
material in soluble form from where from the leaves to other parts of the plant
okay so i hope you understood this question if you have any doubt regarding
this question please comment below and do subscribe to this channel for getting
regular updates thank you"
Q5) Define the terms:

(a) semi-permeable membrane

(b) osmosis.

Answer:
Solution:

(a) Semi-permeable membrane:

A semipermeable membrane is a membrane that only allows movement of
solvent molecules but restrict movement of solute particles across the
membrane.

(b) Osmosis:

The process of movement of water molecules from a region of higher

concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable
membrane is called osmosis.

When two nearby concentrations are different, materials will tend to spread out
to equalize the concentration. That's why, for example, if you put a drop of food
colouring in some water it will gradually spread through the whole water.

https://youtu.be/xMPasu0w_z8

Video transcript
hi everyone welcome to little learning the question given here is define the
terms a semi-permeable membrane and b osmosis okay so we have to define
the terms that is given here the first one is semi-permeable membrane and
second one is osmosis so what what is a semi-permeable membrane from the
term itself it is somewhat clear right semi-permeable membrane so we can say
that the semi permeable membrane is a it is a membrane right it is a membrane
which allows yes which allows the which allows only the movement of what
particles only the movement of solvent particles and it restricts the movement
of solute particles okay so this is semi permeable means passes only solvent
particles but restricts the movement of yes bigger particles right that is
movement of solute particles so such membranes are called as semi permeable
membranes okay so what is a semi permeable membrane it is a membrane
which allows only the movement of solvent particles but restrict the movement
of solute particles across it okay across the membrane all right so that is what a
semi-permeable membrane is what about the second question second part is
what is osmosis so what do you know about osmosis yes osmosis is a process
that takes place in plants right yes osmosis is the it is a net movement of what
particles it is a net movement of solvent particles from where to where from a
region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration okay okay so
from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration the
movement of solvent particles takes place and through what this movement
takes place it takes place through a semi-permeable membrane okay so it takes
place through a semi-permeable membrane that is why the only the solvent
particles are moving across a semi-permeable membrane and because of this
osmosis what happens the solent particles moves from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration that takes place through a
semi-permeable membrane and because of this osmosis the it tends to and it
tends to equalize the concentrations right equalize the concentration on both
sides all right yes so exam for example if you can take you can take the example
as drop dropping food color in water if you're dropping a small drop of food color
in water what happens yes it starts spreading right and if it is having a semi-
permeable membrane in between also it spreads a little bit throughout the
water and finally the whole water will have the color so example you can take it
as a drop of food color in water okay so that is what osmosis is it is a net
movement of solvent particles from a region of higher concentration to a region
of lower concentration and it takes place through a semi permeable membrane
and what happens it tends to equalize the concentration on both the sets okay
so this is what is a semi-permeable membrane and osmosis is i hope you
understood this question if you have any doubt regarding this question please
leave a comment below and do subscribe to this channel for getting regular
updates thank you
Q6) Under what conditions do plant transpire (a) more quickly and (b) most
slowly?

Answer:
Solution:

(a) Plants transpire more quickly on hot summer days as compared to cold
winters.

(b) Plants transpire most slowly when the air is humid as the air cannot hold any
water molecules when it is already laden with moisture.

https://youtu.be/GNGdUiEvJCQ

Video transcript
hi everyone welcomes to lido learning the question given here is under what
conditions do plant transfer a more quickly and be most slowly okay so the
question is we have to explain the conditions when the plant transpire more
quickly and the second case is most slowly so first we need to know what
transpiration is right so what is transpiration or how can you explain what
transpiration in plants is yes transpiration is it is the process of water movement
right the process of water movement through the plant and what happens yes
and it's export that is it is being evaporated from the plant right through the
which parts from the from the aerial parts of the plant such as which are the
aerial blood the leaves stems and flowers okay so this is what transpiration is
that is it is the transpiration is that is it is the process of water movement
through the plant and it's export from the aerial parts such as the leaves stems
and floss so the plant is losing water through transpiration right and the question
here is you have to find you have to tell what conditions under what conditions
the plans transpire more quickly so that is part a so again now we need to see
the conditions right the several several factors affect transpiration it might be
environmental factors it might be the factors in effect with the plant so we need
to find the conditions or factors that affect the transpiration next okay the
factors that affect the transpiration transpiration implant is it can be light that is
daylight or whether it is day or whether it is night night time the second one is
temperature whether it is a very hot hot day or a very cold day that also changes
the transpiration rate next is wind whether it is a windy day or no wind is there
one next one is humidity so humidity of the surrounding also changes the
transpiration rate and even the number of leaves also, change the transpiration
rate so if the number of leaves is very high the transpiration rate also increases
so now we need to see the first condition here right so that is more quickly under
what conditions do plant transpires more quickly so when we are saying we can
say more quickly it happens when on hot summer days right on hot summer
days because the temperature is very high as compared to cold days cold winter
days right so that that time the transpiration rate will be very high and also on
windy days when there is wind the transpirationrate will be very high and
transpiration occurs more quickly all right now we have the the second case that
is when wonder what conditions do plant transpire most slowly so what might
be the condition the factors are given here so under what conditions will the
plant transpire most slowly yes as humidity increases on a very humid okay so
what is humidity the water content in the environment is very high right when
the environment is humid so what happens when the humidity is very high there
is no chance that the plant can export the water from the plant's body to the
environment because already the surrounding is having a lot of water it is very
humid so because as humidity increases what happens the water released
release to the environment other to the surroundings reduce right so it gets
reduced and thus what has transpiration also gets reduced right transpiration
becomes slow sorry about that so transpiration becomes slow all right so these
are the two reasons that are when when transpiration occurs more quickly is on
hot very hot summer days and on windy days and most slowly it occurs when
the humidity is really high because the water released to the surrounding gets
reduced which leads to a lower rate of transpiration all right so this is a solution
for this question if you have any doubt regarding this comment below and do
subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates thank you
Q7) Given here is an enlarged diagram of a part of the root. Draw arrows on
the diagram to show the movement of water passing through different parts.

Answer:
Solution:

Movement of water from root hairs to xylem vessel.

https://youtu.be/nKPbRwcn-FY
Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to inno learning the question given here is given here is
an enlarged diagram of a part of the root draw arrows on the diagram to show
the movement of water passing through the different parts so here we have an
enlarged diagram of a part of the root okay we have to draw arrows on this
diagram to show the movement of water okay so as you can see in the figure
you can see the root hairs here then this is the soil and these are the root cells
okay so how will water flow from where to where the water flows from the root
from the soil through the root hair into the root cells and from the root cells it
is carried upward through the xylem that is present in the roots to the leaves
and stems of the plant okay so when we are drawing the arrows how will we
draw it how can we draw it yes so the water will enter from the soil so it will
enter the root hair and from the root hair it goes towards the root cells okay so
this is how we can draw the arrow and from the root cells it goes up to the leaves
for preparation of food right so this is how the arrows can be marked that is
from the root hair towards the root cells that is how the movement of water
takes place all right so i hope you understood this question if you have any doubt
in this please comment below and do subscribe to this channel for getting
regular updates thank you"
Q8) Why is the structure of the root hair quite suitable for absorbing water
from the soil?

Answer:
Solution:

The root hairs are suited for absorbing water from the soil because:

1. The root hairs present a large surface area. The more the surface area,
the greater is the absorption.
2. Each root hair has a semi-permeable membrane.
3. It contains a solution (cell sap) of a higher concentration than surrounding
soil water.
https://youtu.be/YigXvZmeAFs

Video transcript
hello students welcome to Lido learning's question and answer videos my name
is Pallavi and I teach math and science at viedo let's have a look at this very an
interesting question in front of us that is how is it possible to detect the filling of
a bucket under a water tap by hearing the sound standing at a distance so you're
not able to see that it's getting filled but you're able to sure and still, you can
make out whether the the bucket is getting filled or not just by turning the sound
how is that possible so I have a picture of a bucket getting filled so it's almost
getting filled over here okay but before going to that application let's just
understand few things so the sensation of frequency is referred to as pitch now
let me see let me look at these two pictures which I have so I have two waves a
and b now frequency means the number of vibrations in one second let's say if
this is one second this is my the time that is so the number of vibration in one
second gives me the frequency so I will just extend this time to the wave v as
well to check out which one has the higher frequency which one has higher
number of vibrations in this one second so as you can see from the picture here
wave a has a lesser frequency than wave b so let me just mention it over here
that is the frequency of wave a is less than the frequency of wave b as you can
see the number of vibrations in the wave a is that number of vibrations in wave
b now let's move ahead to the next part that is frequency is directly proportional
to the pitch that is frequency is directly proportional to the pitch of a sound wave
so if the frequency or the pitch will also be more now using that in this picture
so here the frequency was more right therefore this is a high pitched wave
because the pitch is more it's directly proportional to frequency whereas with a
had lower frequency so it's a low pitched wave let me write that as well
therefore pitch of wave a is also less than the pitch of a b or this is the low pitch
wave and this is a high pitch wave so since the frequency is directly proportional
to pitch higher will be the frequency higher the the pitch which means shrill
sound high pitch means shrill sound and lower the frequency lower the pitch
means flat sound so lower pitch means flat sound now let's come to the example
which we have today that is water getting filled in a bucket so the pitch of the
sound of water filling in the bucket increases as the water is getting filled the
pitch is getting increased because why because of the length of the air length of
the area and the air so the the area of the air column inside decreases, the air
keeps on decreasing as the waterrises right therefore that is the reason why the
pitch of the ground also increases when the water rises now since the pitch is
increasing the frequency will also increase because we know that frequency is
directly proportional to pitch so if pitch increases the frequency also increases
hence from a distance when you're not able to see the water getting filled in the
bucket it is possible to detect the filling of the bucket under a water tap because
you can see the difference you can hear the difference between a high pitched
and a low pitched sound so I hope this point was clear if you have any further
questions please post your comments below thank you
Q9) Briefly explain, how transpiration helps in upward conduction of water in
plants?

Answer:
Solution:

Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial
parts of a plant.

It occurs through openings called stomata.

Water loss through evaporation lowers the concentration of water inside the
mesophyll cells.

Due to this, water enters mesophyll cells from neighbouring xylem vessels
through osmosis.

As water evaporates from the leaves, a suction force is created. This force helps
to draw more water up through the stem which causes the roots to absorb more
water from the soil.
Higher the rate of transpiration, greater the rate of absorption of water and
solutes from the soil.

Transpiration also helps in maintaining the temperature of the plant body.

https://youtu.be/6z5iQOsijm8

Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to lido learning the question here is briefly explain how
transpiration helps in upward conduction of water in plants okay so we need to
explain how the process of transpiration helps in the upward conduction of
water in plants okay so first what is transpiration yes transpiration is the we can
say that transpiration is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant right
so it is a loss of water from aerial parts of the plant which are the aerial parts
which are seen above the soil that is stem leaves flowers exit okay so
transpiration is a loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant and it occurs
through where it occurs through the openings in the leaves and these openings
are called as yes you might be familiar called as stomata okay so they
transpiration occurs to the openings called stomata and what happens when the
water evaporates when water evaporates from the leaves right when water
evaporates from stomata we can write at that time what happens a suction the
water concentration inside the stem reduces right so it causes a a suction force
a suction pressure is formed which pulls up water okay so because of the suction
force what happens the water moves from the silo vessels of the roots to the
silo muscles of the stem and then to the leaves so the water from the xylem
vessels of roots move to the xylem bezels of stem and leaves okay so more water
is being moved from the xylem vessels of the roots to the leaves so this suction
force it helps to draw water up right so the suction force helps to draw water up
through the stem right so through the stem the water moves and because of
this what happens it causes the roots to absorb more water right so it absorbs
more water from the soil so there is a suction force and the suction force it helps
to draw water up the stem so when the water is moving up the stem the water
concentration at the lower part of the stem gets reduced and because of this
the the root starts absorbing more water from the soil so that this process of
upward conduction of water continues right so this is happening because of
transpiration right so we can say that as a transpiration rate increases or as
transpiration increases what happens the rate of absorption of water and
minerals water and minerals also increases right it also increases and it does it
helps in what it helps in maintaining the transpiration helps in maintaining the
temperature of the plant also maintaining the temperature of the plant helps in
maintaining the temperature of the plant and the upward conduction of water
implants okay so i'll explain it once more so we know that transpiration is the
loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant that is stem leaves and flowers
and most of the loss is occurring in the leaves and it occurs through openings
called stomata and what happens when the water is getting evaporated from
this tomato a suction force is being formed inside the stem right so it it is pulling
up the water through the stem so the water from the side of muscles of the
roots they get sucked up and it moves to the cylon vessels of the stems and then
to the leaves and it gets evaporated through the leaves so this suction force it
helps to draw the water up through the stem and and because of that as the
water rate water is getting evaporated more it causes the root to absorb more
water from the soil because there is a concentration graded inside the plant so
we can say that as the transpiration rate increases the rate of absorption of
water and minerals also increases right and what all things does transpiration
helps transpiration helps in maintaining the temperature of the plant okay it
adjusts the transpiration rate according to that where as the transpiration rate
increases the plant becomes more cooler and it also helps in the upward
conduction of water in the plants okay and so i hope you understood this
question answer for this question and if you have any doubt regarding this
please comment below and subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates
thank you"
Q10) How does temperature, light intensity and wind affect transpiration?

Answer:
Solution:

Temperature: Transpiration is faster on hot summer days as compared to cold

winters.

Light intensity: The transpiration rate is increased due to the increase in light
intensity. During daytime in the sunlight, the rate of transpiration is faster. This
is because the stomata remains open to allow the inward diffusion of carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis. During dark, the stomata are closed, and hence
transpiration hardly occurs at night.

Wind: Transpiration is more when the wind is blowing faster as water

evaporates faster from the leaves.

https://youtu.be/hhhkJz4Kbfc

Video transcript
"everyone welcome to lido learning the question given here is how does
temperature light intensity and wind affect transpiration okay so we need to
find out how these factors like temperature light intensity and wind is going to
affect transpiration so what is transpiration transpiration is the laws of water
from the aerial parts of the plant right so it is a loss of water basically now there
are a lot of factors that affect the transpiration rate in a plant so some of these
factors are given here that is temperature light intensity wind then other factors
like humidity is also there the number of leaves are also there so here what we
are going to focus is only on these three factors that is temperature light
intensity and wind so first we will take temperature so what happens to the
transpiration rate the temperature is very high there transpiration becomes
faster so transpiration is faster on hot summer days because the temperature is
very high when compared to a cold winter day or we can say that as a
temperature rises the transpiration also increases right so that is how the first
factor affect the transformation now moving on to the second one that is light
intensity all right so how does the light intensity affect transpiration so light
intensity means whether it is daytime or night time so light intensity if the during
day time what happens during day time the transpiration rate is faster the
transpiration rate is faster why because the tomato tomatoes the opening
stomata the openings that is present underneath the leaves through which the
water is lost so because this tomato remains open to allow the diffusion of
carbon dioxide into the plant so since this tomatoes open during daytime more
water is lost through stomata okay so we can see the effect as as the light
intensity increases transpiration increases right okay now so the second factor
is also complete now moving on to the third factor that is wind okay so wind so
how will how will wind affect transpiration rate yes when the wind is blowing
faster transpiration increases yes so when the wind blows faster the
transformation increases okay why is that happening because when the wind is
blowing the water evaporates faster from the leaves okay so it happens because
water evaporates faster from the leaves because when the wind is blowing the
humidity decreases and does the transpiration rate increases because the water
evaporates more into the environment from the leaves so the effect is that as
wind increases the transpiration also increases okay so this is the effect that is
as temperature is increasing transpiration rate increases so we can see that
transpiration is faster during hot summer days when compared to cold winter
days when uh according to light intensity during the daytime the transpiration
rate is faster because this tomato remains open for the diffusion of carbon
dioxide so as light intensity increases the transpiration rate also increases now
going to the third factor that is a wind so when wind is blowing more water gets
evaporated from the leaves so transpiration rate also increases when the force
of wind is more okay so this is the solution for this question if you have any
doubts regarding this question please comment below and do subscribe to this
channel for getting regular updates thank you "
Q11) The set up shown alongside was kept in sunlight for an hour. It was
observed that drops of water appeared on the inside of the polythene bag.

(a) Name process which is being demonstrated.

(b) Why was the pot and its soil left uncovered by the polythene bag?

(c) Why was the pot left in the sunlight?

(d) Suppose the pot in this experiment was placed inside a dark room instead
of placing it in sunlight for some time. What difference will be noticed?

Answer:
Solution:

(a) The process that is being demonstrated is transpiration.

(b) The part with its soil was left uncovered with a polyethene bag so that the
roots can absorb water from the soil.

(c) The pot was left uncovered in sunlight because transpiration occurs faster in
sunlight.

(d) If the pot was left in the dark the process of transpiration would not have
occured.

Q12) State whether the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the
false statements correctly.

(a) Water absorption mainly occurs through the root-hair.

(b) Water enters the root-hair by osmosis.

(c) Water absorbed by the roots reaches the leaves and is used in producing
food for the entire plant.

(d) A semipermeable membrane allows larger molecules to pass through but

prevents the smaller ones.
(e) Transpiration is the loss of water from the roots of the plant.

(f) During transpiration, the leaves lose more water from their upper surface.

(g) Transpiration cools the plant when it's hot outside.

Answer:
Solution:

(a) True

(b) True

(c) True

(d) False.

A semipermeable membrane allows smaller molecules to pass through but

prevents the larger ones.

(e) False.

Transpiration is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant.

(f) False.

During transpiration, the leaves lose more water from their lower surface.

(g) True

https://youtu.be/mMsi1hTRJwE

Video transcript
hi kids welcome to little learning the question here is state whether the
following statements are true or false and rewrite the false statements correctly
all right so this is true or false so and we need to find the correct statement for
the false statements that are written here so first statement that you can see as
a water absorption mainly occurs through the root head is it true or false it is
true right the water absorption occurs through the root hair mainly occurs
through the root hair only because root absorbs the water now the second is b
water enters the root hair by osmosis yes that is also true water is absorbed by
the root hair and it enters the root hair through osmosis because the root hair
is a semi permeable membrane and water moves from a region of higher
concentration that is a soil to a region of lower concentration that is inside the
root so it is entering the root hair by osmosis so this statement is also true now
moving on to the third statement c water absorbed by the roots reaches the
leaves and is used in producing food for the entire plant yes it is true right yes
because the third statement is also true the water is absorbed by the roots it
moves the xylem vessels xylem vessels takes the water and the minerals to the
other parts of the plant that is the leaves mainly through the stem it reaches the
leaves where the food is produced for the entire plant so the statement c is also
true okay now moving on to the fourth statement that is d a semi-permeable
membrane allows larger molecules to pass through but prevents the smaller
ones is it true no that is false right so this statement is false so what is a semi
permeable membrane it is a membrane which allows the smaller particles or the
smaller molecules to pass through but prevents the larger ones so we need to
write the correct statement so we can write semi-permeable membrane allows
allows smaller molecules to pass through all right yes and prevents the larger
ones and prevents the larger ones okay so that is the correct statement now
moving on to the next one that is e the transpiration is the loss of water from
the roots of the plant is it true no that is false transpiration is the laws of water
from the aerial parts of the plant not from the roots the roots absorbs the water
and the water is lost from the through the aerial parts of the plant so the correct
statement for this is the loss of water transpiration is the is the laws of water
from the which parts yes from the aerial parts of the plant okay so that is the
correct statement further for this question now moving on to the next one
during transpiration the leaves lose more water from their upper surface again
the statement is false because leaves the water is lost from the leaves through
stomata so where is this tomato located it is under the leaves right so the
statement correct statement is during transpiration the leaves lose more water
from there lower surface not from the upper surface just from the lower surface
all right now the last part transpiration cools the plant when it's hot outside yes
that is true because transpiration it helps in maintaining the temperature of the
plant plant's body right if it is very hot outside the transpiration rate what
happens it increases so that it maintains the the temperature of the plant it
keeps the plant cool so transmission cools the plant when it's hot outside that
statement is true okay so this is a solution for this question if you have any doubt
please comment below and do subscribe to this channel for getting regular
updates thank you
Q13) Fill in the blanks:

1. Transportation in plants is carried out by a _______ system.

 2. The upward movement of sap that contains water and minerals is called
______ of the sap.
3. Transpiration is more when the wind is blowing _____.
4. Most water gets evaporated from the plant from its ______.
5. Transpiration is reduced if the air is ______.
6. The leaves have more ______ on their lower surface.

Answer:
Solution:

1. conducting
2. ascent
3. fast
4. leaves
5. humid
6. stomata

https://youtu.be/ygtFFv1voHI

Video transcript
"hi everyone welcome to low learning the question here is fill in the s so there
are six questions we'll go through each one of them so first question is
transportation in plants is carried out by a dash system so how this
transportation plant carries is carried out yes it is carried out by a conducting
system yes so the answer here is it is carried out by a conducting system okay
now the second question the upward movement of sap that contains water and
minerals is called the ascend of sap yes yes so the answer here is ascent of the
sap that is an upward moment of the sap is called as ascent of the sun okay the
third question transpiration is more when the wind is blowing yes the wind is
blowing faster that is on a very windy day the transpiration rate will be more
okay now the next one most water gets evaporated from the plant from its yes
from its leaves right yes so water is lost mainly through the aerial parts and out
of those aerial paths the water is eva gets evaporated more from the leaves okay
next question transpiration is reduced if the air is how is the transpiration rate
reduced of the air is humid yes so if the air is humid what happens it cannot take
any more water into it right so the transpiration the water is not getting
evaporated into the surroundings and the transpiration gets reduced okay now
the sixth part the leaves have more dash on the lower surface leaves have more
openings and what are those openings called as stomata yes so the leaves have
more stomata or openings on their lower surface so the transpiration rate or the
water gets evaporated more from the lower surface of the leaves all right so this
is the answer for this question i hope you understood this if you have any doubt
in this comment below and don't forget to subscribe to this channel for getting
regular updates thank you "
Practice Question:

In an experimental set-up, a dye was placed at the bottom of a beaker filled

with water as shown in figure A, below. After some time, the entire water in
the beaker got coloured uniformly as shown in figure D.

(a) Name and define the phenomenon shown in the experiment.

(b) In all the four figures, two kinds of molecules are shown symbolically -
larger and smaller. Which molecules are of the solute and which are of the
solvent?

(c) If all the dark shaded molecules in A are tightly enclosed in a cell membrane,
what will be the nature of movement of the molecules, if any?

Answer:
Solution:
(a) The phenomenon shown in the experiment is diffusion, it is the movement
of the molecules or atoms of a substance in any form from the region of higher
concentration the region of lower concentration.

(b) The larger molecules are of the solute (dye).

The smaller molecules are of the solvent (water).

(c) As the concentration of solvent molecules is more in the left side of the figure
A. The cell membrane will act as semi-permeable membrane and will allow on
the solvent molecules of water to move towards the solute particles. So the
solvent molecules will move towards the solute particles.

https://youtu.be/5pewmICW_t8

Video transcript
hi kids welcome to lido learning as you can see this is a practice question so i'll
read out the question in an experimental setup a dye was placed at the bottom
of a beaker filled with water as shown in the figure a so here this dark portion is
a tie and this is filled with water okay so after some time the entire water in the
beaker got colored uniformly as shown in figure t so after a you can see b the
dye is getting spreading dye is spreading throughout the water and see it has
reached more portion of the water and during the experiment part d that is
shown in the figure d after some time what happens the beaker got colored
uniformly with that die okay so the first part of the question is that name and
define the phenomenon shown in the experiment so you have to name and then
define the experiments of nominal that is shown here which is the phenomenon
that is shown here this is diffusion the phenomenon that is shown here is
diffusion so what is diffusion diffusion is the movement of particles from a
region of larger concentration to a region of smaller concentration so here
initially in figure a as you can see the dye was concentrated more towards this
corner right so after some time what happens the dye the more the particles of
the dye start spreading from the region of larger concentration to a region of
lower concentration into the water and at the end of d that is in figure d you can
see that the dye particles it has spread uniformly throughout the solution and it
has mixed uniformly with water so the phenomenon that is used here that is
told here shown this experiment is diffusion and what is diffusion diffusion is the
movement of particles in this case it is a dye so it is a movement of particles
from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration okay
so that is the definition of diffusion all right yes so moving on to the second part
what is the second part of the question in all the four figures two kinds of
molecules are shown symbolically larger and smaller molecules which molecules
are of the solute and which are of the solvent so here in d itself you can see black
dots here and there and ash color like two kinds of molecules are there one is a
larger molecules and one is the smaller molecules so which molecules are of the
solute and which molecules are of the solvent so the we can say that the larger
molecules that is the diet right so the larger molecules is the solute or in this
case we can say the dye that is mixed with the water and what about the smaller
molecules which is the solvent right so the smaller molecules as a solvent and
here which is a solvent yes it is the water that is used for mixing the dye all right
yes now moving on to the third part see if all the dark shaded molecules in a are
tightly enclosed in a cell membrane what will be the nature of movement of the
molecules if any so here in this figure a this dark shaded molecules it is being
tightly enclosed in a cell membrane so imagine that there is a cell membrane
just outside this portion so what will be the nature of the nature of movement
of the molecules if any if any movement is happening then what would be the
nature of the molecules so if there is a cell membrane then what happens the
solvent particle starts diffusing from the high concentration region into the
lower concentration region that is a solid particle is the water so water
concentration is more on this side the right side so from the right side it starts
diffusing through the cell membrane into the lower concentration area and
where the water concentration is low the solute concentration is high over there
right so dye concentration is more here water concentration is more here the
cell membrane is lying like here so the water starts moving to the portion where
the solute concentration is high and it diffuses through the cell membrane yes
so we can see that uh the cell membrane will act as a semi-permeable
membrane right so cell membrane will act as a semi permeable membrane okay
since that is a semi permeable membrane it will allow what particles to move so
cell membrane allows the solvent particles right so because it is a semi
permeable membrane so it allows the solvent particles to move towards the
portion where the solute particles is more solute particles is more means in
effect you can say that the concentration of solvent is low there right so it will
move to that portion where the solvent concentration is low or whether solute
particles are more all right so yes uh yes armor okay so if a cell membrane is
there it will act as a semi-permeable membrane and since it is a semi-permeable
membrane it allows the solvent particles to move towards the portion where
the solute particles are more so the water starts moving towards this portion
where the solute particles are more concentrate all right so that is what happens
if the cell membrane is placed or the dye particles are tightly enclosed in a cell
membrane all right so i hope you understood the solution how we got the
answer if you have any doubt regarding this question uh the answer how you
reach the answer please comment below and subscribe to this channel for
getting regular updates thank you